• Title/Summary/Keyword: Medical IT System

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KB-BERT: Training and Application of Korean Pre-trained Language Model in Financial Domain (KB-BERT: 금융 특화 한국어 사전학습 언어모델과 그 응용)

  • Kim, Donggyu;Lee, Dongwook;Park, Jangwon;Oh, Sungwoo;Kwon, Sungjun;Lee, Inyong;Choi, Dongwon
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.191-206
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    • 2022
  • Recently, it is a de-facto approach to utilize a pre-trained language model(PLM) to achieve the state-of-the-art performance for various natural language tasks(called downstream tasks) such as sentiment analysis and question answering. However, similar to any other machine learning method, PLM tends to depend on the data distribution seen during the training phase and shows worse performance on the unseen (Out-of-Distribution) domain. Due to the aforementioned reason, there have been many efforts to develop domain-specified PLM for various fields such as medical and legal industries. In this paper, we discuss the training of a finance domain-specified PLM for the Korean language and its applications. Our finance domain-specified PLM, KB-BERT, is trained on a carefully curated financial corpus that includes domain-specific documents such as financial reports. We provide extensive performance evaluation results on three natural language tasks, topic classification, sentiment analysis, and question answering. Compared to the state-of-the-art Korean PLM models such as KoELECTRA and KLUE-RoBERTa, KB-BERT shows comparable performance on general datasets based on common corpora like Wikipedia and news articles. Moreover, KB-BERT outperforms compared models on finance domain datasets that require finance-specific knowledge to solve given problems.

Musculoskeletal Injuries by Weapons in Korean Soldiers: Four-Year Follow-Up (총기 및 폭발물에 의한 군인의 근골격계 손상: 최근 4년간 분석)

  • Yang, Hanbual;Hwang, Il-Ung;Song, Daeguen;Moon, Gi Ho;Lee, Na Rae;Kim, Kyoung-Nam
    • Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.234-244
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: To date, studies of firearm and explosive injuries in the Korean military have been limited compared to its importance. To overcome this, this study examined the characteristics of musculoskeletal damages in soldiers who have suffered firearm and explosive injuries over the past four years. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to July 2019, military forces who had suffered musculoskeletal injuries from firearms or explosive substances were included. The medical records and radiographs were reviewed retrospectively, and telephone surveys about Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) for this group were conducted. To compare the functional outcomes, statistical analysis was performed using a t-test for the types of weapons, and ANOVA for others. Results: Of the 61 patients treated for firearms and explosives injuries, 30 patients (49.2%) were included after undergoing orthopedic treatment due to musculoskeletal injury. The average age at injury was 26.4 years old (21-52 years old). The number of officers and soldiers was similar. Eleven were injured by gunshot and 19 by an explosive device. Sixteen were treated in the Armed Forces Capital Hospital and 10 at private hospitals. More than half of the 16 patients (53.3%) with a fracture had multiple fractures. The most common injury site was the hand (33.3%), followed by the lower leg (30.0%). There were 14 patients (46.7%) with Gustilo-Anderson classification 3B or higher who required a soft tissue reconstruction. Fifteen patients agreed to join the SMFA survey for the functional outcomes. Between officers and soldiers, officers had better scores in the Bother Index compared to soldiers (p=0.0045). Patients treated in the Armed Forces Capital Hospital had better scores in both the Dysfunction and Bother Index compared to private hospitals (p=0.0008, p=0.0149). Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze of weapons injuries in the Korean military. As a result of the study, the orthopedic burden was high in the treating patients with military weapon injuries. In addition, it is necessary to build a military trauma registry, including firearm and explosive injuries, for trauma treatment evaluation and development of military trauma system.

Heavy concrete shielding properties for carbon therapy

  • Jin-Long Wang;Jiade J Lu;Da-Jun Ding;Wen-Hua Jiang;Ya-Dong Li;Rui Qiu;Hui Zhang;Xiao-Zhong Wang;Huo-Sheng Ruan;Yan-Bing Teng;Xiao-Guang Wu;Yun Zheng;Zi-Hao Zhao;Kai-Zhong Liao;Huan-Cheng Mai;Xiao-Dong Wang;Ke Peng;Wei Wang;Zhan Tang;Zhao-Yan Yu;Zhen Wu;Hong-Hu Song;Shuo-Yang Wei;Sen-Lin Mao;Jun Xu;Jing Tao;Min-Qiang Zhang;Xi-Qiang Xue;Ming Wang
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.2335-2347
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    • 2023
  • As medical facilities are usually built at urban areas, special concrete aggregates and evaluation methods are needed to optimize the design of concrete walls by balancing density, thickness, material composition, cost, and other factors. Carbon treatment rooms require a high radiation shielding requirement, as the neutron yield from carbon therapy is much higher than the neutron yield of protons. In this case study, the maximum carbon energy is 430 MeV/u and the maximum current is 0.27 nA from a hybrid particle therapy system. Hospital or facility construction should consider this requirement to design a special heavy concrete. In this work, magnetite is adopted as the major aggregate. Density is determined mainly by the major aggregate content of magnetite, and a heavy concrete test block was constructed for structural tests. The compressive strength is 35.7 MPa. The density ranges from 3.65 g/cm3 to 4.14 g/cm3, and the iron mass content ranges from 53.78% to 60.38% from the 12 cored sample measurements. It was found that there is a linear relationship between density and iron content, and mixing impurities should be the major reason leading to the nonuniform element and density distribution. The effect of this nonuniformity on radiation shielding properties for a carbon treatment room is investigated by three groups of Monte Carlo simulations. Higher density dominates to reduce shielding thickness. However, a higher content of high-Z elements will weaken the shielding strength, especially at a lower dose rate threshold and vice versa. The weakened side effect of a high iron content on the shielding property is obvious at 2.5 µSv=h. Therefore, we should not blindly pursue high Z content in engineering. If the thickness is constrained to 2 m, then the density can be reduced to 3.3 g/cm3, which will save cost by reducing the magnetite composition with 50.44% iron content. If a higher density of 3.9 g/cm3 with 57.65% iron content is selected for construction, then the thickness of the wall can be reduced to 174.2 cm, which will save space for equipment installation.

On the Secret Scripture of Dragon and Tiger (Yong-Ho-Bi-Gyeol)-a Jungian Commentary (용호비결 연단술의 분석심리학적 의미)

  • Yong-Wook Shin
    • Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.141-194
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    • 2018
  • The article is about Yong-Ho-Bi-Gyeol(龍虎秘訣), which is one of the most important Taoist text in Korea written by Jeong-Ryum, a Taoist and alchemist in the Chosun Dynasty. The article deals with the alchemical and psychological meanings of Yong-Ho (龍虎, Dragon-Tiger), the way of nurturing cinnabar (修丹之道), the closing of the qi (閉氣), the method of alchemical breathing, the Dantian (丹田, cinnabar-field), and the Mysterious Female's One Opening (玄牝一竅), in addition to the brief introduction of the life of Jeong-Ryum and the bibliography of the book. The Yong-Ho (龍虎) meaning the dragon and tiger is the archetype of transformation in the form of their opposites, rooted in the psychoid system of the human psyche. The unified Yong-Ho makes Dan and the Dan, literally indicating cinnabar, has many alchemical connotations such as Mercurius, the rubedo state of the alchemical process, and the philosopher's stone. In the book, Jeong-Ryum emphasized the slow and subtle way of breathing in and out of Dantian to develop neidan (内丹, inner cinnabar or inner alchemy). The refining of neidan begins by the closing of the qi, which symbolizes the radical introversion and withdrawal of all the projections on the outer objects. The Dantian located at the lower part of the abdomen has been known to preserve jing (精), the vital essence of life, which can be refined into qi and spirit (神). In Jungian perspective, the Dantian is a mandala where an individual's mind can stay and focus at the center of psyche detached from ego and related to the Self. The long-nurtured introverted energy makes the Mysterious Female's One Opening (玄牝一竅), a pit or cavity in the transcendental space, through which the meditator can have a relationship with the great female principle of the universe. The current article has introduced the contents of the Yong-Ho-Bi-Gyeol in the perspective of analytical psychology. However, it has not dealth with the remaining topics including Taesik (胎息, embryonic breathing) and Juchenhwahu (周天火候, the great Celestial circuit firing), due to the lack of author's sufficient knowledge and experience. The unexplored areas of Yong-Ho-Bi-Gyeol will be studied in the future.

Correlation Analysis of Factors Affecting the Collimator Size used during Lumbar Spine Lateral Examination in Digital Radiography System (디지털 방사선 장비에서 요추 측면 검사 시 사용되는 조사야 크기에 영향을 미치는 요인의 상관관계 분석)

  • Young-Cheol Joo;Sin-Young Yu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.345-353
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    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study was to suggest an appropriate collimation size and central X-ray incidence point by analyzing the correlation between the collimation size used in lumbar lateral examination and factors affecting the collimation size. the lumbar lateral examination results of 148 patients suitable for the purpose of this study were analyzed. The measurement method was to set the total horizontal width shown in the image to the size of the irradiation field(collimation) used during the examination. The distance connected vertically from the end of the dorsal field to the apophyseal joint of the third lumbar vertebra(AJD), the distance from the dorsal end of the image field to the center of the body of the third lumbar vertebra(BD), and the distance from the end of the dorsal field of the image to the center of the pedicle of the third lumbar vertebra(PD). The distance was measured. For comparative analysis of the mean values of dependent variables according to gender, age, height, weight, and body mass index, the mean values were compared using the independent samples t test and one-way ANOVA. For post hoc analysis, duncan was used. The correlation between independent and dependent variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. In this study, statistical significance was set at a p value of 0.05 or lower. The average value of the collimation size during the lumbar spine lateral examination was 252.45 mm, AJD was 102.11 mm, BD was 141.17 mm, and PD was 119.73 mm. The mean values of collimation size, AJD, BD, and PD were larger in men than in women, but statistical significance for the difference in mean values by gender was found only in BD (p<0.05). There was a slight difference in the mean value of each group according to age, but there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). The collimation size and mean values of AJD, BD, and PD according to height, weight, and body mass index differed depending on the independent variables, and the differences were all statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result of the correlation analysis, field size and AJD, BD, and PD showed no correlation with gender and age, a weak positive correlation with height, and a medium positive correlation with weight and body mass index. The results of this study showed that CS was correlated with height, weight, and BMI during lumbar lateral examination. If the entrance point of the central X-ray is moved to the appophyseal joint by considering weight and BMI when adjusting the collimation size in clinical practice, it is expected that the collimation size can be reduced bu about 5%.

A Study on the Factors Influencing Catastrophic Health Expenditure of the Elderly Living Alone (독거노인의 재난적 의료비 지출 영향요인 분석)

  • Jung-Hoon Kim;Heenyun Kim;Seokjun Moon;Ju-Hyun Park;Hyoung-Sun Jeong
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.319-333
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    • 2024
  • Background: This study aims to identify the factors that influence the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) for the elderly living alone and to discuss how to manage CHE for the elderly living alone. Methods: This study utilizes 6th (2016), 7th (2018), and 8th (2020) data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging to identify the incidence rate of CHE among the elderly living alone and conducts a panel logit analysis. The dependent variable is the incidence of CHE (thresholds: 10%, 20%, 30%), and the independent variables include demographic factors (gender, age group, region), socioeconomic factors (education level, economic activity status, income quintile, financial support rate from children), health-related factors (subjective health status, regular exercise, smoking, drinking, number of chronic diseases), and healthcare coverage factors (type of health insurance, private health insurance). Results: Descriptive statistics classified by gender show that female elderly living alone are more vulnerable than male elderly living alone in terms of disease prevalence and socioeconomic status. In addition, the incidence of CHE is higher for elderly women living alone than for elderly men living alone across all thresholds. The main results of the panel logit analysis show that higher education, income quintile, and financial support rate from children are associated with lower odds of CHE, while poorer subjective health and a higher number of chronic diseases are associated with higher odds of CHE. Medical aid recipients are less likely to incur CHE than those covered by national health insurance. Conclusion: The implications of this study are as follows. First, vulnerable elderly living alone with multiple chronic diseases and low income and education levels are more likely to incur CHE. Second, it is necessary to review policies such as a CHE support program and chronic disease management programs focused on vulnerable elderly individuals living alone. Third, the CHE support program should be operated in a patient-centered manner, with consideration given to a customized system for selecting and supporting elderly individuals living alone who are in need.

Oxidative Inactivation of Peroxiredoxin Isoforms by H2O2 in Pulmonary Epithelial, Macrophage, and other Cell Lines with their Subsequent Regeneration (폐포상피세포, 대식세포를 비롯한 각종 세포주에서 H2O2에 의한 Peroxiredoxin 동위효소들의 산화에 따른 불활성화와 재생)

  • Oh, Yoon Jung;Kim, Young Sun;Choi, Young In;Shin, Seung Soo;Park, Joo Hun;Choi, Young Hwa;Park, Kwang Joo;Park, Rae Woong;Hwang, Sung Chul
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 2005
  • Background : Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a relatively newly recognized, novel family of peroxidases that reduce H2O2 and alkylhydroperoxide into water and alcohol, respectively. There are 6 known isoforms of Prxs present in human cells. Normally, Prxs exist in a head-to-tail homodimeric state in a reduced form. However, in the presence of excess H2O2, it can be oxidized on its catalytically active cysteine site into inactive oxidized forms. This study surveyed the types of the Prx isoforms present in the pulmonary epithelial, macrophage, endothelial, and other cell lines and observed their response to oxidative stress. Methods : This study examined the effect of exogenous, excess H2O2 on the Prxs of established cell lines originating from the pulmonary epithelium, macrophages, and other cell lines, which are known to be exposed to high oxygen partial pressures or are believed to be subject to frequent oxidative stress, using non-reducing SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (PAGE) and 2 dimensional electrophoresis. Result : The addition of excess H2O2 to the culture media of the various cell-lines caused the immediate inactivation of Prxs, as evidenced by their inability to form dimers by a disulfide cross linkage. This was detected as a subsequent shift to its monomeric forms on the non-reducing SDS PAGE. These findings were further confirmed by 2 dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis by a shift toward a more acidic isoelectric point (pI). However, the subsequent reappearance of the dimeric Prxs with a comparable, corresponding decrease in the monomeric bands was noted on the non-reducing SDS PAGE as early as 30 minutes after the H2O2 treatment suggesting regeneration after oxidation. The regenerated dimers can again be converted to the inactivated form by a repeated H2O2 treatment, indicating that the protein is still catalytically active. The recovery of Prxs to the original dimeric state was not inhibited by a pre-treatment with cycloheximide, nor by a pretreatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis, which suggests that the reappearance of dimers occurs via a regeneration process rather than via the de novo synthesis of the active protein. Conclusion : The cells, in general, appeared to be equipped with an established system for regenerating inactivated Prxs, and this system may function as a molecular "on-off switch" in various oxidative signal transduction processes. The same mechanisms might applicable other proteins associated with signal transduction where the active catalytic site cysteines exist.

Suggestion of Learning Objectives in Social Dental Hygiene: Oral Health Administration Area (사회치위생학의 학습목표 제안: 구강보건행정 영역)

  • Park, Su-Kyung;Lee, Ga-Yeong;Jang, Young-Eun;Yoo, Sang-Hee;Kim, Yeun-Ju;Lee, Sue-Hyang;Kim, Han-Nah;Jo, Hye-Won;Kim, Myoung-Hee;Kim, Hee-Kyoung;Ryu, Da-Young;Kim, Min-Ji;Shin, Sun-Jung;Kim, Nam-Hee;Yoon, Mi-Sook
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.85-96
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to propose learning objectives in social dental hygiene by analyzing and reviewing learning objectives in oral health administration area of the existing public oral health. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study selected with convenience extraction were 15 members of the social dental hygiene subcommittee of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science. Data collection was conducted by self-filling questionnaire. The research tool is from 48 items of A division in the book of learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination, and this study classified each of them into 'dental hygiene job relevance', 'dental hygiene competency relevance', 'timeliness', and 'value discrimination of educational goal setting' to comprise 192 items. Also, to collect expert opinions, this study conducted Delphi survey on 7 academic experts. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 program (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Recoding was performed according to the degree of relevance of each learning objective and frequency analysis was performed. This study removed 18 items from the whole learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination in the oral health administration area of public oral health. Fifteen revisions were made and 15 existing learning objectives were maintained. Forty-five learning objectives were proposed as new social dental hygiene learning objectives. The topics of learning objectives are divided into social security and medical assistance, oral health care system, oral health administration, and oral health policy. As a result of this study, it was necessary to construct the learning objectives of social dental hygiene in response to changing situation at the time. The contents of education should be revised in order of revision of learning objectives, development of competency, development of learning materials, and national examination.

Results of Radiation Therapy and Extrafascial Hysterectomy in Bulky Stage IB, IIA-B Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix (종괴가 큰 병기 IB, IIA-B 자궁경부암에서 방사선치료와 Extrafascial Hysterectomy의 결과)

  • Kim Jin Hee;Lee Ho Jun;Choi Tae Jin;Do Cha Soon;Lee Tae Sung;Kim Ok Bae
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 1999
  • Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of radiation therapy and extrafascial hysterectomy in bulky stage IB, IIA-B uterine cervix cancers. Methods and Materials : Twenty four patients with bulky stage IB and IIA-B carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with extrafascial hysterectomy following radiation therapy due to doubts of residual disease at Department of therapeutic radiology, Keimyung University, Dongsan Hospital, from April 1986 to December 1997 According to FIGO staging system, there were 7 patients with stage IB, 9 patients with IIA and 8 patients with IIB stage whose median age was 45. Pathologic distribution showed 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 8 patients with adenocarcinoma. Seven patients had tumors that are less than 5cm in size and 17 patients had tumors with larger than 5cm. The mean interval between radiation therapy and extrafascial hysterectomy was 57 days. The radiation therapy consisted of external irradition to the whole pelvis (180 cGy/fraction, mean 4100 cGy) and parametrial boost (for a mean total dose of 5000 cGy) with midline shield (4H 10 cm), followed by intracavitary irradiation up to 7500 cGy to point A (maximum 8500 cGy). The maximum follow up duration was 107 months and mean follow up duration was 42 months. Results :Ten out of 24 patients (41.7%) had residual disease found at the time of extrafascial hysterectomies. Five year overall survival rate (5Y OSR) and five year disease free survival rate (5Y DFSR) were 63.6% and 62.5% respectively. Five year overall survival rate for stage IB and IIA was 71.4% and 50% for stage IIB. There was a significant difference in 5Y OSR and 5Y DFSR between patients with and those without residual disease (negative vs positive, 83.3% vs. 40% (P=0.01), 83.3% vs 36% (P=0.01) respectively). There was a notable tendency of better survival with adenocarcinoma than with squamous cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma, 85.7% vs. 53.3% (P=0.1), 85.7% vs. 50.9% (P=0.1) of 5Y OSR and 5Y DFS respectivey). Total dose to A point did not make a significant difference in survival rate or the existence of residual lesion (< 7500 cGy, 7500 cOy). It was also noted that significantly more frequent local failures have occurred in patients with positive residual disease compared with negative residual disease (5/10 vs. 0/14, p=0.003), There was no death related to the treatment. Conclusion : There was no improvement of residual disease and to the overall survival rate in spite of increased total dose to point A. We conclude that there is a possible beneficial effect of radiation therapy followed by extrafaseial hysterectomy in survival for adenocarcinoma of bulky stage IB and IIA-B uterine cervix. We need to confirm this with longer follow up and with large number of patients.

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Evaluation of Tuberculosis Activity in Patients with Anthracofibrosis by Use of Serum Levels of IL-2 sRα, IFN-γ and TBGL(Tuberculous Glycolipid) Antibody (Anthracofibrosis의 결핵활동성 지표로서 혈청 IL-2 sRα, IFN-γ, 그리고 TBGL(tuberculous glycolipid) antibody 측정의 의의)

  • Jeong, Do Young;Cha, Young Joo;Lee, Byoung Jun;Jung, Hye Ryung;Lee, Sang Hun;Shin, Jong Wook;Kim, Jae-Yeol;Park, In Won;Choi, Byoung Whui
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.250-256
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    • 2003
  • Background : Anthracofibrosis, a descriptive term for multiple black pigmentation with fibrosis on bronchoscopic examination, has a close relationship with active tuberculosis (TB). However, TB activity is determined in the later stage by the TB culture results in some cases of anthracofibrosis. Therefore, it is necessary to identify early markers of TB activity in anthracofibrosis. There have been several reports investigating the serum levels of IL-2 sRα, IFN-γ and TBGL antibody for the evaluation of TB activity. In the present study, we tried to measure the above mentioned serologic markers for the evaluation of TB activity in patients with anthracofibrosis. Methods : Anthracofibrosis was defined when there was deep pigmentation (in more than two lobar bronchi) and fibrotic stenosis of the bronchi on bronchoscopic examination. The serum of patients with anthracofibrosis was collected and stored under refrigeration before the start of anti-TB medication. The serum of healthy volunteers (N=16), patients with active TB prior to (N=22), and after (N=13), 6 month-medication was also collected and stored. Serum IL-2 sRα, IFN-γ were measured with ELISA kit (R&D system, USA) and serum TBGL antibody was measured with TBGL EIA kit (Kyowa Inc, Japan). Results : Serum levels of IL-2 sRα in healthy volunteers, active TB patients before and after medication, and patients with anthracofibrosis were 640±174, 1,611±2,423, 953±562, and 863±401 pg/ml, respectively. The Serum IFN-γ levels were 0, 8.16±17.34, 0.70±2.53, and 2.33±6.67 pg/ml, and TBGL antibody levels were 0.83±0.80, 5.91±6.71, 6.86±6.85, and 3.22±2.59 U/ml, respectively. The serum level of TBGL antibody was lower than of other groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference of serum IL-2 sRα and IFN-γ levels among the four groups. Conclusion : The serum levels of IL-2 sRα, IFN-γ and TBGL antibody were not useful in the evaluation of TB activity in patients with anthracofibrosis. More useful ways need to be developed for the differentiation of active TB in patients with anthracofibrosis.