• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.159-177
• /
• 2009

The aim of this paper is to give a rigorous framework for the interpretation of limit analysis results including large displacements. The presentation is oriented towards unidimensional media (beams) but two-dimensional (plates) or three-dimensional media are also concerned. A single-degree-of-freedom system is first considered: it shows the basic phenomena of large displacement limit analysis or second-order limit analysis. The results are compared to those of a continuous system and the differences between both systems are discussed. Theoretical results are obtained using the kinematical approach of limit analysis. An admissible load-displacement plane is then defined, according to the yield design theory. The methodology used is applied to frame structures. The presented results are nevertheless different from those already published in the literature, as the virtual displacement field can be distinguished from the displacement field at collapse. The simplicity of large displacement limit analysis makes it attractive for practical engineering applications. The load-displacement upper bound can be used for instance in the optimal design of steel frames in seismic areas.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2018

A series of experiments using transparent micromodels with an artificial pore network etched on glass plates was performed to investigate the effects of flow rate on the migration and distribution of resident wetting porewater (deionized water) and injecting non-wetting fluid (n-hexane). Multicolored images transformed from real RGB images were used to distinguish n-hexane from porewater and pore structure. Hexane flooding followed by immiscible displacement with porewater, migration through capillary fingering, preferential flow and bypassing were observed during injection experiments. The areal displacement efficiency increases as the injection of n-hexane continues until the equilibrium reaches. Experimental results showed that the areal displacement efficiency at equilibrium increases as the flow rate increases. Close observation reveals that preferential flowpaths through larger pore bodies and throats and clusters of entrapped porewater were frequently created at lower flow rate. At higher flow rate, randomly oriented forward and lateral flowpaths of n-hexane displaces more porewater at an efficiency close to stable displacement. It may resulted from that the pore pressure of n-hexane, at higher flow rate, increases fast enough to overcome capillary pressure acting on smaller pore throats as well larger ones. Experimental results in this study may provide fundamental information on migration and distribution of immiscible fluids in subsurface porous media.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.649-668
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we present a numerical model for fluid-structure interaction between structure built of porous media and acoustic fluid, which provides both pore pressure inside porous media and hydrodynamic pressures and hydrodynamic forces exerted on the upstream face of the structure in an unified manner and simplifies fluid-structure interaction problems. The first original feature of the proposed model concerns the structure built of saturated porous medium whose response is obtained with coupled discrete beam lattice model, which is based on Voronoi cell representation with cohesive links as linear elastic Timoshenko beam finite elements. The motion of the pore fluid is governed by Darcy's law, and the coupling between the solid phase and the pore fluid is introduced in the model through Biot's porous media theory. The pore pressure field is discretized with CST (Constant Strain Triangle) finite elements, which coincide with Delaunay triangles. By exploiting Hammer quadrature rule for numerical integration on CST elements, and duality property between Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation, the numerical implementation of the coupling results with an additional pore pressure degree of freedom placed at each node of a Timoshenko beam finite element. The second original point of the model concerns the motion of the outside fluid which is modeled with mixed displacement/pressure based formulation. The chosen finite element representations of the structure response and the outside fluid motion ensures for the structure and fluid finite elements to be connected directly at the common nodes at the fluid-structure interface, because they share both the displacement and the pressure degrees of freedom. Numerical simulations presented in this paper show an excellent agreement between the numerically obtained results and the analytical solutions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.173-188
• /
• 2007

The general solution for two-dimensional magneto-electro-elastic media in terms of four harmonic displacement functions is proposed analytically. The expressions of specific solutions of magneto-electro-elastic plane problems with specific body forces are derived. Finally, based on the general solution in the case of distinct eigenvalues and the specific solution for density functionally gradient media, two kinds of beam problems with body forces depending only on the z or x coordinate are solved by the trial-and-error method.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2009

다층 변위 매핑 기법은 여러 층으로 구성된 변위 맵들을 사용하여 단층의 변위 맵으로 표현할 수 없는 복잡한 형태를 재현할 수 있으며, 영화와 게임 등의 디지털 콘텐츠에서 보다 사실적인 표현을 저비용으로 제공할 수 있다. 하지만 다층 변위 맵 자료 구조의 특성상 표현을 자세히 할수록 여러 층의 변위 맵이 필요해지고 하단부의 변위 맵일수록 변위 정보를 저장하고 있지 않은 공간이 많이 생긴다. 본 논문에서는 저장 공간을 비효율적으로 사용하는 다층 변위맵을 비손실 압축하고 렌더링하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 렌더링 방법은 비손실 압축 변위맵 정보를 사용하기 때문에 원본 변위 맵의 렌더링 결과와 동일한 화질을 보장한다.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
• /
• 제5B권1호
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2005

As the structure of the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever becomes increasingly more complicated, a more accurate and efficient analysis of piezoelectric media is needed. In this paper, the piezoelectric transducer is analyzed by using the three-dimensional finite element method. The validity of the three-dimensional finite element routine is confirmed by comparing the experimental result. The resonance characteristics, such as resonance frequency and anti-resonance frequency, of the piezoelectric cantilever are calculated by the experimentally verified three dimensional finite element method. Subsequently, the characteristics, such as mechanical displacement and impedance, are calculated at the resonance frequency. Besides, to design the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever shape that maximizes displacement at the tip, the ES (Evolution Strategy) algorithm is applied. Finally, optimal design for the fan of the piezoelectric cantilever is fulfilled to obtain maximum displacement at the tip. From these results, the application potentiality of the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever fan is identified.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방송공학회 1997년도 학술대회
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 1997

In this paper, a hierarchical spatio-temporal image segmentation method based on binary split algorithm is proposed. Intensity and displacement vector at each pixel are used for image segmentation. The displacement vectors between two image frames which skip over one or several frames can be approximated by accumulating of the velocity vectors calculated from optical flow between two successive frames when the time interval between the two image frames is short enough or the motion is slow. The pixels whose displacement vector and intensity are ambiguous are precisely decided by the modified watershed algorithm using the proposed priority measure. In the experiment, the region of moving object is precisely segmented.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 1997

본 논문에서는 무한영역에서 발생하는 임의의 1$1/r^n$변위감쇠특성을 해석할 수 있는 p-버전 정적 무한요소를 연구하였다. 무한요소를 개발하기 위하여 이론해를 근사화한 형상함수를 사용하였다. 균질한 무한 탄성체내의 공동변형문제와 반무한탄성체위에 놓인 강성기초의 거동해석을 통하여, 본 연구에서 개발된 무한요소가 무한영역을 효율적으로 묘사할 수 있음을 검토하였다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 1999

Gel 표준 물질의 핵자기 공명적 완화 성질들이 다공성 매체내 유체의 핵자기 공명적 완화 성질들과 잘 부합될 수 있기 때문에, agarose gel은 다공성 매체내 유체의 성질을 측정하기 위한 표준 물질로 사용될 수 있다. 다공성 매체의 세공도(porosity)와 포화도(saturation)를 결정하기 위한 표준물질의 사용을 논의하였고, gel의 핵자기 공명적 성질에 대한 필요조건들도 제시하였다. 2.0 Tesla에서 측정된 agarose gel의 완화시간은 agarose 농도와 상자기성 불순물의 ($CuSO_4$) 농도 함수로 표시하였고, agarose gel 조성과 완화시간 사이의 실험적 결과를 나타내었다. 세공도 분포에 대한 평균값은 17.7%이고, 이 값은 중량 분석법에 의해 계산된 값과 잘 일치한다. 끝으로, agarose gel을 표준 물질로 사용한 비혼화성 2상 유체실험을 수행하였다. 포화 profile들은 균일한 다공성 매체내에서 일차원 치환실험을 했을 때 계산된 결과와 잘 일치하고 있다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.326-329
• /
• 2005

In the development of sheet-handling .machinery, it is important to predict the static and dynamic behavior of the sheets with a high degree of reliability because the sheets are fed and stacked at suck a high speed flexible media behaves geometric nonlinearity of large displacement and small strain. In this paper, static analysis of flexible media are performed by FEM considering geometric nonlinearity. Linear stiffness matrix and geometric nonlinear stiffness matrix based m the updated Lagrangian approach are derived using $C^1$ beam element and numerical simulations are performed by Updated Newton-Raphson(UNR) method.