• Title/Summary/Keyword: Measurement Uncertainty Analysis

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Inference of Age Compositions in a Sample of Fish from Fish Length Data (개체군 체장자료를 이용한 연령조성 추정)

  • Kim, Kyuhan;Hyun, Saang-Yoon;Seo, Young Il
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 2018
  • Fish ages are critical information in fish stock assessments because they are required for age-structure models such as virtual population analysis and stochastic catch-at-age models, whose outputs include recruitment strengths, a spawning stock size (abundance or biomass), and the projection of a fish population size in future. However, most countries other than the developed countries have not identified ages of fish caught by fisheries or surveys in a consistent manner for a long time (e.g.,>20 years). Instead, data about fish body sizes (e.g., lengths) have been well available because of ease of measurement. To infer age compositions of fish in a target group using fish length data, we intended to improve the length frequency analysis (LFA), which Schnute and Fournier had introduced in 1980. Our study was different in two ways from the Schnute and Fournier's method. First we calculated not only point estimates of age compositions but also the uncertainty in those estimates. Second, we modified LFA based on the von Bertalanffy growth model (vB-based model) to allow both individual-to-individual and cohort-to-cohort variability in estimates of parameters in the vB-based model. For illustration, we used data about lengths of Korean mackerel Scomber japonicas caught by purse-seine fisheries from 2000-2016.

The Statistical Technique for Dosimetric Meta-Analysis at in-vivo and in-vitro Papers about Bioeffects of RF Electromagnetic Field (RF 전자기장 생체 영향 연구 문헌에서 노출량 메타분석을 위한 통계적 기법)

  • Choi, Sung-Ho;Kim, Nam
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.1311-1320
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    • 2003
  • This paper proposed the estimating method of electromagnetic dosimetric reliability at in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. For more accurate consequences of these researches, we have tried to find out any correlations among output power, power density and specific absorption rate(SAR) with the results of in-vivo, in-vitro tests and SAR reports of cellular phone and PDA. In the case of in-vivo tests, the power density has close statistical correlations with SAR value and in the event of in-vitro tests, the output power has considerable statistical correlations with SAR containing duty factor. We analysed the coefficient of determination to estimate the dosimeoic uncertainty. If we use this method before evaluating techniques of measurement and analysis at both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments, we will conduct more accurate reliability test.

A Study on the Quantitative and Evaluation Weights of National Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors in the Mineral Industry (광물산업의 국가온실가스배출계수 정량·평가항목 가중치에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Yoongjoong;Cho, Changsang;Jeon, Eui Chan
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 2018
  • "The Framework Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth" specifies the requirements for the development and verification of emission factors for establishing reliable national greenhouse gas statistics. The scope of the regulations covers the development and validation of energy, industrial processes, solvents and other product use, agriculture, land use, land use change and emission and absorption coefficients of the forestry and waste sector as defined in the 1996 IPCC Guideline and GPG 2000, The minerals sector to be covered in this study belongs to industrial processes. As a representative method for quantifying and evaluating GHG emission factors, there are emission grade quality grading and DARS (Data Rating Rating System) in the 'Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents (1997)' reported by US-EPA. However, the above two methods are not specific and comprehensive, and lack the details for accurate emission factor verification. Therefore, there is a need for a method for verifying and quantifying certified greenhouse gas emission factors that reflects characteristics of each industry sector in Korea and accord with IPCC G/L and GHG target management. In this study, we conducted a weighted study on quantitative and evaluation lists of emission factor using questionnaires to develop a more accurate methodology for quantifying national greenhouse gas emission factors in the mineral sector. Quantification and evaluation of emission factor are classified into essential verification and quality evaluation. The essential verifications are : administrative compatibility, method of determining emission factors, emission characteristics, sampling methods and analysis methods, representativeness of data. The quality evaluations consisted of the quality control of the data, the accuracy of the measurement and analysis, the level of uncertainty, not directly affect the emission factor, but consisted of factors that determine data quality.

Development of certified reference materials for odorous aldehyde (알데하이드 악취물질의 인증표준물질 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Doo;Woo, Jin-Chun;Bae, Hyun-Kil;Kim, Byoung-Moon;Lee, Byung Gil;Heo, Gwi Suk
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.14-19
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    • 2008
  • Among the many odor materials, aldehyde has bad influences not only on human nose, but also on human health. Aldehyde has a strong odor at infinitesimal level, such as down to ppt concentration. Also aldehydes are highly reactive and have poor stability. Therefore, manufacture of standard gases, analysis of aldehydes are very difficult compare to other air pollution analysis. Aldehyde CRM containing 4 different aldehydes at $10{\mu}mol/mol$ (ppm) is developed by using gravimetry method according to ISO 6142 guide. The standard gases were reproduced again, and examined its reproducibility of preparation by GC-FID. The developed aldehyde CRM's certified value showed a relative expanded uncertainties of 2.11 % (95 % of confidence level, k=2).

A Study on the Impact of Elementary School Teachers' Perceptions of the School Library Roles on Their Library Use Behaviors (초등학교 교사의 학교도서관 역할 인식유형이 이용행태에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Seungyeon Lee;Giyeong Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.375-401
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    • 2023
  • A school library is where students develop their skills to cope with future uncertainty and can utilize various information materials to build their capability and response abilities to changes. Teachers' perception is crucial as their guidance is essential for the student to use the school library. Most studies, however, focused on quantitative measurement of the importance of the teachers' perception as an external environment, and there is a lack of specific categorization of different types of perceptions on the role of the school library. This study aims to examine types of perceptions about the school library among elementary school teachers. To do so, this study used Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), a person-centered approach, to identify teachers' complex perceptions about the role and importance of the school library, which were difficult to review in previous studies, and the teachers' most representative types of perceptions. Based on the findings from the above, this study is meaningful in proposing customized measures to operate and promote the school library depending on teachers' perceptions.

Predicting the Concentration of Obesity-related Metabolites via Heart Rate Variability for Korean Premenopausal Obese Women: Multiple Regression Analysis (심박변이도를 통한 폐경 전 한국인 비만 여성의 비만 관련 대사체 농도 예측을 위한 회귀분석)

  • Kim, Jongyeon;Yang, Yo-Chan;Yi, Woon-Sup;Kim, Je-In;Maeng, Tae-Ho;Yoo, Duk-Joo;Shim, Jae-Woo;Cho, Woo-Young;Song, Mi-Yeon;Lee, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2014
  • Objectives Advanced researches on the relationship between obesity and heart rate variability (HRV), heretofore, focused on characteristics of HRV depending on the state of obesity. However, the previous researches have not quantified predictive power of HRV toward the obesity-related variables, which is rather more meaningful for clinicians who regularly treat obese patients. Hence, we designed a research to investigate whether HRV could predict serum levels of obesity-related metabolites. Methods Ninety obese premenopausal women meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited. The HRV test, blood sampling, and measurement of physical traits were conducted. Multiple regression analysis of the measurement data was carried out, putting obesity-related metabolites (insulin, glucose, triglyceride, hs-CRP, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol) as outcome variables and the others as predictors. To select appropriate predictive variables, the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was applied. Normality and homoskedasticity of residuals for each model were tested to identify if there were any violations of the regression analysis's basic assumption. Logarithm transformation was used for the values of the concentration of metabolites and the HRV. Results The regression model including Total Power (TP) value and BMI had significant predictive power for serum insulin concentration (F(2, 88)=835.7, p<0.001, $R^2=0.95$). The regression coefficient of ln (TP) was -0.1002. However, it was not sure if the HRV could predict concentrations of other metabolites. Conclusions The results suggest that the Total Power (TP) value of the HRV can predict the level of serum insulin. If the BMI could be assumed as being constant, when the TP value is multiplied by n, the predicted change of insulin could be drawn by multiplying $n^{-0.1002}$. The uncertainty of this model can be assumed as approximately 5%.

Accurate determination of chloramphenicol in meat by isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS) (동위원소희석 액체크로마토그래피-질량분석법을 이용한 육류 중 클로람페니콜의 정밀한 정량 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Hye-Min;Kim, Byung-Joo;Jeong, Hyuk;Ahn, Seong-Hee
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.524-530
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    • 2010
  • Chloramphenicol is one of the most effective antibiotics for treatment of food-producing animals for typhoid fever. However, it has been reported that it caused severe side effects such as aplastic anemia in human, therefore the use of chloramphenicol for food-producing animal is prohibited by European Union and other countries. In this study, the analytical method using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS) was established for accurate determination of chloramphenicol in meat. Chloramphenicol was extracted with ethylacetate from porcine and solid phase extraction cartridge was used for enhancing the recovery. The residue of chloramphenicol in porcine was analyzed using the liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC/MS) interfaced with electrospray ionization source. Analysis was performed in negative mode with selected reaction mornitoring mode at m/z 321${\rightarrow}$257 of $[M-H]^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $[M-H-(HCOCl)]^-$ and m/z 326 ${\rightarrow}$ 262 channels for its isotope. The established method was tested using fortified samples at the level of 0.2 1, 10, $25\;{\mu}g$/kg and analytical results agreed with the gravimetrically fortified values within their uncertainties. This method was validated by analyzing a certified reference material, BCR 445, from IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurement). Our measurement values agreed with the certified value within their uncertainties. The uncertainty of our measured value was much lower than that the certified value from IRMM.

The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions (인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Il-Yoo B.;Kim, Woo-Sung;Lim, Byung-Ha
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

Applicability test of broad leaf samples stored at the NESB for biomonitoring of airborne pollutants (국가환경시료은행 활엽 시료를 활용한 지역별 대기침적 오염물질 모니터링 활용성 검토)

  • Lee, Jongchun;Lee, Jangho;Park, Jong-Hyouk;Lee, Eugene;Shim, Kyuyoung;Jang, Heeyon
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.532-541
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    • 2016
  • The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been collecting broad leave samples to monitor environmental pollution from five different designated sampling areas. In order to ensure the reproducibility and comparability of the results, all the procedures from selecting trees and pooling leaves to make the representative sample are defined in the standard operation procedures(the SOP). The representative samples were subjected to the chemical analyses for some heavy minerals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs). The uncertainty levels involved in each step of the SOP, that is, the sampling and the chemical analysis, were derived using the Robust ANOVA, which enables the relative comparison among the different levels of pollutants concentrations with confidence. Furthermore, the effect of the varying degrees of precipitation on the pollutants concentration of the leaves was also examined. Overall, the biological difference estimated from the duplicate samples was found to exceed the variation across the site, implying even aerial deposition over site. Samples from Gwanak Mt. showed highest heavy metal concentrations than the other sites. Washing off effect of the pollutants adhering in the form of particles on the leaf surface was found to be affected by the cumulative precipitation.

Determination and Validation of Synthetic Antioxidants in Processed Foods Distributed in Korea

  • Park, Hyeon-Ju;Seo, Eunbin;Park, Jin-Wook;Yun, Choong-In;Kim, Young-Jun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.297-305
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    • 2022
  • Antioxidants are food additives that extend the shelf life of food products by preventing lipid rancidity caused by active oxygen. They can either be naturally-derived or manufactured synthetically via chemical synthesis. In this study, method validation of five synthetic antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, was performed using a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet visible detector, and the method applicability was evaluated by analyzing foods containing antioxidants. The coefficient of determination (R2) average was 0.9997, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.02-0.53 and 0.07-1.61 mg/kg, respectively. The intra and inter-day accuracies and precisions were 83.2±0.7%-98.7±2.1% and 0.1%-5.7% RSD, respectively. Inter-laboratory validation for accuracy and precision was conducted using the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme quality control material. The results satisfied the guidelines presented by the AOAC International. In addition, the expanded uncertainty was less than 16%, as recommended by CODEX. Consequently, to enhance public health safety, the results of this study can be used as basis data for evaluating the intake of synthetic antioxidants and assessing their risks in Korea.