• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.405-412
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• 2000

A natural air in-bin grain dryer with a grain circulator was developed for on farm use. Natural air drying test for rough rice was carried out to evaluate drying rate, uniformity of moisture content distribution in grain bed and energy consumption. It took 10 days to dry 8 ton of paddy rice from 21.9%(w.b) to 16.7%(w.b) moisture contents using the prototype dryer. The average drying rate was 0.52%/day. The uniformity of moisture content after drying was superior to the conventional natural air dryer where is grains were not circulated during drying periods. The dryer performance evaluation index was 738.3KJ/(kg.water), which was more effective than that of grain circulation t)pe hot air dryer(3,500-5,000 KJ/kg.water).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.363-369
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• 2000

A survey on the rice processing facilities scattered in the country was conducted in order to collect some basic data for the facilities upgrading and renovation plans. Thirty RPC and 287 custom rice mills were randomly selected among 30 cities and counties in eight provinces where the present status of facilities, management practices and other matters were monitored and evaluated. Following are the major findings of this survey.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1127-1137
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• 2021

Given the different effects of agricultural mechanization on various stages of wheat planting in Henan, this article selects 78 observation samples from Henan, a major wheat-growing province. It uses different research methods (multiple linear regression, social network analysis model, multi-layer sensory nerves network) to conduct a comparative study, and the calculation results of the model show that the experimental results have a strong convergence and consistency. Agricultural mechanization services have significant effects on the three stages of wheat planting: harvesting, plowing and sowing. A higher degree of mechanized service in several stages can reduce the cost of growing wheat on family farms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 1990

The main purpose of this report is to analyse the utilization results of farm machinery, farm mechanization rate and influences on the farm household economy. These results are summarized as follows : 1) The annual working days of major farm machinery are from 34.3 to 68.8 days for power tillers and tractors ; 7.9 to 8.5 days for rice transplanters ; 3.6 to 6.9 days for binders ; and, from 18.6 to 20.6 days for combines. Also income and expenditures of the farm management reveals al surplus in major farm machinery except for binders. 2) The popularization rate of major farm machinery is currently low, reaching the level of the early 1970's in Japan and the level of the early 1980's in Taiwan for rice transplanters and harvesters respectively. 3) The farm mechanization rate is 81.7% in plowing & levelling, 66.3% in rice transplanting, 87.5% in pest and disease control, 62.1% in harvesting and 12.5% in drying. However the farm mechanization rate of rice transplanting, harvesting and drying still remains at a low level. 4) The composition rates of farm machinery and implements are 10.2% in farm management expenditures (23.6% in Japan) and 13.2% in fixed capitals (29.4% in Japan) which still reflect a low level, and below that of the 1970's in Japan. From these analysis results, farm mechanization contributes to the improvement of farm management. Nevertheless, the popularization status and mechanization rate are still at a low level in korea. Therefore, it is deemed desirable to furthure promote effective utilization methods and guide farmers in higher safety utilization and management technology.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2001

This study was conducted in order to develop wind-water heating system where frictional heat is creased between the rotor and working fluid when they are rotating in the cylindrical heat generator. The wind-water heating system is composed of rotor, stator, working fluid, motor, inverter and heat generation tank. Instead of wind turbine, we have used an electrical motor of 30㎾ to rotate the rotor in this system. Two working fluids and six levels of rotor rpm were tested to quantify heat amounts generated by the system. Generally, as motor rpm goes up heat amount increases that we have expected. At the same rpm, viscous fluid showed up better performance than the water, generating more heat by 10$\^{C}$ difference. The greatest heat amount of 31,500kJ/h was obtained when the system constantly drained out the hot water of at the flow rate of 500ℓ/h. Power consumption rate of the motor was measured by thee phase electric power meter where the largest power consumption rate was 14㎾ when motor rpm was 600 and gained heat was 31,500kJ/h, that indicated total thermal efficiency of the wind power water heating system was 62%.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 1983

Farm population was rapidly decreasing due to shift of the people from farm sector to the non-farm sector caused by the economic growth of the country. Especially, a great shortage of farm labor in busy farming period in June and October is becoming a serious problem in maintaining or promoting land productivity. The peak of labor requirement in summer is caused by rice transplanting and barley harvesting. In order to reduce the restrictions imposed on farm management by the concurrence of labor requirement and the lack of labor, the experimental study for mechanization of barley harvesting has been carried out in the fields. 1. The machines for barley harvesting were knap-sack type reapers, windrow reaper (power tiller attachment), binder and combine. The order of higher efficiency of machine for barley harvesting was combine, binder, windrow reaper (WR), knapsack type reaper 1(KSTR1), and knap sack type reaper 2(KSTR2; mist and duster attachment). 2. The ratio of grain loss for the manual, binder, and combine plot was about four percent of total field yield. 3. The total yield of barley in 35 days and 40 days harvesting after heading were 514 kg and 507kg per 10 ares respectively. The yield of 35 days-plot was higher than other experimental plots. 4. The lowest yield was recorded in 30 days-plot due to the large quantity of immatured grains and having lighter 1000-grain weight. The ratio of immatured grains was 2.66 percent and 1000-grain weight was 29.4 grams. 5. The total harvesting cost of the windrow reaper was 10,178 won per 10 ares. It was the lowest value compared to other machines. The next were combine, binder, KSTR1, KSTR2, and manual in sequence. As a result, the optimum time of barley harvesting for mechanization was 35-40 days after heading. Combine, binder, and windrow reaper were recommended as the suitable machines for barley harvesting in the work efficiency. However, in total harvesting cost, the windrow reaper was the most promising machine for barley harvesting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.263-269
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• 1996

In indian agricultural , the energy use pattern has played dominant role in influencing the level of mechanization . Besides that the agro-climatic factors as well as the size of holdings do affect the degree of mechanization . Nearly 30 percent of total cultivated area is owned by l76 percent of the small and tiny land holders each owning even less than a hectare. On the other hand, about 2 percent of land owners cultivate land. These variabilitieshave greatly influenced the ownership of power sources on Indian farms. Small farmers, employ human and animal energies with the use of hand tools and animal drawn equipments. Whereases, the use of tractors, power tillers, electric motors, etc. on small farms is on a marginal scale. There are few pockets and also extensive wheat growing regions where mechanical and electrical power sources are extensively used in production agriculture leading to about 185% of cropping intensity . In that region, the animal energy is employed for on the farm transport of fertilizers, fodders and fuel to support milch animals and other household activities . Inspite of high degree of mechanization, the harvesting of crops is done by human labour with few exceptions of harvesting wheat crops by combines in few pockets. In overall assessment of mechanization, the following conclusions are drawn : ⅰ) Farm operation which show a growing trend of mechanization are (a) tillge, (b) seedling (c) Irrigation (d) Plant protection application (e) Threshing and (f) Transport . ⅱ) Crop cultivation system in respect of wheat, maize and sorghum have been greatly mechanized. ⅲ) The least mechanized cropping systems are (a) vegetable production and (b) cultivation of sugarcane, cotton, rice and pulses. ⅳ) Annual production of tractor has touched the figure of 280.000 by 1995 and the total number has crossed 1.5million on Indian farms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the profitability of four selective mechanization systems in rice cultivation. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the farmers' field during the wet season (June to November) of 2015 in Bangladesh. Mechanization systems were applied to evaluate four different selective levels (treatment) in eleven consequent operations. Seedlings were raised in a traditional seedbed and trays for manual and mechanical transplanting, respectively. Land preparation, irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide, carrying, and threshing and cleaning operations were performed using the same method in all the experimental plots. The mechanical options in the transplanting, weeding, and harvesting operations were changed. The mechanization systems were $S_1$ = hand transplanting + hand weeding + harvesting by sickle, $S_2$ = mechanical transplanting + Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) weeder + reaper, $S_3$ = mechanical transplanting + BRRI power weeder + reaper, and $S_4$ = mechanical transplanting + herbicide + reaper. This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Power tiller, rice transplanter, BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, self-propelled reaper, BRRI open drum thresher, and BRRI winnower were used in the respective operations. Accordingly, the techno-economic performances of the different technologies were calculated and compared with those of the traditional system. Results: The mechanically transplanted plot produced 6-10% more yield than the hand transplanted plot because of the use of tender-aged seedlings. Mechanical transplanting reduced 61% labor and 18% cost compared to manual transplanting. The BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, and herbicide application reduced 74, 91, and 98% labor, respectively. The latter also saved 72, 63, and 82% cost, respectively, compared to hand weeding. Herbicide application reduced the substantial amount of labor and cost in the weeding operation. Mechanical harvesting also saved 96% labor and 72% cost compared to the traditional method of harvesting using sickle. Selective mechanization saved 15-17% input cost compared to the traditional method of rice cultivation. Conclusions: Mechanical transplanting with the safe use of herbicide and harvesting by reaper is the most cost- and labor-saving operation. The method might be the recommended set of selective mechanization for enhancing productivity.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2023

Fresh corn, one of the main food crops, must be harvested by hand. A harvest mechanization technology is required. In this study, a tractor-attached harvester was designed and manufactured to sequentially perform stem reaping, fresh corn detaching, and collecting. The(harvester was designed so that the main device could operate through a hydraulic pump and a generator could be operated through the tractor's PTO. Factor tests were conducted according to cultivars (Ilmichal, Super sweet corn) and working speed (0.12 m/s, 0.17, 0.22). After the factor test, detached corns ratio, collected corns ratio, and damaged corns ratio were analyzed and harvest performance was evaluated. Harvesting performance was good for super sweet corn. Considering operation efficiency, 0.22 m/s was judged to be an appropriate working speed. It was found that it took two hours to work an area of 10 a.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.661-668
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide the policy information on implementing forestry mechanization through analyzing the project results and policy effectiveness. Study method adopted LISREL (Linear Structural Relationships) model which is the covariance structural equation model. Data was collected by questionnaires on the executors who are actually executing the forestry mechanization project. The analysis results on project outcome, policy satisfaction, and education and training showed the average. But the policy consistency, the consolidation of law and system and the spreading of forest machines showed bellow the average. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the consistent policy through the consolidation of law and system, and to increase the spreading ratio of forest machines in the forestry mechanization. In forestry mechanization project, the policy basis, the spreading of forest machines, and the education and training showed the positive affect on the policy outcome, respectively. The policy outcome had the positive affect on policy satisfaction. Accordingly, although the forestry mechanization policy system is important, it is necessary to spread the forest machines and to increase the training and education of operators for the successful forestry mechanization in the future.