• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-101
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• 1976

Clinical observations were made on a total 104 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax during the period of 5 years from MAR. 1971 to MAR. 1976 at the Dept. of Chest Surgery, Korea University Medical College. The ratio of male to female cases was 7.4 : 1 in male predominance, and age distribution was 73% of the total cases within the 15-40 age range. There were 56 patients (53.8%) of right sided pneumothorax and 44 patients (42.3%) of left sided pneumothorax, 8 patients presented bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. The etiologic factors were tuberculous origin in 42.3%, rupture of bullae or blebs in 15.4%, acute pulmonary infection in 3.8%, pulmonary paragonimiasis in 2.9%, cysticercosis 1%, Marfan's syndrome in 1.9%, unknown causes in 32.7%. In all 104 cases, closed chest tube thoracostomy were performed for reexpansion of collapsed lung. In 50 cases of 104 cases, intrapleural instillation of Quinacrine HCl (Atabrine, Winthrop Laboratories, New York, N.Y.) thru the chest tube was used to control of recurrent pneumothorax, and compared observation with 54 cases control group of closed chest tube thoracostomy only. In both groups, 1) cure rates were 63% in control group and 88% in Atabrine group. 2) average duration of inserted chest tube were 5.6 days in control group and 5.7 days in Atabrine group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find effects of early oral water intake on thirsty feeling, nausea, and vomiting after ambulatory surgery. Method : Sixty patients who received PET(Pressure Equalizing Tube) insertion surgery under general anesthesia were conveniently sampled and divided into two groups. Experimental group was instructed to drink water after two hours and control group was directed to intake water after three hours postoperatively. Data were collected from May 1, 2002 to August 31, 2002 at ambulatory surgery center of Asan Medical Center. The thirsty feeling, nausea and vomiting score between experimental and control group were compared at the time of recovery, recovering consciousness, 2hr, 3hr, right before discharge and/or 24hr(telephone interview) postoperatively. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 8.0 statistic program. Result : Result of this study are as follows. 1) There was a statistically significant difference(t=-10.31, p=0.00) in the occurrence of thirsty feeling at the 3hr postoperatively between experimental and control groups. 2) There was a statistically significant difference($x^2=6.66$, p=0.02) in the incidence of nausea during the 2hr postoperatively between experimental and control groups. 3) There was no difference($x^2=0.35$, p=0.55) between groups in vomiting scores. Conclusion : It was generally known that the delay of oral water intake decreases post operative complications. But, this study shows that early oral water intake decreases discomfort of thirsty and there was no adverse effects on the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2018

Background: Venipuncture pain is an uncomfortable suffering to the patient. It creates anxiety, fear and dissatisfaction. The ketoprofen transdermal patch is a proven treatment for musculoskeletal and arthritic pain. We planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of the ketoprofen patch to reduce venipuncture pain. Methods: Two hundred adult patients, aged 18-60 years, of either sex, ASA grade I or II, were enrolled. Presuming that therapy would decrease venipuncture pain by 30%, a power calculation with ${\alpha}=0.05$ and ${\beta}=0.80$ required enrollment of at least 24 patients into each group. However, 100 patients in each group were recruited. Group I (Control) received a placebo patch; Group II (Ketoprofen) received a 20 mg ketoprofen patch. A selected vein on the dorsum of the patient's non-dominant hand was cannulated with 18 g intravenous cannula 1 h after the application of the respective patch. Assessment of pain was done by a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-10, where 0 depicts "no pain" and 10 is "the worst imaginable pain". The venipuncture site was assessed for the presence of skin erythema, swelling and rashes at 12 h, 24 h and at the time of decannulation. Results: Incidence of pain was 100% (94/94) in the control group as compared to 93% (85/91) in the ketoprofen group. The severity of the venipuncture pain was 6 (2) and 2 (2) for control and ketoprofen groups respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Application of a ketoprofen patch at the proposed site of venipuncture one hour before the attempt is effective and safe for attenuating venipuncture pain.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2020

Objective: The genes Bcl-2 and Bax play important roles in apoptosis. Many studies have shown that formalin has a strong deleterious effect on male fertility and can induce apoptosis. L-carnitine has been reported to potentially reverse the negative effects of formalin, leading to improved spermatogenesis. In this study, we examined the levels of expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in mice treated with formalin and L-carnitine. Methods: Thirty adult BALB/c mice were categorized into three groups. The mice in the control group (n = 10) were not injected with any substance. The mice in the second group (n = 10) received 10 mg/kg of formalin daily via an intraperitoneal injection, while those in the final group (n = 10) were intraperitoneally injected daily with a dose of 10 mg/kg of formalin and 100 mg/kg of L-carnitine. All mice were kept in isolated cages for 31 days. Results: The expression of Bax was significantly higher in the formalin-treated mice than in the mice of the control group, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly lower in the formalin-treated mice than in the control mice. Additionally, relative to control mice, Bcl-2 expression increased and Bax expression decreased in the mice administered both formalin and L-carnitine. Conclusion: In this study, L-carnitine was shown to augment Bcl-2 expression and to reduce Bax expression, indicating that this compound may inhibit apoptosis. Due to its positive effects, L-carnitine can be used as a prophylactic treatment for people who routinely come into direct contact with formalin as an occupational hazard.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5217-5221
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• 2016

Objective: A study of primary cancer morbidity among children and subsequent calculation of average annual incidence were carried out for boys and girls, and young men and women in Kazakhstan. Methods: The investigated population lived in three areas of the Aral Sea region: designated catastrophe (Aral, Kazalt, Shalkar regions), crisis (Zhalagash, Karmakshy, Shiely regions), pre-crisis (Irgiz, Arys, Ulytau regions). Zhanaarka region of Karaganda oblast was applied as a control. Parameters were retrospective analyzed for the 10 years from 2004 to 2013. Result: The results indicate that indices of children cancer morbidity were slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control district, but they were comparable with similar data from studies in other regions. In all areas of the Aral Sea region, except for Ulytau, primary cancer morbidity exceeded the control level by 1.3-2.7 times (4.7%000). Hematological malignancies, including solid tumors - tumors of musculoskeletal system and skin, digestive system, brain and central nervous system predominated. Stress levels in zones of the Aral Sea region were slightly higher in the crisis zone than in the catastrophe zone that can be explained by the phenomenon of wave-like dynamics of disease growth risk. Gender differences in characteristics of malignancy formation were not more pronounced in the studied region. Conclusion: Indices of children cancer are slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control area of Kazakhstan, but they are comparable to results for other regions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2067-2073
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify risk and protective factors/markers for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) in Israeli Jewish women in order to settle the discrepancy of low incidence rate of cervical cancer and relatively high incidence rate of CIN3. Materials and Methods: We conducted two case control studies, which examined the association between potential risk and protective factors/markers for cervical cancer or CIN3 using self administered detailed questionnaires. Results: For studying cervical cancer, 40 cases and 40 matched controls were interviewed. In the univariable and multivariable analyses older age, depression or anxiety and ever smoking seemed to act as independent risk factors/markers, while older age at first intercourse was protective. For studying CIN3, 99 cases and 79 controls were interviewed. Multivariable analysis has demonstrated that being born in Israel, depression or anxiety and ever smoking were independent risk factors/markers for CIN3. Conclusions: The risk factors/markers studied, that were associated with cervical cancer or CIN3 among Jewish women in Israel, are similar to those reported in other parts of the world, and do not explain the observed discrepancy of high in-situ cervical cancer rates and low invasive cervical cancer incidence in Israel.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 2010

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of water extracts of Panax notoginseng (WEPN) in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cell xenografted nude mice. Materials and Methods: We cultured NCI-H460 cell lines and xenografted them to nude mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups; positive control group, NCI-H460+150 mg/kg WEPN-treated group, and NCI-H460+300 mg/kg WEPN-treated group. They had been raised and treated in 28 days. We checked their body weight and tumor weight and volumes twice a week and their absolute organ weight and microhistological observation at the final day. We also calculated their tumor inhibition rate (I.R.), mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS). Results: Body weight of WEPN (300 mg/kg) treated mice tended to slightly greater increase than those of the positive control group, but had no significance. Tumor volume (measurement with a caliper) of WEPN-treated mice tended to be lower than that of the positive control group. Inhibition rate (I.R.) of the WEPN group decreased more than the positive control group, but had no significance. Results of tumor weights and volume (plethysmography) had no significance. Mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS) in the WEPN 300 mg/kg treatment group were higher than those of any other group (p<0.05). In absolute organ weights, the WEPN (150-300 mg/kg) treatment group decreased liver weights (p<0.05). Liver tissue of mice treated with WEPN (300 mg/kg) did not show any specific lesions. Conclusion: We suggest that WEPN may have potential as a growth inhibitor of solid tumors induced by NCI-H460 without any side effects. However, this study has limitations in proving anti-tumor effects of WEPN, so further studies to overcome those limitations will be needed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the distributional relationship between dental roots and the mandibular bone on single mandibular bone fractures, which are common craniofacial fractures. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study in Seoul, Korea. Patients with single mandibular fractures in the symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and angle area, with tooth structure involvement were included. The control group included patients with simple, bone-level lacerations without fractures. In total, 94 patients (72 males and 22 females) were included in the treatment group, and 125 (71 males and 54 females) were included in the control group. The height of the mandibular bone and the dental root were measured with panoramic radiography. The central incisor represented the symphysis area, the canine represented the parasymphysis area, the first molar represented the body area, and the second molar represented the angle area. Results: In the treatment group, symphysis fractures occurred in 16 patients (17%), parasymphysis fractures in 36 patients (38%), body fractures in 17 patients (18%), and angle fractures in 25 patients (27%). The ratios of the dental roots to the total height of the mandibular bone in the treatment group were 30.35%, 39.75%, 39.53%, and 36.27% for symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and angle areas, respectively, whereas in the control group, they were 27.73%, 39.70%, 36.76%, and 35.48%. The ratios of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The results show that the higher ratio of the dental root to the height of the mandibular bone increases the fracture risk.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1982

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ingestion of rice meal with red pepper(Capsicum annuum) as a seasoning upon the plasma gastrin concentration of normal human subjects in Korea. Thirteen normal human subjects including male and female(mean age: 21 years, range: $20{\sim}24\;years$) were studied. After an overnight(about 15 hrs) fast each subject ingested a test meal and a control meal on different days. The test meal consisted of 250 g toiled rice, 250 ml radish soup containing red pepper(dried powder, 3 g), 50 g vegetables and 200 ml barley tea, corresponding to 7.0 g protein, 9.0 g fat and 82 g carbohydrate and the control meal consisted of the same amount as the test meal except that the radish soup was supplied without red pepper. The venous blood samples were drawn before and after the ingestion of meals at the following times: -30, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min for the measurement of plasma gastrin concentration by means of radioimmunoassay. 1) Plasma gastrin concentration in response to the ingestion of control meal without red pepper increased significantly compared with the concentration in fasting state. 2) The increase of plasma gastrin concentration after the ingestion of test meal(containing red pepper) was significantly higher than that after the control meal. It is inferred from the above mentioned results that the ingestion of red pepper as a seasoning has a stimulatory influence on gastrin release in normal human subjects.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2015

Various constituents in clinical specimens, particularly feces, can inhibit the PCR assay and lead to false-negative results. To ensure that negative results of a diagnostic PCR assay are true, it should be properly monitored by an inhibition control. In this study, a cloning vector harboring a modified target DNA sequence (${\approx}375bp$) was constructed to be used as a competitive internal amplification control (IAC) for a conventional PCR assay that detects ${\approx}550bp$ of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene sequence in human feces. Modification of the native PCR target was carried out using a new approach comprising inverse PCR and restriction digestion techniques. IAC was included in the assay, with the estimated optimum concentration of 1 fg per reaction, as duplex PCR. When applied on fecal samples spiked with variable oocysts counts, ${\approx}2$ oocysts were theoretically enough for detection. When applied on 25 Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples of various infection intensities, both targets were clearly detected with minimal competition noticed in 2-3 samples. Importantly, both the analytical and the diagnostic sensitivities of the PCR assay were not altered with integration of IAC into the reactions. When tried on 180 randomly collected fecal samples, 159 were Cryptosporidium-negatives. Although the native target DNA was absent, the IAC amplicon was obviously detected on gel of all the Cryptosporidium-negative samples. These results imply that running of the diagnostic PCR, inspired with the previously developed DNA extraction protocol and the constructed IAC, represents a useful tool for Cryptosporidium detection in human feces.