• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2017

In the field of dynamic measurement and structural damage identification, it is generally known that modal frequencies may be measured with higher accuracy than mode shapes. However, the number of natural frequencies within a measurable range is limited. Accessing additional forms of modal frequencies is thus desirable. The present study is concerned about the extraction of artificial boundary condition (ABC) frequencies from modal testing. The ABC frequencies correspond to the natural frequencies of the structure with a perturbed boundary condition, but they can be extracted from processing the frequency response functions (FRF) measured in a specific configuration from the structure in its existing state without the need of actually altering the physical support condition. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into the measurability of the ABC frequencies from physical experiments. It covers the testing procedure through modal testing, the data processing and data analysis requirements, and the FRF matrix operations leading to the extraction of the ABC frequencies. Specific sources of measurement errors and their effects on the accuracy of the extracted ABC frequencies are scrutinised. The extracted ABC frequencies are subsequently applied in the damage identification in beams by means of finite element model updating. Results demonstrate that it is possible to extract the first few ABC frequencies from the modal testing for a variety of artificial boundary conditions incorporating one or two virtual pin supports, and the inclusion of ABC frequencies enables the identification of structural damages without the need to involve the mode shape information.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

본 연구는 홍수기 유량측정의 어려움을 극복하고자 물과 비접촉식으로 유속을 측정하여 유량을 산정하는 전자파표면유속계(microwave water surface current meter, MWSCM)의 성능개선 제품인 범용 MWSCM에 대하여 소개하고자 하였다. 기존에 사용 중인 MWSCM은 홍수용으로써 연중 활용도가 낮아 이것의 이용성을 높이고자 성능을 개선하였다. 유속측정 범위를 확장하여 평 갈수기에도 하천 유량측정이 가능하게 하였다. 즉 기존 홍수용 MWSCM의 유속측정 범위가 $0.5{\sim}10.0ms^{-1}$이었던 반면, 금번에 개발된 범용 MWSCM은 $0.03{\sim}20.0ms^{-1}$로 홍수기 및 평수기 측정이 가능하도록 성능을 개선하였다. 이를 위해서 사용주파수의 변경($10GHz{\rightarrow}24GHz$), 안테나 및 송수신부 회로가 새롭게 설계 제작되었다. 이와 더불어 기존 홍수용 MWSCM 사용자들의 개선요구사항-기기 경량화, 유속 안정화, 자체점검기능, 저전력, 방수 및 방습-을 파악하여 반영함으로써 현장에서 유량을 측정하기에 용이한 기기로 개발하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2002

Fluorescent probes bound to DNA typically display nanosecond decay times and reveal only nanosecond motions. We extend the time range of measurable DNA dynamics using $[Ru(pby)_2(dppz)]^{2+}$ (bpy=2.2'-bipyridine, dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a2',3'-c]phenazine) (RuBD) which displays a mean lifetime near 90 ns. To test the usefulness of RuBD as a probe for diffusive processes in calf thymus DNA, we compared the efficiencies of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using three donors which display lifetimes near 5 ns for acridine orange (AO), 22 ns for ethidum bromide (EB) and 92 ns for RuBD, with nile blue (NB) as the acceptor. The F rster distances for AO-NB, EB-NB and RuBD-NB donor-acceptor pairs were 42.3, 52.3, and $30.6{\;}{\AA}$, respectively. All three donors showed dramatic decreases in fluorescence intensities and more rapid intensity decays with increasing NB concentrations. The intensity decays of AO and EB in the presence of varying concentrations of NB were satisfactorily described by the one-dimensional FRET model without diffusion (Blumen and Manz, 1979). In the case of the long-lifetime donor RuBD, the experimental phase and modulation somewhat deviated from the recovered values computed from this model. The recovered NB concentrations and FRET efficiencies from the model were slightly larger than the expected values, however, the recovered and expected values did not show a significant difference. Thus, it is suggested that the lifetime of RuBD is too short to measure diffusive processes in calf thymus DNA.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2024

This study analyzes the characteristics of sound-absorbing materials made from forest by-products of the deciduous tree species Zelkova serrata (Z. serrata) by evaluating their sound absorption performance. Accordingly, sound-absorbing materials with varying sample thicknesses, leaf sizes, and drying conditions were fabricated. The sound absorption properties were measured using the impedance tube method via middle-type measurement tube (100 Hz-3,200 Hz). The sound absorption properties were evaluated using the average sound absorption coefficient (ASAC), which was calculated from the measured sound absorption coefficients at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz. The ASAC value significantly improved as the leaf size increased to 0.5×0.5 cm², 1.0×1.0 cm², and 2.0×2.0 cm². The ASAC values under the two drying conditions were similar. There was no significant difference in ASAC according to the leaf size under the air-dried leaf condition, with a thickness of 2.50 cm. The highest ASAC value according to the sound-absorbing material thickness was 0.47 at a thickness of 2.50 cm and leaf size of 2.0×2.0 cm² under the air-dried leaf condition. In addition, the variation in ASAC was 0.23, indicating that the sound absorption performance according to leaf thickness was more significant than the difference in absorption properties according to leaf size. A sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of 0.4 or higher was observed across the measurable frequency band (100 Hz-3,200 Hz). Furthermore, the SAC values with respect to leaf size and thickness were close to 1 in the high-frequency range above 2,000 Hz. Therefore, it is considered that sound-absorbing materials using Z. serrata leaves are advantageous in the field of absorbing noise in a high-frequency band of 2,000 Hz or more, and it is better to manufacture a thickness of 2.50 and 2.0×2.0 cm².

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2015

홍수기 유량측정의 어려움을 극복하고자 물과 비접촉식으로 유속을 측정하여 유량을 산정하는 전자파표면유속계를 개발하여 실무에 적용하고 있다. 기존에 사용 중인 전자파표면유속계는 홍수용으로 연중 활용도가 낮아 이의 활용도를 높이고자 전자파표면유속계의 성능개선을 통하여 유속측정범위를 확장하여 평 갈수기에도 하천 유량측정이 적용할 수 있게 하였다. 즉 기존 홍수용 전자파표면유속계의 유속측정범위가 0.5~10.0m/s이었던 반면, 금번 개발된 고성능 범용 전자파표면유속계는 0.03~20.0m/s로 홍수기뿐만 아니라 평수기에 유속측정이 가능하도록 성능을 개선하였다. 전자파표면유속계를 이용한 저유속의 측정을 위해서 필요한 요소를 조사한 결과, 송신신호의 수신단 유입을 차단하여 저유속의 미세한 수신신호에 대한 검출능력을 향상할 수 있도록 송수신 격리도의 개선, 이와 함께 공진기의 위상잡음 특성개선이 저유속의 검출에 필수사항임을 파악하였다. 따라서 이를 감안하여 안테나의 송신부와 수신부가 분리된 안테나를 개발함으로써 송수신 격리도를 개선하였고, 기존 공진기의 위상잡음 특성을 개선하기 위하여 위상고정주파수합성기를 공진기로 적용함으로써 저유속 검출 성능을 개선하였다. 또한 고성능 범용 전자파표면 유속계의 사용편의성 증진을 위하여 안테나의 소형, 경량화 제작을 가능토록 하고자 사용주파수(10 GHz$\rightarrow$24GHz)를 변경하였다. 이와 더불어 기존 전자파표면유속계 사용자들의 개선요구사항-측정유속 안정화, 자체점검기능, 저전력, 방수 방습-을 반영함으로써 현장에서 유량측정하기에 간편한 기기로 개발하였다.