• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2022

Mecoprop-p, a chlorophenoxy herbicide, has been widely used since the 1980s. Due to its high water solubility, it could be detected in the aquatic environment, as it has already been detected in the surface water or groundwater in several countries. The toxicity of other chlorophenoxy herbicides has been reported; however, there are few studies on the toxicity of mecoprop-p, one of the chlorophenoxy herbicides, on aquatic organisms. Here, we investigated the toxic effects of mecoprop-p using zebrafish. After mecoprop-p exposure, we observed that the zebrafish larvae eyes did not form normally, heart edema was generated, and the body length was shortened. The number of cells undergoing apoptosis also increased in the anterior part including head, heart, and yolk sac of the mecoprop-p-treated zebrafish compared to the untreated controls. Moreover, cardiovascular structures, including the heart and aortic arches, were also malformed after exposure to mecoprop-p. Therefore, our results suggest that mecoprop-p could cause abnormal development in zebrafish larvae and there is also a high possibility that mecoprop-p would be toxic to other aquatic organisms.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

Twelve mecoprop-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil samples, and their genetic and phenotypic characteristics were investigated. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolates were related to members of the genus Sphingomonas. Ten different chromosomal DNA patterns were obtained by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences from the 12 isolates. The isolates were found to be able to utilize the chiral herbicide meco-prop as a sole source of carbon and energy. While seven of the isolates were able to degrade both (R)-and (S)-mecoprop, four isolates exhibited enantioselective degradation of the (S)-type and one isolate could degrade only the (R)-enantiomer. All of the isolates were observed to possess plasmid DNAs. When certain plasmids were removed from isolates MPll, MP15, and MP23, those strains could no longer degrade mecoprop. This compelling result suggests that plasmid DNAs, in this case, conferred the ability to degrade the herbicide. The isolates MP13, MP15, and MP24 were identified as the same strain; however, they exhibited different plasmid profiles. This indicates that these isolates acquired dif-ferent mecoprop-degradative plasmids in different soils through natural gene transfer.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mecoprop-wp concentrations on weed control, growth characters and yield in flax, after 7cm and 14cm of plant height it to the field. The major weeds were Alopecurus aequalis var. a murensis (kom) ohwi, Persicaria hydropiper spach, Lamium amplexicaule L, Stellaria alsine Grimm var. undulata ohwi, Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn. Flax yield were increased somewhat more with 250g/10a mecoprop-wp at 7cm of plant height than the other treatment and by hand weeding treatment of mecoprop-wp, 250g/10a at 7cm of plant height was slightly harmful for the flax with recommended concentration, On the other hand, all treatments were harmful in the double dosage level.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a troublesome perennial weed in the alpine grasslands of Kangwon Province of Korea. A number of soil- and foliar-applied herbicides were evaluated for their efficacy of red sorrel control. In greenhouse experiments, no soil-applied herbicides, such as pendimethalin, simazine, alachlor, metolachlor, ethalfluralin controlled red sorrel, however, foliar-applied herbicides, such as glufosinate, paraquat, glyphosate, glyphosate + 2,4-D, dicamba, mecoprop, 2,4-D, bentazone controlled more than 60% of red sorrel 2 weeks after treatments. When dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to red sorrel in different growth stages, the auxin-type of herbicides cold control red sorrel regardless of growth stage. This result implies that the auxin-type herbicides can be applied between early May (early growth stage) and mid lune (before fruit maturation) at Kangwon alpine grasslands. In a field experiment, glufosinate at 1.0 kg a.i, $ha^{-1}$, glyphosate at 3.28 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$, dicamba at 0.96 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$, and mecoprop at 150 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$ controlled more than 80% of red sorrel 4 weeks for treatment, suggesting such herbicides could be applied for red sorrel control at Kangwon alpine grasslands.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicides on weed control, growth characteristics and yield in flax, after direct seeding it to the field, the herbicides treated had no effect on the emergence period. The major weeds were decreased some what more with mecoprop-wp, herbicide than the other herbicides and by hand weeding. Mecoprop-wp and simazin-wp were had no injury but sethoxydim-EC and 2.4-D-wp were slighthy harmful for the flax with recommended concentration, On the other hand, all herbicides were harmful in the double dosage level

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 2005

MCPP (2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid; mecoprop), a hormonal weedkiller has been widely used. Although chronic exposure is generally considered to be mildly toxic to man, acute intoxication can be severe and should thus be taken seriously. We report the case of a patient who died after ingestion of MCPP. A 64-year-old man ingested about 400 ml of $50\%$ MCPP solution. He was stuporous and had an inadequate respiration. He had an hypotension which did not respond to vasopressors and died about twelve hours after ingestion.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the growth of Korean lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), penncross bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huda) and seaside bentgrass (Agrostis spp.) under application of 21 pre- and post-emergence herbicides and the weeding effect of 14 annual and 4 perennial weeds with them for the purpose of the systematic chemical weed control in turf. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Napropamide, napropamide + triclopyr and benefin were safe for Korean lawn grass and two kinds of bentgrasses when they were treated at 4 and 25 days after transplanting of turfgrasses. Simazine, lenacil and bentazon inhibited the growth of bentgrasses, but not Korean lawn grass. 2. The preemergence application of simazine, benefin and napropamide + simazine showed excellent control for Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus amuricus, Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea and Centipeda minima. Lenacil was excellent for control of all the tested weeds except Chenopodium album, napropamide excellent for them except Cyperus amuricus and Portulaca oleraces, and bentazon good for them except Digitaria sanguinalis. When simazine was treated with either napropamide or triclopyr at preemergence of weeds, weeding effect increased without inhibition of lawn growth. 3. The postemergence application of mecoprop, bentazon, benefin + dicamba and benefin + mecoprop was safe to bentgrasses. All the tested postemergence herbicides except simazine + atrazine did not inhibit the growth of Korean lawn grass. 4. Other postemergence herbicides mecoprop and triclopyr were excellent for the control of Echinochloa crusgalli and those except benefin and mecoprop excellent for Kummerovia striata. Digitaria sanguinalis was controlled by treating with all the tested post emergence herbicides and Cyperus amuricus controlled only by bentazon. 5. The growth rates of bentgrasses treated with simazine, lenacil and napropamide + simazine were lower than that of hand-weeded check, and those of benefin, bentazon, napropamide, napropamide + triclopyr, stomp, bensulide and triclopyr were higher than that one when applied at spring season. Korean lawn grass growth appeared to be good under application of all the tested preemergence herbicides at spring. Lanacil and bentazone showed poor control of Echinochloa crusgalli, and bensulide showed poor control of Erigeron canadensis. Also, napropamide and bentazon were not good for Kummerovia striata control. However, at the respective rates of all the tested herbicides, these three weeds were greatly controlled by 85-100% of weeding effect. 6. At the application of autumn season, bentazon, napropamide, pendimethalin, benefin, napropamide + triclopyr, bensulide and triclopyr seemed to be safe against three kinds of turfgrasses. But simazine, napropamide + simazine inhibited the growth of bentgrasses except Korean lawn grass. In terms of weed control performance, triclopyr was poor for controlling Echinochloa crusgalli and bentazon and stomp for Poa annua, napropamide, benefin and bensulide for Stellaria medico. Stellaria uliginosa and Cerastium caespitosum were well controlled by all the tested preemergence herbicides. 7. Korean lawn grass was safe when paraquat and glyphosate were treated at the dormanant season of turfgrass. These herbicides showed excellent controll of Poa annua but poor control of perennials in order of Trifolium repens < Miscanthus sinensis < Calystegia japonica < Artemisia asiatica. 8. In field test, all of 19 herbicides seemed to be safe when treated at Korean lawn grass. All of 10 preemergence herbicides were excellent for controlling annual weeds, but poor for perennial ones. All of 9 postemergence herbicides showed a excellent control for broad-leaf weeds.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1995

esters of the acid analytes were synthesized using $H_2SO_4$ as the catalyst. Efficiency of derivatization and instrumental molecular-response were compared with herbicides methylated with $BF_3-methanol$(14% W/V), $H_2SO_4-methanol$(33% V/V), and diazomethane. The molecular integrity of TFE-2,4-D, TFE-dicamba, and TFE-mecoprop, in the mixture, was confirmed by the GC/MSD method. The TFE-Esterification efficiency was maximized by adjusting the volume of $H_2SO_4$ the reaction time, and temperature. Optimal efficiency for the herbicide mixture was obtained by adding 1 ml of $H_2SO_4$ and 1 ml of TFE to the dried sample and allowing the reaction to proceed at $22^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr or using 0.5 ml $H_2SO_4$ and 1 ml of TFE at $60^{\circ}C$. For 120 min increasing the temperature and decreasing the reaction time were required for maximum esterification efficiency. The sensitivity of the GC/ECD to the TFE esters was about $2{\sim}20$ times greater than that to the methyl ester derivatives. The herbicides were extracted and esterified to TFE derivatives simultaneously from soil leachates previously spiked with the analytes. Herbicide recovery, peak resolution, and detector sensitivity were excellent without using column cleanup procedures.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 1995

The reseach was conducted to find out if there are any difference in growth, specific pattern in weed competition, and herbicide response of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) in a green house equipped with auto-foggy system. Plant height and leaf stage of Korean lowngrass under foggy condition were increased through all growing stages, whereas the number of tillers and shoot fresh weight harvested at 100 days after seeding were reduced by 24% and 29%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition. Weed emergence(total fresh weight) under foggy condition was much greater than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height, number of tillers, number of plant and shoot fresh weight of lawngrass under foggy condition were severely reduced with increasing the duration of competition(above 40 day-competition). Among the herbicides treated, oxyfluorfen completely inhibited plant height of lawngrass regardless of foggy condition, and bensulide considerably inhibited plant height of lawngrass under foggy condition. On the other hand, flazasulfuron did not affect the growth of lawngrass under both foggy and non-foggy conditions. At 40 days after herbicides application, weeding efficacy of bensulide and mecoprop under foggy condition were reduced by 6% and 13%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.286-291
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• 2003

Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most troublesome resistant weeds in Korean rice culture. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of M. vaginalis resistant to sulfonylurea(SU) herbicides and to determine alternative herbicides for the control of resistant M. vaginalis in direct seeded and transplanted rice culture in Korea. In greenhouse studies, the resistant biotype was 31-, 38-, 3172-, and 7-fold more resistant to ben-sulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype, indicating cross-resistance to the SU herbicides used in this study. Non-SU herbicides, butachlor, carfentrazone-ethyl, mefenacet, pretilachlor, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb, several SU herbicide-based mixtures, ethoxysulfuron plus fentrazamide, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus pyrazolate plus simetryn, and non-SU herbicide-based mixtures, pyrazolate plus butachlor, pyrazolate plus pretilachlor, simetryn plus molinate, carfentrazone-ethyl plus butachlor, and carfentrazone-ethyl plus thiobencarb can be used to control both the resistant and susceptible biotypes of M. vaginalis when applied before the second leaf stage. In the field experiment, the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis that survived from the paddy fields treated with a SU herbicide-based mixture could effectively be controlled by using mixtures of bentazone plus MCPA, bentazone plus mecoprop-P, and bentazone plus 2,4-D when applied at 2 or 4 main leaves. Our results suggest that the SU-resistant M. vaginalis had not developed multiple resistances to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, bentazone plus MCPA and bentazone plus mecoprop-P were effective control measures after failure to control resistant M. vaginalis in Korean rice culture.