• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.988-1001
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• 2018

The head and face are the most complicated structures of the human body. However, unlike apparel products, many of the head and face related products are produced in unisex or one-size-fits-all. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a practical analysis that reflects these size structures. This study analyzed head and face measurements of men, women, and both men and women; its purpose lying in clarifying the differences and commonalities between the measurements of men and women and discovering the possibility of integrating analysis on measurements of men and women. 3D face and head measurement data of men and women from 20 to 29 years-old from Size Korea's 6th human body size data were analyzed for this study. The mutual 9 factors were extracted as the results of the three factor analyses (both men and women) separately and men and women integrated. However in the cluster analysis based on the 9 factors, men and women showed mutual characteristics and different landscape in group types and distribution. The commonalities and differences between men and women observed in this study should be applied to the sizes of head and face products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.930-940
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• 2019

This study analyzes the facial data required for sheet design in order to pursue the facial compatibility of disposable sheets used in facial mask products that are increasing in popularity as self-care methods. The subjects of the study were 23 facial measurements of 1,001 women in their 20s to 60s from Size Korea's 6th 3D data. Through factor analysis, sheet-related facial measurements were collected into six factors included in the vertical length of each part of the face: length of face surface from the ear to each part of the face, width of eyes, nose, lips, length of nose, vertical length of lower face, width of the head and width of chin. Three sheet face types were classified using six factor scores as variables, and the characteristics of each type differed according to age group. As a result of the discriminant analysis to identify the dimension items that classify the three cluster types, 12 contributing items were extracted out of 23 items. This study provides useful information and data for further studies of products requiring facial fitness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to classify women's face types by visual distinction and to analyze the measurement of face types. A survey was conducted by subjects of 167 women's college students in Kwangju City and Chonnam area. Data were analyzed by Frequencies, Mean, one way ANOVA and Ducan's Multiple Range Test. The major results were as followed ; ·Women's face types were classified by 7 types and there were oblong shape(28.3%), egg shape(25.7%), round shape(23.9%), square shape(12.4%), inverted triangle shape(5.3%), diamond shape(3.5%), triangle shape(0.8%) in the subjects. ·From the measurements of the women's face, index of face length to face breadth was 1.38, it means that the index was different from the other refferences. And the lower face length was longer than the upper and the middle face lengths. ·Differences From those measurements like forehead breadth, face length/bizigion breath(p〈.001), bizigion breadth, bignathion slopper, stature(p〈.01) and trichion breadth, tragion-menton length(p〈.05) were significant in the classified face types.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.740-748
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to observe the face types of types of haircut design that is the basis for the completion of a hair styling mainly with case of male college student. For the purpose of this, I carried out direct and indirect observation and measurement for faces of 293 male college student who attended universities in Busan, and measured face types which were classified by the group analysis preferred hair style in order to do actual hair cut design. The result of this research is as follow. This paper conducted the element analysis in regard to the direct and indirect items of face, and it pulled out 5 elements. As a result of group analysis with elements as independent variables, they are classified into4 types. For actual hair cut design, 4 types classified by group analysis and nearing models analyzed. This research bring accurate information classified face types.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.76-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify women's face types and to analyze the measurement of face types. For study, 180 adult women(aged between 20 and 29) in Pusan and Ulsan area was sampled to be measured for facial types. Data were analyzed by Frequencies, Means, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Distinction analysis. The major results were as followed. Women's face types were classified by 6 types and there were round shape(29.4%), oblong shape(18.9%), inverted triangle shape(16.1%), square shape(13.9%), egg shape(11.7%), diamond shape(10.0%) in the subject. Phyiognomic facial height was 182.38mm, the upper face length was 59.82mm, the middle face length 60.82mm, the lower face length 61.76mm, and the index of face length to face breadth was 1.35. The face width was 134.90mm, interocular distance 34.75mm, the nose width 33.93mm, and mouth width was 43.87mm. And also, differences from those measurements like forehead breadth, face length/bizygion breadth, forehead slopper, bigonion breadth, bignathion breadth, bignathion slopper.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.86-95
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the difference of external appearance measurements in subjects of different regional lineages as subgroups within the Tae-eumin Sasang grouping. Methods: We chose 51 Tae-eumin subjects diagnosed by Korean Sasang constitutional medical doctors aided by voice analysis. The subjects were divided into two groups, the northern and southern lineages, by an expert on facial characteristics of the two lineages. We took pictures of their frontal and lateral views by Martin's method, measured projected length of face with the Facial Feature Measurement Program, and analyzed anthropometric facial differences between the northern and southern types. Results: Results show differences between the northern and southern types. First, the northern type of face has bigger measurements than the southern type on the frontal face. Second, the northern type of face has higher measurements of "height", which means distance from pupil to a specific measurement point, than the southern type on the frontal face. Third, on the frontal face, the northern and southern types have differences with respect to eyebrow, point of sellion, and eye. Fourth, on the side face, the northern and southern types have differences in lip, mandible and ear. Conclusions: We found our anthropometric facial measurements of the northern and southern lineages to be in accordance with previous literature. Knowledge of the differences between the northern and southern lineages can be a hint in constitutional diagnosis when differentiation is clinically confusing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.151-165
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• 2007

Appearance matters in society today. Women want to feel good and look their best. They do make-up, wear garment and accessory for their good looking. Doing make-up, we have to know how we are look and to consider face shape. But it is difficult to recognize face shape. Because there is no standard face shape of adult women of quantitative analysis. The purpose of this study was to offer standard face shape of adult women in Korea. Furthermore, the study was to determine and differentiate face shape of each age group to set the basic data for the Korean beauty industry. In this study, photographs of 600 Korean women, age between $20{\sim}50's$, were indirectly measured in Venus face2D program. The measurements were analyzed by statistical methods. As a result of basic statistical data analysis, the average lengths of face were 196mm, lengths of forehead-hairline between eyebrows were 62mm, lengths of eyebrow between noses were 68mm, length of nose between chin were 66mm, and width of face were 150mm. By comparing to each age group's face using ANOVA, the statistically noticeable differences were found in measurements.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.483-490
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible. RESULTS. The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees. CONCLUSION. The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.124-129
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• 1997

The experimental investigation is mainly focused to detect tool wear by cutting signal measurements in multi-insert face milling SS 41 and STS 304. This research have investigated the effects on the insert number, which has relationship with mean-cutting force. AE(acoustic emission) signal, tool life and surface roughness in machining SS41 and STS 304. The cutting force and AE signal are monitored to analyse the cutting process, The surface roughness of the specimens machined by TiN coated tool with the various insert numbers measured at various cutting speeds, feed rates and depths of cut, The width of flank wear is also observed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.65-75
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study is to validate the correlation between Pain Face Scale(PFS) and Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), and to find out the methods to assess headache by PFS. Methods : The study participants included 28 headache patients. All patients answered questionnair, which include PFS, NRS, and other questions for measurements headache. It is analyzed by frequency, correlation with spss windows 14.0. Results : 1. PFS include the strength of headache, and feelings. 2. PFS express strength of headache more than NRS. 3. There was no significant relationship between aspect and regions of headache. Conclusions : Therefore PFS is objective measurement scale of headache.