• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.69-84
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of educare teachers' science education knowledge and attitudes towards science on science teaching anxiety. 259 teachers of young children were recruited from 19 daycare centers and the data were analyzed through frequency, percentage, Pearson's correlations using PASW 18.0 and structure equation modeling using AMOS 7.0. The findings are as follows. First, educare teachers showed more than median scores in all science education knowledge, attitude towards science and science teaching anxiety. Second, in total 57% of the variance in teachers' science teaching anxiety was accounted for by teachers' science education knowledge and attitude towards science. This result implied that teachers' science education knowledge and attitude towards science should be improved in order to reduce teachers' science teaching anxiety.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 1998

본 연구는 정상인의 저작근에서 지속적인 등척성 수축후 근전도 power spectrum과 압력통각 역치의 회복 특성을 구명하기위해 시행되었다. 악안면 영역의 동통과 긴으장애의 벙력 및 현증이 ㅇ벗고 정상적인 교합관계를 가진 26명의 정상인(남자 14명, 여자 12명) 을 대상으로 최대근활성도의 70% 수준에서 인내가능 할 때까지의 등척성 수축과 수축후 회복기 동안의 근전도 power spectrum과 압력통각 역치를 컴퓨터를 이용한 근전도 시스텀과 전자식 압력통각계를 사용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 지속적인 등척성 수축 시작 시점의 중간주파수에서 남녀간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관철되지 않았지만, 근육간 비교에서는 전측두근에서 교근보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 지속적인 등척성 수축전 암력통각 역치는 전축두근에서 교근보다 유의하게 높았고(p<0.001), 남성에서 여성보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 지속적인 등척성 수축시 중간주파수와 압력통각 역치의 변화량은 성별간, 근육간에 우의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 4. 지속적인 등척성 수축말기 중간주파수는 수축초기에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.001), 이의 회복은 모든 근육에서 60초와 120초 사이에서 이루어 졌다. 5. 지속적인 등척성 수축후 압력통각역치는 수축전에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.001), 수축전 수준으로의 회복은 여자군의 전측두근과 교근에서는 30분후에 남자구느이 전측두근과 교근에서는 50분 후에 이루어졌다. 6. 지속적인 등척성 수축후 주관적인 동통이 소실된 시각은 여자군의 전축두근에서는 28분, 교근에서는 42분으로 남자군의 전측두근에서는 30분, 교근에서는 40분으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.254-257
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• 2016

Background The postoperative speech outcomes of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) surgery are known to be poorer than those of other types of cleft palate. We attempted to objectively characterize the postoperative complications and speech outcomes of the surgical treatment of SMCP through a comparison with the outcomes of incomplete cleft palate (ICP). Methods This study included 53 SMCP patients and 285 ICP patients who underwent surgical repair from 1998 to 2015. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was $3.9{\pm}1.9years$ for the SMCP patients and $1.3{\pm}0.9years$ for the ICP patients. A retrospective analysis was performed of the complications, the frequency of subsequent surgical correction for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), and speech outcomes. Results In both the SMCP and ICP patients, no cases of respiratory difficulty, bleeding, or wound disruption were noted. Delayed wound healing and fistula occurred in 18.9% and 5.7% of the SMCP patients and in 14% and 3.2% of the ICP patients, respectively. However, no statistically significant difference in either delayed wound healing or fistula occurrence was observed between the two groups. The rate of surgical correction for VPD in the SMCP group was higher than in the ICP group. In the subset of 26 SMCP patients and 62 ICP patients who underwent speech evaluation, the median speech score value was 58.8 in the SMCP group and 66 in the ICP group, which was a statistically significant difference. Conclusions SMCP and ICP were found to have similar complication rates, but SMCP had significantly worse speech outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2014

Objectives To evaluate the clinical usefulness between muscle energy techniques (MET) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS), we performed both on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients. Methods After performing MET and TENS, we compared both in terms of electrical activity. We performed MET or TENS on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients in each group (n=15,15). After performing MET or TENS, we analyzed root mean square (RMS), median edge frequency (MEF) and asymmetry index (AI). Results 1. After performing MET on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients, RMS was significantly decreased compared with before (p<0.005). 2. After performing TENS on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients, RMS was significantly decreased compared with before (p<0.005). 3. After performing MET on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients, asymmetric index was significantly decreased compared with before (p<0.05). Conclusions According to above results, performing MET on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients has effect in terms of RMS and asymmetric index. And performing TENS on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients also has similar effect in terms of RMS but has not in terms of asymmetric index.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 2014

This paper presents an effective motion estimation to improve the performance of the motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) which is a core part of the wavelet-based scalable video coding. The proposed scheme makes the motion vector field uniform by the modified median operation and the search strategies using adjacent motion vectors, in order to enhance the pixel connectivity which is significantly relevant to the performance of the MCTF. Moreover, the motion estimation with variable block sizes that reflects the features of frames is introduced for further correlation improvement of the motion vector field. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method reduces the decomposed energy on the temporal high frequency subband frame up to 30.33% in terms of variance compared to the case of the full search with fixed block sizes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8089-8093
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• 2014

Background: To assess the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal adverse effects in advanced colorectal carcinoma patients treated with four different schedules of FOLFOX. Materials and Methods: Patients (median age 61 years) who underwent surgery were included in the study. All had measureable disease at CT scan, ultrasonography or clinical examination. Toxicity was graded on a scale of 1-5 according to the general grade definition of CTC v2.0. The severity of adverse effects (Grade 3 and 4) assessed in each treatment arm was compared. Results: Differences between the incidence rates of 3 and 4 toxicity and all grades of toxicity for all parameters in GI toxicity were very highly significant (p<0.001). Severe gastrointestinal symptoms of toxicity were noted with FOLFOX7 (oxaliplatin $130mg/m^2$). Grade 3 diarrhea was reported in 25% patients and grade 4 diarrhea in 4% in the FOLFOX7 treatment arm. Grade 2 vomiting was very frequently reported in the FOLFOX4 treatment arm (oxaliplatin $85mg/m^2$). Grade 2 stomatitis was reported in 42% patients treated with mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin $100mg/m^2$). Differences in the incidence rate of nausea, diarrhea and stomatitis among all treatment arms of FOLFOX were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Severe diarrhea is associated with FOLFOX7 treatment. No grade 3 or 4 GI toxicity was reported in patients of the mFOLFOX6 arm.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.629-637
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• 2017

Severe dust explosions occurred frequently in food processing industries and explosion damage increase by flame propagation in pipes or plants. However there are few fire explosion data available due to various powder characteristics. We investigated the characteristics of ignition and explosion on sugar, cornstarch and flour dust with high frequency accidents and high social demand. The measurements showed the median diameter of 27.56, 14.76, $138.5{\mu}m$ and ignition temperature has been investigated using by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The maximum explosion pressure ($P_m$) and dust explosion index ($K_{st}$) of sugar, cornstarch and flour are 7.6, 7.6, 6.1 bar and 153, 133, 61 [$m{\cdot}bar/s$], respectively. The flame propagation time in duct was calculated in order to evaluate the damage increase due to flame propagation during dust explosion. The explosion hazard increase due to flame propagation was higher in the order of sugar, flour and cornstarch dust.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

G-induced Loss of Consciousness(G-LOC) can be predicted by measuring Electromyogram(EMG) signals. Existing studies have mainly focused on specific body parts and lacked of consideration with quantitative EMG indices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indices of EMG signals by human body parts for monitoring G-LOC condition. The data of seven EMG features such as Root Mean Square(RMS), Integrated Absolute Value(IAV), and Mean Absolute Value(MAV) for reflecting muscle contraction and Slope Sign Changes(SSC), Waveform Length (WL), Zero Crossing(ZC), and Median Frequency(MF) for representing muscle contraction and fatigue was retrieved from high G-training on a human centrifuge simulator. A total of 19 trainees out of 47 trainees of the Korean Air Force fell into G-LOC condition during the training in attaching EMG sensor to three body parts(neck, abdomen, calf). IAV, MAV, WL, and ZC under condition after G-LOC were decreased by 17 %, 17 %, 18 %, and 4 % comparing to those under condition before G-LOC respectively. Also, RMS, IAV, MAV, and WL in neck part under condition after G-LOC were higher than those under condition before G-LOC; while, those in abdomen and calf part lower. This study suggest that measurement of IAV and WL by attaching EMG sensor to calf part may be optimal for predicting G-LOC.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.343-352
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• 2015

This purpose of this study was to identify view of occupational therapy fieldwork supervisor and novice occupational therapists in job. 117 fieldwork supervisor and 104 novice occupational therapists that work on 58 domestic hospitals were chosen. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS 20.0 statistics package for Window which determined frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, and range. The following are the results of this study. First, fieldwork supervisor considered that basic refinement and manners are most important when they evaluate student. Second, novice occupational therapists responded that importance is 10 points, conduction is 7 points, and satisfaction is 6 points in general job. Third, importance of fieldwork supervisor for the job were problem identification and established intervention plan in intervention plan appears over the first 2 above. But, conduction of novice occupational therapists for the job were evaluation in all 4 of the top 5 except 2 place. The results of this study are expected to be used as direction guidance of fieldwork to the solve difficulty of novice occupational therapists.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2015

Using the Total Electron Content (TEC) data from the Global Navigation Service System (GNSS) site in Jeju, operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (geographic location: $33.3^{\circ}N$, $126.5^{\circ}E$; geomagnetic location: $23.6^{\circ}N$) for 2002-2014 in Korea, the results of the statistical analysis of positive and negative ionospheric storms are presented for the first time. In this paper, ionospheric storms are defined as turbulences that exceed 50% of the percentage differential Global Positioning System (GPS) TEC ratio (${\Delta}TEC$) with monthly median GPS TEC. During the period of observations, the total number of positive ionospheric storms (${\Delta}TEC$ > 50%) was 170, which is greater than five times the number of negative ionospheric storms (${\Delta}TEC$ < - 50%) of 33. The numbers of ionospheric storms recorded during solar cycles 23 and 24 were 134 and 69, respectively. Both positive and negative ionospheric storms showed yearly variation with solar activity during solar cycle 23, but during solar cycle 24, the occurrence of negative ionospheric storms did not show any particular trend with solar activity. This result indicates that the ionosphere is actively perturbed during solar cycle 23, whereas it is relatively quiet during solar cycle 24. The monthly variations of the ionospheric storms were not very clear although there seems to be stronger occurrence during solstice than during equinox. We also investigated the variations of GPS positioning accuracy caused by ionospheric storms during November 7-10, 2004. During this storm period, the GPS positioning accuracies from a single frequency receiver are 3.26 m and 2.97 m on November 8 and 10, respectively, which is much worse than the quiet conditions on November 7 and 9 with the accuracy of 1.54 m and 1.69 m, respectively.