• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2019

This study was carried out to verify the accuracy of fitness tracking devices in monitoring heart rate and energy consumption and to contribute to the development of a forest exercise program that can recommend the intensity and amount of forest exercises based on personal health-related data and provide monitoring and feedback on forest exercises. Among several commercially available wearable devices, Fitbit was selected for the research, as it provides Open API and data collected by Fitbit can be utilized by third parties to develop programs. Fitbit provides users with various information collected during forest exercises including exercise time and distance, heart rate, energy consumption, as well as the altitude and slope of forests collected by GPS. However, in order to verify the usability of the heart rate and energy consumption data collected by Fitbit in forest, the accuracy of heart rate and energy consumption were verified by comparing the data collected by Fitbit and reference. In this study, 13 middle-aged women were participated, and it was found that the heart rate measured by Fitbit showed a very low error rate and high correlation with that measured by the reference. The energy consumption measured by Fitbit was not significantly different from that measured in the reference, but the error rate was slightly higher. However, there was high correlation between the results measured by Fibit and the reference, therefore, it can be concluded that Fitbit can be utilized in developing actual forest exercise programs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.341-356
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• 2007

A good understanding of normal modal variability of civil structures due to varying environmental conditions such as temperature and wind is important for reliable performance of vibration-based damage detection methods. This paper addresses the quantification of wind-induced modal variability of a cable-stayed bridge making use of one-year monitoring data. In order to discriminate the wind-induced modal variability from the temperature-induced modal variability, the one-year monitoring data are divided into two sets: the first set includes the data obtained under weak wind conditions (hourly-average wind speed less than 2 m/s) during all four seasons, and the second set includes the data obtained under both weak and strong (typhoon) wind conditions during the summer only. The measured modal frequencies and temperatures of the bridge obtained from the first set of data are used to formulate temperature-frequency correlation models by means of artificial neural network technique. Before the second set of data is utilized to quantify the wind-induced modal variability, the effect of temperature on the measured modal frequencies is first eliminated by normalizing these modal frequencies to a reference temperature with the use of the temperature-frequency correlation models. Then the wind-induced modal variability is quantitatively evaluated by correlating the normalized modal frequencies for each mode with the wind speed measurement data. It is revealed that in contrast to the dependence of modal frequencies on temperature, there is no explicit correlation between the modal frequencies and wind intensity. For most of the measured modes, the modal frequencies exhibit a slightly increasing trend with the increase of wind speed in statistical sense. The relative variation of the modal frequencies arising from wind effect (with the maximum hourly-average wind speed up to 17.6 m/s) is estimated to range from 1.61% to 7.87% for the measured 8 modes of the bridge, being notably less than the modal variability caused by temperature effect.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.10
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• pp.723-730
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• 2003

In this paper, new structures of embedded internet remote measurement systems are developed. The systems can acquire data, measured from most types of domestic meters, via internet. Due to the measured data can be transferred and stored into a server computer via internet, the measured data can be data based automatically Thus, measurement time and coasts can be reduced greatly. The data base and monitoring programs are developed under Widows environment. To test the developed system, it has been applied into digital calorimeters The results show that the developed system can directly be applicable into the real industrial field.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 1999

The ozone concentrations measured at the National Air Monitoring Stations between 1990 and 1995 were reviewed to detect any anomalies in the measurements. By screening the cases, in which variation of the ozone concentration from the previous measured value is greater than 75ppb, 125 station-days were identified as the test cases for the anomaly test. Historical and parallel consistencies of the measured concentrations were examined by plotting data for each test case. The detected anomalies can be classified into four categories; single outliers, anomalous variations during the startup period, baseline rises, and fluctuations in th diurnal variations. Anomalies were detected in as many as 80 cases among 125 test cases. Because of these anomalies, the number of hours exceeding 100ppb in the areas other than the Greater Seoul Area(GSA) could decrease from 157 to 107. Further studies for developing the methodology for eliminating the abnormal monitoring data are warranted for the data from the National Air Monitoring Stations are official to the both inside and outside of the country.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

In this paper, we have analyzed manufacturing problems of the scaffold with pores using FDM 3D printer and PLGA. We suggested the solutions using 3SC practical TRIZ. We selected the final solution used machine learning. We reduced number of experiments using most influential factor after analysis print factors. We printed the scaffold and measured pore size. We created the regression model using python tensorflow. The print condition data of measured pore size was used as training data. We predicted the pore size of printed condition using regression model. We printed the scaffold using the predicted the print condition data. We quantitatively compare the predicted scaffold pore size data and the measured scaffold pore size data. We got satisfactory result.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.659-662
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• 2002

The present paper presents the experimental results for pressure drop in inclined tube bundles located in a rectangular duct. Measurements are made for pressure drop in triangular and rotated triangular tube arrays having P/d ratio of 1.6 and inclination angles of 30,45,60 and 90 degrees. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and tube diameter ranges from $8{\times}10^2\;to\;6.3{\times}10^{4}$. The experimental results show that the magnitude of dimensionless pressure drop decreases significantly when the inclined angle is less than 45 degree. The measured data are compared with two existing correlations available in the literatures. The ESDU correlation agrees well with the present data far the triangular arrays. But some discrepancies are observed for the rotated triangular arrays when the inclined angles are 30 and 45 degrees. The Idel'chik correlation generally agrees well with the measured data for the rotated triangular arrays except for the inclined angle of 30 degree. The Idel'chik correlation needs modification for the triangular arrays. The modified Idel'chik correlation agrees well with the measured data within $10{\%}$. It is found that the present measured data can be applied to the evaluation and modification of previous correlations.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2000

The objectives of the study are to know the strain distribution and modal dynamic behaviour of steel bridge girders by actual traffic load. The live load effect depends on many parameters including the span length, gross vehicle weight, axle weight, axle configuration so on. For the estimation of static and dynamic characteristic, strain data caused by moving loads and traffic characteristics of passing vehicle under actual traffic load have measured using Bridge Weigh in Motion. To confirm the reliability of BWIM system, strain data measured using the $120{\Omega}$ strain gauge under the same condition. It is considered that the data acquired from BWIM system have reliability through the analysis and comparison between stress measured by strain data from BWIM and computed by FEM. Additionally according to the measured strain data of up-line and down-line on the highway, the up-line bridge grows more faster than the down-line bridge and girder 4 and 5 carry more load when vehicles pass the inner line and girder 2 and 3 does when vehicles pass the outer line as this case(the bridge composed with 5 girders).

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.129-150
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• 2018

This paper presents the structural performance monitoring of an urban footbridge located in Hangzhou, China. The structural health monitoring (SHM) system is designed and implemented for the footbridge to monitor the structural responses of the footbridge and to ensure the structural safety during the period of operation. The monitoring data of stress and displacement measured by the fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors installed at the critical locations are used to analyze and assess the operation performance of the footbridge. A linear regression method is applied to separate the temperature effect from the stress monitoring data measured by the FBG-based strain sensors. In addition, the static vertical displacement of the footbridge measured by the FBG-based hydrostatic level gauges are presented and compared with the dynamic displacement remotely measured by a machine vision-based measurement system. Based on the examination of the monitored stress and displacement data, the structural safety evaluation is executed in combination with the defined condition index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1747-1751
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• 2000

It is well known that acoustic signals, even measured in an anechoic chamber, can be contaminated due to the wall interference. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the original signal from the measured data, which is very critical for the case of measurement of source signal in a water tunnel. In this thesis, new methods for the reconstruction of sound sources are proposed and validated by using Boundary Element Method from measured data in a closed space. The inverse Helmholtz integral equation and its normal derivative are used for the reconstruction of sound sources in a closed space. An arbitrary Kirchhoff surface over the sources is proposed to solve the surface information instead of direct solution for the source. Although sound sources are not directly known by the inverse Helmholtz equation, the original sound source of pressure-field outside of the wall can be indirectly obtained by using this new method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.253-259
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• 2002

The rigid body characteristics (value of mass, Position of center of mass, moments and products of inertia) of mechanical systems can be identified from FRF data or vibration spectra of rigid body motion. Therefore the accuracy of rigid body characteristics is connected directly with the accuracy of measured data for rigid body motions. In this paper, a method of improving accuracy of measurement of rigid body motion is presented. Applying rigid body theory, ail translational and rotational displacements at a tentative point on the rigid body are calculated using the measured translational displacements for several points and transfer matrix. Then the estimated displacements for the identical points are calculated using the 6 displacements of the tentative Point and transfer matrix. By using correlation coefficient between measured and estimated displacements, we can detect the existence of errors that are contained in a certain measured displacement. Consequently, the improved rigid body motion with respect to a tentative point can be obtained by eliminating the contaminated data.