• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.7 s.155
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• pp.1146-1159
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to offer body suit sizing system for young women aged 18-24. Many anthropometric measurements and other related data form 418 subjects were analyzed by various statistical methods. As a result of cluster analysis, we categorized somatotypes into 3 types: H-type, A-type, N-type as the most common. Subjects was covered 86.5% by KS body suit sizing system and 33.2% by body suit company. So we considered to produce AAA, AA cup size and small size body suit for raising the coverage. As size distribution by cluster analysis, H-type was mainly distributed ${70{\sim}85(AAA{\sim}D)}$ and M, L's hip size. A-type was mostly was ranged ${70{\sim}85(A{\sim}C)}$ and S, M size. N-type was widely showed ${65{\sim}85(AAA{\sim}I)}$ and S, M, L's hip size. Accordingly, it is reasonable to consider size distribution and physical characteristics by these figure types when suggesting sizing system as well as design and production.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 1996

Draping design system organized by European about 13C has been developed greatly for a long while, but for the purpose of the practical use the Dress form similar to human body has been needed. In order to make three-dimensional effect as fitting Muslin ot the Dress form. the Basic lien has to be established in Muslin and Dress form each. At this time, Shoulder-blade level is indicated from various angles : measure down 10cm from the back neck point, a quarter of the back neck point to the waist lie, the half-way point between neckline and bust line, measure down 41 inches from the back neck line, measure down 3 inches from the top edge of the muslin at center back and cross mark for neck line, and so forth. This study established the Basic line through the two ways of them (B.N.P∼B.L/2, B.N.P∼W.L/4), did tight fitting to the 5 kinds of Dress forms which ar normal type in the drop value(the difference between hip circumference and bust circumference), and acquired Basic Pattern. After the experiment, fitness are throughly investigate by statistical analysis of measurements. As a result, this study finds out that fit is proper when shoulder blade level is situated on a fourth of the back neck point to the waist line and a quarter point between back neck point and waist line, and waist dart is situated on the back center line and princess line.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive function in NIDDM patients. Method: The data were collected at MI OPD in C University hospital. with Digit Span Forward & Backward, Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B, and MMSE. Result: There were significant differences in DF, DB, TMT-A, and TMT-B according to gender, and in TMT-A according to living with spouse and comorbidity. There were significant differences in DF, DB, TMT-A, TMT-B, and MMSE according to monthly income, and in DF, TMT-A, and TMT-B according to hypertensive state. But, there was no difference in cognitive function score according to diabetes-related complication and diabetes treatment modality. There was a significant positive correlation between duration of NIDDM and TMT-A(r=.215, p=.025). The global cognition score was explained 42.1% of varient by age, duration of education, monthly income, and hypertensive state. Conclusion: As above results showed, among age, duration of education, monthly income, and hypertensive state, prevented and managed hypertensive state which is modifiable factor may reduce or delay cognitive function impairment in NIDDM patients. And DF & DB, TMT-A & B could be more utilized as useful cognitive function measurements because those tests reflected cognitive function in NIDDM patients better than MMSE.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.67-69
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• 2004

This thesis attempts to investigate and analyze the structure of educational simulation devices implemented thus far. conducting a close analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. On this basis the author Presents and implements a new method of simulation, and continuously upgrades it for increased stability and convenience. The most important aspects of the educational simulation device described in this thesis are: first removing the editing function (scenarios. single line diagrams, and point DB), which the instructor finds time-consuming and inconvenient to use; second, developing and installing the program so as to calculate electric power flow that can measure fluctuations measurements after changing the system status; and third. implementing a Client/server mode to build a system that will make it possible to train many people at a time in remote locations. When compared to simulation devices of the Psst. the greatest differences are that algorithm-based scenarios make scenario inputs unnecessary. and that the amount of work required for the point DB and single line diagrams were minimized.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

Detection of operation lines in farm works, object recognition and obstacle avoidance are essential pre-requisite technologies for unmanned agricultural machinery. A CCD camera, which has been largely used for these functions, is expensive and has difficulty in real-time signal processing. In this study, a laser range sensor was selected as the guiding vision for unmanned agricultural machinery such as a tractor. To achieve this capability, algorithms for distance measurement, signal filtering, object recognition, and obstacle avoidance were developed. Computer simulations were carried out to evaluate performance of the algorithms. Experiments were also conducted with various materials and shapes, Laser beam lost its intensity for poor reflective materials, resulting in less range value than actual, so a compensation technique was considered to be necessary. Object detection system was fabricated on an agricultural tractor and the performance was evaluated. As test result for obstacle detection and avoidance in field, to detect and avoid obstacle for path finding with guiding system for unmanned agricultural machinery was enable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.407-408
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• 2005

High surface area electrodes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors are produced by AC electrochemical processes. Optimization of crystallographic etch pit growth on aluminium during AC etching of cathode film for aluminium as electrolytic capacitor has been established. In this work, we present the observations of pit distributions by galvanostatic measurements. The effects of electrolyte concentration, current density, frequency, various pre-treatments and etching time have been studied. The specimen was pretreated in 0.5M NaOH and 1M HCl at $40\sim60^{\circ}C$, and transferred into a cell containing 1M HCl, then various mol $H_2SO_4$ etchant was added. Pit size distributions were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2004

High T$\_$c/ (Sm/Y)$\_$1.8/Ba$\_$2.4/Cu$\_$3.4/O$\_$7-$\delta$/ ［(Sm/Y)］ superconductor, a combination of Y and Sm(50% each), was systematically investigated by the zone melt growth process. A sample prepared by this method showed well-textured microstructure, and (Sm/Y)$_2$BaCuO$\_$5/［(Sm/Y)211］inclusions were uniformly dispersed in large (Sm/Y)Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$\_$y/ ［(Sm/Y)123］matrix. The sample showed a sharp superconducting transition at 91 K. The magnetization measurements of the (Sm/Y)1.8 sample exhibited the enhanced flux pinning, compared with Y$\_$1.8/Ba$\_$2.4/Cu$\_$3.4/O$\_$7-$\delta$/(Y1.8) sample without Sm. Critical current densities of (Sm/Y) 1.8 sample was 3.5${\times}$10$^4$A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 1 T and 77 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.242.2-242.2
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• 2014

Plasma-polymer thin films (PPTF) have been deposited on a Si(100) wafer and glass under several conditions such as different RF power by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. Ethylcyclohexane, ammonia gas, hydrogen and argon were utilized as organic precursor, doping gas, bubbler gas and carrier gases, respectively. PPTFs were grown up with RF (ratio frequency using 13.56 MHz) powers in the range of 20~60 watt. PPTFs were characterized by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), FE-SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), Contact angle and Probe station. The result of FT-IR measurement showed that the PPTFs have high cross-link density nitrogen doping ratio was also changed with a RF power increasing. AFM and FE-SEM also showed that the PPTFs have smooth surface and thickness. Impedance analyzer was utilized for the measurements of C-V curves having different dielectric constant as RF power.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2018

Background: Studying the ecosystem carbon cycle requires analysis of interrelationships between soil respiration (Rs) and the environment to evaluate the balance. Various methods and instruments have been used to measure Rs. The closed chamber method, which is currently widely used to determine Rs, creates a closed space on the soil surface, measures $CO_2$ concentration in the inner space, and calculates Rs from the increase. Accordingly, the method is divided into automatic or manual chamber methods (ACM and MCM, respectively). However, errors of these methods and differences in instruments are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics and difference of Rs values calculated using both methods with actual data. Results: Both methods determined seasonal variation patterns of Rs, reflecting overall changes in soil temperature (Ts). ACM clearly showed detailed changes in Rs, but MCM did not, because such small changes are unknown as Rs values are collected monthly. Additionally, Rs measured using MCM was higher than that using ACM and differed depending on measured plots, but showed similar tendencies with all measurement times and plots. Contrastingly, MCM Rs values in August for plot 4 were very high compared with ACM Rs values because of soil disturbances that easily occur during MCM measurements. Comparing Rs values calculated using monthly means with those calculated using MCM, the ACM calculated values for monthly averages were higher or lower than those of similar measurement times using the MCM. The difference between the ACM and MCM was attributed to greater or lesser differences. These Rs values estimated the carbon released into the atmosphere during measurement periods to be approximately 57% higher with MCM than with ACM, at 5.1 and $7.9C\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Conclusion: ACM calculated average values based on various Rs values as high and low for measurement periods, but the MCM produced only specific values for measurement times as representative values. Therefore, MCM may exhibit large errors in selection differences during Rs measurements. Therefore, to reduce this error using MCM, the time and frequency of measurement should be set to obtain Rs under various environmental conditions. Contrastingly, the MCM measurement is obtained during $CO_2$ evaluation in the soil owing to soil disturbance caused by measuring equipment, so close attention should be paid to measurements. This is because the measurement process is disturbed by high $CO_2$ soil concentration, and even small soil disturbances could release high levels into the chamber, causing large Rs errors. Therefore, the MCM should be adequately mastered before using the device to measure Rs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2012

We have studied lead-based gapless semiconductors, $PbPdO_2$, which is very sensitive to external parameters such as temperature, pressure, electric field, etc[1]. We have fabricated pure $PbPdO_2$, Co- and Mn-doped $PbPdO_2$ thin films using the pulsed laser deposition. Because of the volatile element of Pb, it is very difficult to grow the films. Note that in case of $MgB_2$, Mg is also volatile element. So in order to enhance the quality of $MgB_2$, some experiments are carried out in annealing with Mg-rich atmosphere [2]. This annealing process with volatile element plays an important role in making smooth surface. Thus, we applied such process to our studies of $PbPdO_2$ thin films. As a result, we found the optimal condition of ex-situ annealing temperature ${\sim}650^{\circ}C$ and time ~12 hrs. The ex-situ annealing brought the extreme change of surface morphology of thin films. After ex-situ annealing with PbO-rich atmosphere, the grain size of thin film was almost 100 times enlarged for all the thin films and also the PbO impurity phase was smeared out. And from X-ray diffraction measurements, we determined highly crystallized phases after annealing. So, we measured electrical and magnetic properties. Because of reduced grain boundary, the resistivity of ex-situ annealed samples changed smaller than no ex-situ sample. And the carrier densities of thin films were decreased with ex-situ annealing time. In this case, oxygen vacancies were removed by ex-situ annealing. Furthermore, we will discuss the transport and magnetic properties in pure $PbPdO_2$, Co- and Mn-doped $PbPdO_2$ thin films in detail.