• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2004

The Common Criteria (CC) philosophy is to provide assurance based upon an evaluation of the IT product or system that is to be trusted. Evaluation has been the traditional means of providing assurance. It is essential that not only the customer' srequirements for software functionality should be satisfied but also the security requirements imposed on the software development should be effectively analyzed and implemented in contributing to the security objectives of customer's requirements. Unless suitable requirements are established at the start of the software development process, the resulting end product, however well engineered, may not meet the objectives of its anticipated consumers. By the security evaluation, customer can sure about the quality of the products or systems they will buy and operate. In this paper, we propose a selection guide for If products by showing relationship between security engineering and security evaluation and make help user and customer select appropriate products or system.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2011

Environment standards can be used as a foundation of environment administration (specific expression of political goals or quantitative evaluation standards of political effects). When environment adminstration improves severe air or water pollution rapidly, the environment standard can work effectively to show the goals specifically and clearly. The environment index which is designed to evaluate environment systems, should be established to express the environment system generally. To realize sustainable development, the sustainable indexes usually consisting of these three areas in that harmony of environment, economy and society are required. In this research, sustainable environmental indicators to understand the characteristics and to compare likes theme of environmental conditions in international and national level indicators, regional environmental management plan to promote the management by objectives are to provide the basic data. It is desirable for the environmental policies to work harmoniously with direct control, use of economic means and voluntary methods. Regarding the evaluation of environmental index, the action results of civilian's or individual's activities are needed to be reflected into the evaluation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.586-593
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• 2000

This paper describes a safety program plan of the LRT(Light Rail Transit) project. The SPP is a management document that describes the system safety objectives and how they will achieved so it embodies principles, methods and 1)lattices commonly used in the transit industry. In a Preliminary Hazard Analysis phase, the hazard analysis of collision and derailment is carried out. In this paper we make a definition of hazard that hazard is consist of an inner part(means a reliability) and an outer part(means a fire, flood and earthquake). Also safety principles for infrastructure, stations, electric traction system, railway control of system and train are performed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to inquire clinical meaning and characteristic of Eight extra meridians(奇經八脈) by researching building and progression of Eight extra meridians theory. Results : As a result of research of building and progression of Eight extra meridians(奇經八脈) theory, we can regard that the origin of Eight extra meridians was based on lower Danjeon(丹田) which was the root of Primordial energy and the origin of the Twelve meridians and collaterals(十二經脈) was based on Middle energizer which was the root of Acquired energy. On this, we could know that Eight extra meridians and the Twelve meridians and collaterals are based on Primordial energy and Acquired energy and function of Eight extra meridians and the Twelve meridians and collaterals are complement each other. So, we can say that considering the Twelve meridians and collaterals means that is valued on Acquired energy clinically, and considering Eight extra meridians means that is valued on Primordial energy in health preserving method (養生).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2018

This paper examines the relationship between diversification and financial performance of community credit unions in Korea from 2011 to 2017. To do so, I employ fixed-effects panel analyses using credit union level panel data collected from the National Credit Union Federation of Korea. This study finds evidence that business diversification is likely to lower the ratio of troubled loans, which means improving asset quality of credit unions. However, the relationship between diversification and asset quality is not linear but nonlinear, which means over-diversification would have negative effects on asset quality. Next, diversification tends to increase profitability. Specifically, although diversification results in a rise in expenditures, an increase in profits made by diversification outweighs the rise in expenditures, which contributes to profitability. Put together, diversification would be a good business strategy to improve both profitability and asset quality. Given a result that fast loan growth deteriorates asset quality, credit unions' managers might adopt the diversification strategy to enhance asset quality, and not to pursue their own objectives motivated by moral hazards.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 1975

In the past the pattern of business down-trend usually appeared in the form of, first, decrease in facility investment, then decrease in inventory level, followed by reduced level of consumption. But the pattern nowadays is becoming just the opposite, that is, first, consumption decrease, then inventory level increase, followed by restriction of facility investment. Also in the past, the greater effort was placed in strengthening of hardware areas through optimization and modernization of production means on the premise of sales. But lately software areas take most of the main effort to establish production mean with sales as its objective. Under these circumstances one of the real problems facing production activities today is the conflicting relationship between sales and production functions. This occurs due to differences of their view points. Then, in order to achieve maximum profit at the least cost, which is the ultimate objective of a production activity, the need arises to effectively coordinate sales demand and plant production capacity. For this purpose strong control means and function must be devised. In our case study example we illustrate a management technique for a combined planning function, of optimal coordination of product mixes utilizing a computerized linear programming model as control means of attaining maximum profit. It is hoped that this example help achieve some of corporate objectives.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the formation process of the 'The Spleen controls the blood(脾統血)' concept, to clarify what this concept means and the mechanism of its physiology. Methods : Contents including 'Controlling blood(統血)' and 'Binding blood(攝血)' were searched and analyzed in medical classics. Previous researches were applied. Results & Conclusions : The concept of 'Controlling blood' could be defined as the control of blood movement. This means that it sends blood to where it's needed, and inhibits flow from where it's excessive. 'The Spleen controls the blood' was not used as a physiologic term in early books like Huangdineijing(黃帝內經). It was first used in the 13C, then widely after the 16C. The mechanism of 'Controlling blood' could be classified as the function of 'Production', 'Distribution', and 'Adjustment' of blood. 'Production' of blood can reduce blood fever(血熱) and blood stasis(瘀血), and prevent bleeding. 'Distribution' of blood can reduce the symptoms raised by lack of blood in the five viscera and body. 'Adjustment' of blood means maintaining homeostasis and stability of the human body. Pi can adjust blood flow and prevent blood from being imbalanced.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2015

Objectives : Usually medical terminology of oriental mecidine has a multiple meaning. But concept of Shanghan(傷寒) should be simple, because Shanghanlun(傷寒論) is a clinical guideline book. So I researched to suggest many concept of Shanghan, which are suitable for each chapter of Shanghanlun. Methods : I enumerated provisions including Shnaghan from the original texts of Gangpyeong-Shanghanlun(康平傷寒論). And I translated and reviewed them. Results : 1. Shanghan of Preface(序文) means a disease of high fatality. 2. Shanghan of Shanghanrye(傷寒例) means diseases due to physical damage of cold weather. 3. Shanghan of Diagnosis of Daeyang Disease(辨大陽病) - Neck stiffness(痙), Dampness(濕), Sun stroke(暍) means certain disease names accompanying fever, chill. 4. Shanghan used in Diagnosis of Diseases is a premise of many provisions of Shanghanlun. And Shanghan is made up of finished fever, expected fever, chill, body pain, loss of appetite, image of tension. Conclusions : We can use a appropriate translation on Shanghan of each chapter of Gangpyeong-Sanghanlun. Especially Shanghan used in "Diagnosis of Diseases" should have more accurate meaning.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.115-145
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• 2015

Objectives : In Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), there are many uncertain terms to express body structures, for example, Yuk(肉, flesh). The purpose of this study is to define the meaning of Yuk(肉, flesh) and relevant terminologies. Methods : To define the meaning and origin of Yuk(肉) character and relevant terminologies, examples in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Seolmunhaeja(說文解字) and other important references are investigated. Results : Yuk(肉) character has etymologically meant meat, and afterwards it has got meaning of flesh. In the main two terms derived from Yuk, Giyuk(肌肉) means flesh, and Bunyuk(分肉) means muscles in anatomical knowledges. Also Yuk has been the most important etymological word that means body, among the five parts of body[五體], Geun(筋, tedndon and ligament), Maek(脈, blood vessel), Yuk(肉 flesh), Pi(皮, skin) and Gol(骨, bone) to contribute to making basic meanings of those characters. Conclusions : It is necessary to make clear the definitions of many Korean medical terminologies especially in anatomical knowledges to be helpful for systematic management of terminologies.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.841-850
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• 2004

This paper proposes a GA and GDM-based method for removing unnecessary rules and generating relevant rules from the fuzzy rules corresponding to several fuzzy partitions. The aim of proposed method is to find a minimum set of fuzzy rules that can correctly classify all the training patterns. When the fine fuzzy partition is used with conventional methods, the number of fuzzy rules has been enormous and the performance of fuzzy inference system became low. This paper presents the application of GA as a means of finding optimal solutions over fuzzy partitions. In each rule, the antecedent part is made up the membership functions of a fuzzy set, and the consequent part is made up of a real number. The membership functions and the number of fuzzy inference rules are tuned by means of the GA, while the real numbers in the consequent parts of the rules are tuned by means of the gradient descent method. It is shown that the proposed method has improved than the performance of conventional method in formulating and solving a combinatorial optimization problem that has two objectives: to maximize the number of correctly classified patterns and to minimize the number of fuzzy rules.