Purpose: The frontal sinuses are a pair of triangularly shaped, air-filled chambers lined by mucoperiosteum and located between the inner and outer tables of the frontal bone. Until recently, our understanding of gender variations in craniofacial anatomy has been chiefly built upon anthropometric studies, which typically employ facial surface measurements or plain film radiography. The aim of this study i to determine the sizes of the frontal sinus in both sexes in Koreans. Methods: 95 Korean subjects who underwent maxillofacial 3-Dimensional computed tomography (CT) between January 2009 and December 2009 were enrolled. Frontal sinus dimensions and forehead measurements were taken at midline and at 10, 20, and 30 mm to the left and right of midline using sagittal, coronal, and axial images. The data was analyzed for significant differences between measurements made at the selected points in the frontal sinus, for left to right variations, for gender variations, and for racial differences. Results: The mean thickness of the anterior table ranged from 2.31 to 3.23 mm. Mean anteroposterior depth of the frontal sinus ranged from 7.38 to 9.45 mm and did not vary significantly at any distance from midline. Frontal sinus height was greatest at midline (mean=29.24 mm) and progressively lessened at lateral distances. Mean total width at the level of the supraorbital ridge was 53.66 mm. For all measurements, no significant left to right variation was noted. Comparing the sexes, males were found to have greater dimensions in most frontal sinus measurements, though these differences were only found to be significant at or close to midline. The male forehead was marked by more acute nasofrontal angle (
본 논문은 차량 환경에서 GPS 반송파 기반 위치 결정을 위한 반송파 불연속 측정치 검출에 대한 내용을 다룬다. 반송파 기반 위치 결정 방식에 있어서 위치 정확도의 신뢰도를 확보하기 위해서는 반송파 불연속 측정치를 검출해야 한다. 반송파 불연속 측정치를 검출하는 방식에는 여러 연구가 있지만 본 연구에서는 차분된 반송파 측정치와 저가의 관성센서를 이용해 추정한 차분된 반송파의 차이를 모니터링 값으로 설정함으로써 GPS 불연속 측정치를 검출한다. 저가의 불연속 측정치 검출 알고리즘을 개발하는 것을 목표로 설계된 불연속 측정치 검출 성능 만족을 위한 관성센서 성능 범위를 도출한다. 이를 통해 적절한 가격과 성능의 관성센서 선택이 가능하다. 선정된 관성센서가 설계치를 만족하는지를 검증하기 위하여 회전 테이블 실험을 진행하였다. 결과적으로 실험치가 설계된 불연속 측정치 검출 성능을 보수적으로 만족하는 검출 성능을 보였다.
Purpose - Despite the importance of price, many companies do not implement pricing policies smoothly, because typical price management strategies insufficiently consider logistics efficiency and an increase in logistics costs due to logistics waste. This study attempts to examine the effect of product line pricing, which corresponds to product mix pricing, on logistics efficiency in the case of manufacturer A, and analyzes how logistics performance changes in response to these variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study, based on the case of manufacturer A, involved research through understanding the current status, analyses, and then proposing improvement measures. Among all the products of manufacturer A, product group B was selected as the research object, and its distribution channel and line pricing were examined. As a result of simulation, for products with low loading efficiency, improvement measures such as changing the number of bags in the box were suggested, and a quantitative analysis was conducted on how these measures influence logistics costs. The TOPS program was used for the Pallet loading efficiency simulation tool in this study. To prevent products from protruding out of the pallet, the maximum measurement was set as 0.0mm, and loading efficiency was based on the pallet area, and not volume. In other words, its size (length x width) was focused upon, following the purpose of this study and, then, the results were obtained. Results - As a result of the loading efficiency simulation, when the number of bags in the box was changed for 36 products with low average loading efficiency of 73.7%, as shown in