• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2012

PURPOSES : Traffic accidents at intersections have been increased annually so that it is required to examine the causations to reduce the accidents. However, the current existing accident models were developed mainly with non-linear regression models such as Poisson methods. These non-linear regression methods lack to reveal complicated causations for traffic accidents, though they are right choices to study randomness and non-linearity of accidents. Therefore, to reveal the complicated causations of traffic accidents, this study used structural equation methods(SEM). METHODS : SEM used in this study is a statistical technique for estimating causal relations using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. SEM allow exploratory modeling, meaning they are suited to theory development. The method is tested against the obtained measurement data to determine how well the model fits the data. Among the strengths of SEM is the ability to construct latent variables: variables which are not measured directly, but are estimated in the model from several measured variables. This allows the modeler to explicitly capture the unreliability of measurement in the model, which allows the structural relations between latent variables to be accurately estimated. RESULTS : The study results showed that causal factors could be grouped into 3. Factor 1 includes traffic variables, and Factor 2 contains turning traffic variables. Factor 3 consists of other road element variables such as speed limits or signal cycles. CONCLUSIONS : Non-linear regression models can be used to develop accident predictions models. However, they lack to estimate causal factors, because they select only few significant variables to raise the accuracy of the model performance. Compared to the regressions, SEM has merits to estimate causal factors affecting accidents, because it allows the structural relations between latent variables. Therefore, this study used SEM to estimate causal factors affecting accident at urban signalized intersections.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.297-325
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze content elements of Housing area in 2013 middle school Technology Home Economics textbooks 1 and 2, total of 22 according to 2009 revised curriculum. The analysis method was content analysis, focusing on contents of main text, tables & figures, reading material, and activity materials by their content elements. This research will contribute in obtaining suggestion for the post curriculum/textbook development and helping teachers to perform a lesson. The results are as follows. First, Housing area included 1 to 4 content elements per each units, from 2 chapters and 6 units. The content elements stated in Home economics curriculum were total of 16 which consists of 'the meaning of housing,' 'housing types,' 'family forms,' 'family life style cycle,' 'life style,' 'neighboring environment,' 'co-living values,' 'air environment,' 'heat environment,' 'light environment,' 'acoustic environment,' 'space division,' 'circulation', 'effective use of space,' and 'sustainable dwelling practice.' All of these components are dealt with in every textbooks. Second, the numbers of content elements provided in each textbooks were the same, however they showed difference in their contextual aspect. Some contents need supplemental material for their lacking content element. Others need proper understanding of the concept because some showed different contents from the appropriate content elements. Third, repetitions in content elements were observed, the contents of 'co-living values' in textbook 1 and 'sustainable dwelling practice' in textbook 2 were similar in terms of eco-friendly housing, co-housing and universal housing. These two content elements should be merged as one next curriculum, or should be stated together in one subunit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.189-205
• /
• 1996

This Study aims to show that hats are a form of plastic arts the ideal means which provides characteristics aura for the appearance of a per-son and expresses his personality. And analyizing the characteristics and function of the hat designs this study examines the formative aes-thetic of hats and tries to show the possibility of developing the modern hat design. For the purpose this study needs to consider these points: First on the basis of the study of the culture of clothes from the ancient to the modern the origin of hats and the process of changes in hats are examined. Secondly after analyizing of the formative aestheic of hats focussed on the form and tex-ture this study tries to explore. Thirdly the symbolic meaning of hats is stud-ied and then how it was applied to the modern hat design is considered. On the basis of these considerations the conclusions of this study are as follows: First we can see that all the basic shapes of hats were formed very early in the history and hats' shapes were transformed rather by the changer of the size decoration and proportion of hats than by that of hat's form itself. Secondly analyizing various works of hat designers by focussing on the aspects of the for-mative aesthetic this study can find that the formative aesthetic of hat design is very import-ant in changing silhouette of clothes and it has may possibilities of development to meet the modern sense. And lastly this study suggests that in apply-ing hats which had been symbolically used to the modern sense we should pay attention not to simply imitate them but to recreate the aes-thetic characteristics of hat designs so that we can develop the style of hats including both practical function and aesthetic element.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.16-30
• /
• 2002

This study tried to understand an ambiguous urban landscape through a relational context. Gongpyeong district, an urban renewal area in Seoul, was selected as the site of the case study because traditional and modern styles coexist in this district. The research method and processes are summarized as follows. First, the district, which has both a redeveloped environment and an inherent environment, was divided into Yin & Yang structures. Next, an effort was made to grasp the fundamental relational characteristics(external relationships) of each type through three aspects: physical environment, activities, and meaning. As a result, Yin characteristics were found in the redeveloped environment which has predominantly Yang characteristics. In many cases, advertising, which is a Yang element, was missing in the redeveloped area. On the other hand, in the inherent environment which has Yin characteristics in general, shabby appearances were evident in aspects beyond advertising, and Yang elements, were found from the viewpoint of the theory of place. On the basis of these results, new dualistic frameworks with respect to the functions were re-structured, and complementary characteristics (internal relationship) based on topological aspects were analyzed. Unlike the monotonous appearances found in large scale environments, a variety of spatial characteristics were found in the various small scale environments. This explains that the dualistic coexistence has made a contribution to the complementary attributes of urban landscape. This study has the following ramifications. Much research of urban landscapes that has used western methodology which employs analytic aspects. As a methodology of urban landscape research this study introduced Iching, which tries to understand phenomena in a relational context. In addition, this study expects that the profound understanding of urban environments and the detailed relationship through this framework will suggest a new approach to urban planning, design and management related to future urban environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to mate a basic foundation for the discourse of Koreanness of contemporary Korean landscape architecture by way of searching the conceptual definitions of Koreanness through analysis of Koreanness discourses. The results are that discourses of Koreanness are to be classified in aesthetics type, spatial-temporal type, and cultural type. Aesthetics type is understood as style in terms of formal and design representation planning principles of spatial composition and immanence in terms of philosophy. Spatial-temporal type is understood as contemporaneity. This is classified as the concept of connoting of tradition, and separating and keeping a distance from tradition. Cultural type is prescribed as cultural identity. This is classified as unity, generality and individuality. The intension of Koreanness of these types is represented as an aspect changing and shifting from one regulation to another regulation. First, in the concerns of substantial archetypes like Korean original form, decorative element, spatial composition aesthetic perception and philosophy, Koreanness shifts to the point of view of contemporaniety which is created and defined in history. Second, Koreanness as contemporaniety shows a trend of shifting the point of view which is to be found through the reconsideration on modem history and modernism. Third, Koreanness defined as cultural identity shows a trend to emphasize the differences in other cultures and includes all the modem cultural agents. The number of views understood as individuality and denial are small but provide important points. Programmatic definition of Koreanness is not suitable. This basic study uses a stipulative or operational definition of Koreanness in many ways such as spatial and regional identity. Koreanness study for Korean contemporary landscape architecture requires a systematic understanding of modernity and colonization relating to identity. Also, it is needed to elaborate on the discourse to divide the meaning of a concept of identity.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.53-70
• /
• 2016

There has been many researchs about "朱子家禮" providing the basic mannerism in Josun Dynasty era and influencing rituals to communicate ancestors. However, the arrangement of ritual has not been researched and understood as formality. In this study, the Yin, Yang and the five element theory was researched in the perspective of understanding in the universe order and ancient astronomy that provided the academic basic and idea in the era to understand the arrangement of the ritual, and based on this, the arrangement in "朱子家禮" was analysed. As a result, it was confirmed that the arrangement in ritual was made by the structure of symbol of Yin, Yang and five elements, which is the logic of order in universe people understood at that time. Through this, by understanding the meaning of the arrangement in ritual, the ritual culture would be properly understood and passed to next generation despite of changes in culture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2013

The Contemporary consumer society demands companies to emphasize more on the brand marketing that can deliver the brand identities distinguished from those of competing companies. In today's environment, the meaning of consumption is not only a simple purchase of a product, but also assimilation into images, experience and emotional aspects of the brand. The flagship stores of brands take the advantage of the tendency seriously and utilize the envelopes of the building as marketing catalysts to establish their brand identities. This paper aims to investigate the possibility of the architectural envelope as a marketing element to establish the brand identities, by analyzing the design techniques that enhance the visual effects utilizing innovative application of material, pattern and connection details. it is studied that the function of architectural envelope's change from past to recent date and role of architectural envelope as means of marketing for expression brand image in contemporary commerce space and elements that can be applied on architectural envelope with theoretical consideration about marketing and brand identity. Also this paper will research about experience elements because the process for consumers to recognize brand image with architecture is the process of visual experience. And through example research, this paper will study interrelationship between visual system of cognition to be expressed on architectural envelope.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.685-696
• /
• 2017

In the spatial image composition of a cathedral, light is the most important element of changing the mind through vision. The religious meaning of light and its impact on human sensibility are believed to be very large. Therefore, in this study, 'Illuminance' is the most important research subject of a cathedral's worship space lighting plan elements. Illuminance is expressed by giving the clarity and form of space through a subtle spatial composition difference. The role of illuminance is essential for confirming the existence of space, and lighting controls the spatial atmosphere at an appropriate level. The standard and range of illuminance are set through the synthesis and analysis of related standards. Based on this, a related case study was conducted on cathedrals built in the Gangnam area of Seoul in the 1980s. The lighting-related factors were analyzed and the illuminance of the liturgical space and worship area were measured. The appropriate level of applicability was confirmed by comparison analysis. A plan for the illuminance application levels and elements applied in the cathedral lighting design is proposed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2015

Starting the popularity of Korean dramas exported to China in 1996, the Korean wave started around the world market. Afterwards, as the Korean culture itself as well as dramas rapidly emerged as contents of the Korean market, the foreign direct sale consumers who want to buy Korean goods directly online are increasing at an alarming rate. This study each selected 4 domestic shopping malls and 4 foreign famous shopping malls which were conducting a global marketing currently and compared/researched them in the design aspect in order to apprehend if domestic online shopping malls were properly meeting the consumer environment of the foreign market. As a result, it was revealed that domestic online shopping malls conducting the global marketing could not fully understand the internet environment by countries and were going through a limit of the information delivery by SMS, and could not use the visual signs actively which were useful to the meaning delivery. Accordingly, this thesis suggested a plan to actively utilize the variable element considering various screens to the design, plan to efficiently design the text for solving the language problem by countries, and plan to design using the developing IT technology as a solution to those problems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2015

A Study on Problem of Impeachment Evidence in Criminal Proceedings for Employ by the Convergence Meaning of impeachment evidence in criminal proceedings is liking the spread of the branches moment. The first, there is to set limits of impeachment evidence. The amicable solution is to accept moving flexibly. In a concrete way must to make away with a constituent element unlawfulness. The second, problem a return to probative force exist. This problem agree in principle to resolve an issue for the testimony of an eyewitness. The third, how to admit that institution of criminal investigation after the testimony of an eyewitness exist. This attendant conditions are to eliminate illegality for the authenticity in he testimony of an eyewitness and for the observe due process. Therefore, we must observe due process without illegality to solve the problem for the convergence.