• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1980

Thirteen strains or crosses of Lentinus edodes obtained from home and abroad were compared for their mycelial characteristics on artificial media. Eleven of them were selected and inoculated on logs in order to study for their productivity, and the morphological characteristics of the mushrooms were investigated. 1) Seven strains, i. e., 11001, 12001, 13005, 13012, 13015, 12004 and 20101 were grown well on the sawdust medium. 2) The best mycelial growth and establish­ment of infection on logs were obtained from strains 20101 and 11001. 3) The highest yield of the mushrooms on logs during the six year periods were obtained from strains 11001, 12001 and 20101. 4) The highest yield of the mushrooms usually was obtained on the fourth year after inoculation. 5) The fruit body productivity in terms of dry weight recovery was the highest in strains 13005 and 20101. 6) The most productive period of the mushrooms during the years depended on strains. Most prevalent types of the strains were summer and autumn growing types, and more mushrooms were produced during these periods. 7) Morphological characteristics of the mushroom were more or less dependent on environmental conditions. 8) Thicker fruit bodies and relatively uniform shapes of the mushroom were produced by strain 20101.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.6 s.102
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• pp.781-792
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• 2005

This study proposes an Architecture for user level End-to-end Quality of Service(QoS) using overlay In Next Generation Network(NGN). Inexisting NGNs, the IMS of a control plane provides user QoS through direct traffic control and resource-reservation over the IP packet transport network of a user plane. Further, a set of torrent studies are ongoing not only to maximize the QoS for users, but also to minimize the quality deterioration for supporting the user End-to-end QoS. Along with that, an extended QoS in user level must be considered, for Instance, differentiating service quality to support users' expectation, providing optimized contents by users' equipments, and so forth. Accordingly, the Overlay Service Network Architecture proposed by this study provides protocol adaptation for maximum throughput on transport layer by using the most efficient transport layer protocol to various network circumstances. Also, the Overlay Service Network Architecture on application layer distributes processing delay from the data transformation process of the user equipment to the network, and it is capable of intermediate processing depending on user service level. application service feature, and equipment circumstance as well. Thus, this study mainly proposes the Overlay Service Network Architecture for user level end-to-end QoS in NGN with the quality control features both on the transport layer and the application layer, an internal component feature, and a service scenario providing the QoS linking with 3GPP.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.459-468
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• 2008

A data stream which is a massive unbounded sequence of data elements continuously generated at a rapid rate. Many recent research activities for emerging applications often need to deal with the data stream. Such applications can be web click monitoring, sensor data processing, network traffic analysis. telephone records and multi-media data. For this. data processing over a data stream are not performed on the stored data but performed the newly updated data with pre-registered queries, and then return a result immediately or periodically. Recently, many studies are focused on dealing with a data stream more than a stored data set. Especially. there are many researches to optimize continuous queries in order to perform them efficiently. This paper proposes a query optimization algorithm to manage continuous query which has multiple join operators(Multi-way join) over data streams. It is called by an Extended Greedy query optimization based on a greedy algorithm. It defines a join cost by a required operation to compute a join and an operation to process a result and then stores all information for computing join cost and join cost in the statistics catalog. To overcome a weak point of greedy algorithm which has poor performance, the algorithm selects the set of operators with a small lay, instead of operator with the smallest cost. The set is influenced the accuracy and execution time of the algorithm and can be controlled adaptively by two user-defined values. Experiment results illustrate the performance of the EGA algorithm in various stream environments.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1995

This project has been worked out for isolation of EPA-producing bacteria from marine source of sea water, sea sediment and intestinal contents eviscerated from some red-muscle fish such as mackerel, horse-mackerel and spike fish. The samples were precultured on the media of PPES-II glucose broth and then pure-cultured on Nutrient agar and P-Y-M glucose. Lipids extracted from those bacterial mass collected by centrifugation were analysed in terms of lipid class and fatty acid composition. The results are resumed as follows : 1. 112 strains from sea water and 76 strains from sea sediment were tested for their EPA producing capability, but both strains of (SA-67 and SA-91) from the former and four strains(SS-35, 37, 51 and 71) from the latter have been proved to produce EPA above the level of 2% of total fatty acids. The strains such as GS-11, 29, 31, HM-9, 29, B-18, 33, 107, YL-129, 156, 203, 77, 104 and 256 which were isolated from fish intestinal contents, have also produced EPA at higher level than 2% of total fatty acids. 2. Contents of total lipids extracted from the cultures of these strains grown at $25^{\circ}C$, range from 2.8% to 6.9% (on dry weight %), and they are mainly composed of polar lipids($40.9{\sim}52.9%$) such as phosphatidyl glycerol($^{+}cardiolipin$)(?) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($33.8{\sim}40.0%$), with smaller amount of free fatty acid ($11.2{\sim}20.2%$). 3. EPA was isolated from a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from the lipid of each strain by HPLC in silver-ion mode and was identified by GC-Mass spectrometry. 4. The strains of SW-91, GS-11, GS-29, HM-9, B-18 and YL-203 grown at $25^{\circ}C$ have a level of 5% EPA in their total fatty acids, and the GS-11 and HM-9 strains show a tendency of increase in the EPA level with an increase of growth temperature.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.419-429
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• 2000

Prevotella intermedia has been implicated as a potent pathogen in many kinds of periodontal, pulpal and periapical diseases. However, it has been isolated from periodontally healthy adults and from edentulous children as well. The intraspecies heterogeneity of Prevotella intermedia has been demonstrated in early studies and finally Shah & Gharbia confirmed the existence of 2 DNA homology groups and proposed dividing Prevotella intermedia into 2 species, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. This study was designed to examine the frequency of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in diseased periodontal pockets and healthy gingival sulcus of Korean people by PCR based on 16s ribosomal DNA sequence. One hundred adults who had adult periodontitis but not taken any periodontal treatment or antibiotics during previous 6 months and 50 adults who had healthy periodontal tissue were selected for this study. The sulcular fluid was collected into VMGA by sterilized paper point and diluted to 1,000 times in anaerobic chamber. $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of sample was cultured in $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Among the bacterial colonies, BPB were selected and cultured in BHI broth and then Prevotella intermedia was identified through Gram staining and biochemical test. Identified Prevotella intermedia was cultured again and centrifuged. DNA was extracted from the pellet using several reagents. PCR was performed by previously designed primer. The results were followed. 1. BPB were isolated from 39 of 100 samples of diseased periodontal pockets(39%). 2. Prevotella intermedia was identified from 24 of 39 BPB samples. 3. Among 24 Prevotella intermedia, 21 were confirmed as Prevotella inter - media(87.5) and 2 were confirmed as Prevotella nigrescens(8.33%). 4. BPB were isolated from 9 of 50 samples of periodontally healthy patients. Among them only two were identified as Prevotella intermedia, that is, one was confirmed as Prevotella intermedia and the other was Prevotella nigrescens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

This study intended to analyze growth condition of each object by protected tree's ground for 45 places registered to Pyeongtaek protected tree list in locational characteristics, conduct exchange analysis for impediment extent rate in crown area and tree type to the result and suggest the measures to manage artificial impediment which is an effect on protected tree condition. In this study, the tree whose area of impediment for crown area is less than 21% is tree condition of grade 1~2, less than 21~50% is grade 2~3 and more than 50% is grade 3~5. The more impediment is, the more inconvenience causes on growth and development. So, it verified that the area rate must maintain less than 21% for the root system management of protected tree. For the standard of managing artificial impediment which is an effect on the tree condition of protected trees, the below matters intend to be suggested. The first, the impediment in crown area should be less than 21%. But, if there is not artificial impediment out of crown area, the rate of impediment area is considered to increase somewhat. The second, growth space of protected tree should be maintained by crown area at least and impediment should be established out of the crown area. The third, during the national project and land development, surroundings of protected tree must be applied as park, resting place, etc. and the establishment area of impediment (artificial impediment and natural impediment) in crown area must be limited. The forth, publicity for regional people (especially, land owner) is necessary for the protection of natural inheritance and the value of dependence on local government and village which are the subject of management must be announced widely through the internet media, etc, so its importance must be recognized. The fifth, the matters related to protected tree management must be able to limit artificial damage which is for surroundings of protected tree through the mutual connection among the local governments; construction, civil engineering, architecture, water and sewage, agriculture and forest and others. Also, following studies on the effects of kinds, thickness, etc. of impediment around the protected tree on trees should be continued.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Foam reduces the mobility of gas phase in porous media to overcome gravity override and to divert acid into desired layers in the petroleum industry and to enhance the efficiency of environmental remediation. Recent experimental studies on foam show that foam exhibits a remarkably different flow rheology depending on the flow regime. This study, for the first time, focuses on the issues of foam diversion process under the conditions relevant to groundwater remediation, combining results from laboratory linear-flow experiments and a simple numerical model with permeability contrasts. Linear flow tests performed at two different permeabilities (k = 9.1 and 30.4 darcy) confirmed that two flow regimes of steady-state strong foams were also observed within the permeability range of shallow geological formations. Foam exhibited a shear-thinning behavior in a low-quality regime and near Newtonian rheology in a high-quality regime. Data taken from linear flow tests were incorporated into a simple numerical model to evaluate the efficiency of foam diversion process in the presence of permeability contrasts. The simple model illustrated that foam in the high-quality regime exhibited a successful diversion but foam in the low-quality regime resulted in anti-diversion, implying that only foam in the high-quality regime would be applicable to the diversion process. Sensitivity study proved that the success of diversion process using foam in the high-quality regime was primarily controlled by the limiting capillary pressures (${P_c}{^*}$) of the two layers of interest. Limitations and implications are also discussed and included.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2017

Development of modern agricultural machinery and accompanying agricultural development cause soil compaction and reduce growth by stressing roots. Kalanchoe pinnata was used to investigate the impact of stress on rooting and changes in plant growth and reproduction. K. pinnata forms somatic embryos capable of asexual reproduction at the edge of leaves. Impact of root pressurization of K. pinnata on somatic embryogenesis and organ differentiation according to external stress factors was investigated by using a high concentration of agar and this phenomenon was studied histologically. Agar concentration in culture media ranged from 0.5%-1.5% to induce a compression effect on roots. The stem and leaf of K. pinnata were subjected to a microtechnique process to study changes in tissue. In vivo, K. pinnata produced 2nd and 3rd plantlets at edges of leaves from lack of water and excessive lighting conditions. In in vitro culture studies, the lower the concentration of agar, the higher the population and the higher the biomass, but plantlet did not occur in leaf bends. Conversely, as concentration of agar increased, increase in the number of individuals was low. Plantlet development occurred only in agar 1.5% medium. The difference in agar concentration was a stressor in the root of K. pinnata, and thus the pattern of asexual reproduction changed from the division method in root to a plantlet generation in leaf. This suggests root pressurization may act as stress and change in the plant reproduction pattern.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 1997

Culture conditions affecting mycelial growth and sporulation of P. theae, SP2, SP3 and P. longiseta which causing leaf blight on oriental persimmon leaf blight have been investigated. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth and sporulation on potato dextrose agar was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ in all the fungi, but was inhibited and finally arrested at 10 and $30^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH for mycelial growth and sporulation were ranged at pH 4.5~5.0 and 5.0~6.0 in all the fungi. Lenonian agar, potato sucrose agar and oatmeal medium were good culture media for the mycelial growth and sporulation of all the fungi. The effective sources of nitrogen and carbon for the mycelial growth were tryptone, glycine, starch, dextrose, galactose and lactose. Glutamic acid, peptone and tryptone were good nitrogen sources for sporulation of the fungi. Sucrose, starch and galactose were also good carbon sources for sporulation. Generally, vitamins had no effect on mycelial growth and sporulation. The pH of the potato dextrose broth inoculated with SP2, SP3 and P. theae and P. longiseta was changed from 7.0 to 4.5~4.7 and 5.0~5.4 after incubating for 10 days, respectively. But, the initial pH of the medium adjusted to 5.0 was lowered to 4.5~4.7 after incubating for 10 days.