• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.350-358
• /
• 1997

We studied the effects of adding a single bolus(500 mg) of sodium thiopental to a continuous infusion of low-dose fentanyl on plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity(iBE) responses to cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in 28 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting or valve procedures. Thiopental was injected just prior to the initiation of CPB. The iBE levels and the hemodynamic indices such, as mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were measured before CPB, at 30 min and again at 60 min after the initiation of the bypass. The results were as follows. After the initiation of CPB, iBE levels increased at 30 min and 60 min(P=0.006, P=0.004 respectively) in the control group, but not in the thiopental group. There were significant differences in the changes of iBE levels between the groups(F=8.7, G-G=0.002, P=0.001). The hemodynamic indices were similar in both groups. In conclusion, pretreatment with thiopental just before the initiation of CPB prevents the stress-induced beta-endorphin response to CPB.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.115-132
• /
• 1969

The normal physiological values of Korean mongrel dogs were studied, comparing them with foreign references, on the basis of control physiological data measured on 110 cases out of the dogs submitted to the experiments in our department. The hemodynamic measurements varied widely between the both limits of reported normal control data, with the mean value of heart rate $140.4{\pm}26.6$/min., and both the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures $137.2{\pm}31.7$mmHg and $104.7{\pm}14.4$ mmHg, as well as the venous pressure of $9.11{\pm}2.18$ cm.$H_2O$. Hematologically, the number of red blood cells $4,571,000{\pm}767,000$per cu.mm., the amount of hemoglobin $11.57{\pm}3.74$ gm/dl and the hematocrit $37.3{\pm}7.2$ per cent, were equally the values a little lower than the reported normal means. However, the white blood cells were within the reported normal limits both in number, $10,384{\pm}4,877$ per cu. mm and their differential counts with slightly broader ranges of variation. The platelet count was $149,800{\pm}47,000 $per cu. mm and was also far below the normal, while the coagulation time $9.03{\pm}2.69$min. and the prothrombin time $13.17{\pm}6.52$sec were within normal limits, though a little prolonged. The serum electrolytes, Na $146.6{\pm}10.44$mEq/L.,K $4.46{\pm}0.84$mEq/L., CI $118.3{\pm}7.88$mEq/L. and Ca $11.45{\pm}5.62$mg./dl, and the blood glucose level of $94.9{\pm}31.79$mg./dl were essentially not different from the reported normal values. The serum proteins, total protein $7.15{\pm}1.41$gm/dl., albumin $4.09{\pm}0.77$gm./dl. and globulin $3.18{\pm}0.88$gm/dl. were included near the higher limits of the reported normal levels. The thymol turbidity 0.1-3.04 units were normal in 10 cases, and the cephaline flocculation was within normal range except 2 cases out of 26 dogs, showing two positive in 24 hours. And the nitrogen series, NPN $34.61{\pm}10.29$mg/dl. and BUN $12.77{\pm}6.37$mg./dl. were normal. It may be concluded that from the point of view of hereby measured physiological data compared with the foreign references, the Korean mongrel dogs have a compatible laboratory data with only the special regards to their tendency toward anemia in red blood cell series.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2012

In the present study, we investigated and compared the oxidant-antioxidant status of dogs undergoing open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ten male beagle dogs, 4-6 years old, weighing 7-12 kg were used. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to the type of surgical procedure; open (group 1, n = 5) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (group 2, n = 5). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rates were measured. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels for the evaluation of oxidative stress were measured. The ratio of the TOS to the TAS gave oxidative stress index (OSI), which is an indicator of the degree of oxidative stress. TOS, OSI and TAS levels were significantly changed after surgery in comparison to levels of before anesthesia. There were no significant different between groups. In the present study, we showed that oxidative stress parameters were found similar in dogs underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 2014

Patients with extreme anxiety who are unable to cope with dental treatment under non-pharmacological behavioral management method may require sedation, or other forms pharmacological behavioral management method. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of concomitant administration of 0.1 mg/kg intramuscular midazolam with or without sevoflurane insufflation sedation on sedation depth and cardiopulmonary function in pediatric patients. We analysed the records of anesthesia on patients who received dental treatment under deep sedation using sevoflurane insufflation from January 2013 to March 2014. Thirty-six children, aged 3 to 6 years, undergoing dental treatment were sedated using either sevoflurane insufflation alone (Group S, n = 18) or a combination of intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg/kg midazolam plus sevoflurane insufflation (Group SM, n = 18). Upon comparison, the average entropy value of group SM was lower than that of group S, but there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The average heart rate and mean arterial pressure of group SM were higher than those of group S (p < 0.05). Concomitant intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg/kg midazolam with sevoflurane insufflation sedation is not sufficient to enhance the quality of sedation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study analyzed the characteristics of stable pelvic bone fractures with intra-abdominal solid organ injury. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to December 2009 of patients with stable pelvic bone fractures. A stable pelvic bone fracture according to Young's classification is defined as a lateral compression type I and antero-posterior compression type I. Subjects were divided into two groups, one with (injured group) and one without (non-injured group) intra-abdominal solid organ injury, to evaluate the dependences of the characteristics on the presence of an intra-abdominal solid organ injury. Data including demographics, mechanism of injury, initial hemodynamic status, laboratory results, Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), amount of transfusion, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were analyzed. Results: The subjects were 128 patients with a mean age of 42 years old, of whom were 67 male patients (52.3%). The injured group had 21 patients(16.4%), and the most frequent injured solid organ was the liver. Traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury and lateral compression was the most common type of fracture in all groups. Initial systolic blood pressure was lower in the injured group, and the ISS was greater in the injured group. Arterial pH was lower in the injured group, and shock within 24 hours after arrival at the emergency department was more frequent in the injured group. Transfused packed red blood cells within 24 hours were 8 patients(38.1%) in the injured group and 11 patients(10.3%) in the non-injured group. Conservative treatment was the most common therapeutic modality in all groups. Stay in the ICU was longer in the injured group, and three mortalities occurred. Conclusion: There is a need to decide on a diagnostic and therapeutic plan regarding the possibility of intra-abdominal solid organ injury for hemodynamically unstable patients with stable pelvic bone fractures and for patients with stable pelvic bone fractures along with multiple associated injuries.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.338-342
• /
• 1994

Pulmonary clearance of Tc-99m-DTPA(PCD) has been used for the measurement of polmonary epithelial permeability. It has been reported to be increased not only in variety of polmonary diseases including ARDS, interstitial fibrosis, and smokers, but also in normal subjects on positive end expiratory pressure respirator, or after exercise. It was also noted that decrease of pulmonary blood flow due to pulmonary arterial obstruction results in delayed PCD. Normal range of PCD varies with institutes. We prospectively measured PCD in 17 normals (5 males and 12 females) consisted of staffs and trainees in the department of radiology of Kangnam St. Mary's hospital using original Bark Nebulizer (India). Age ranged from 32 to 43 years. 370 MBq of Tc-99m-DTPA was inhaled in supine position and supine posterior images were subsequently obtained with 1 min/frame, $64{\times}64$ matrix and word mode for 30min. Regions of interest were set on each lung, whole lungs, and upper, middle and lower thirds of right lung, respectively. Best fit regression curve was obtained by least square method from initial 7min after peak activity on each curve and time for half clearance of maximum activity (t1/2) was calculated. Mean t1/2 was $51{\pm}11.2min$ for whole lung. There was no significant difference between t1/ 2 of right and left lungs. Initial uptake was higher in the lower third and t1/2 was shorter in the lower third than in the upper third(P<0.05). We reviewed several reports on PCD and compared our data with the others. In this study, faster clearance in the lower third may be due to the position imaged with or the environment the subjects belong to, and further investigation is under way.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.3434-3443
• /
• 2009

This study was done to examine patients' wound care knowledge and concerns prior to discharge from a tertiary hospital. The participants in this descriptive survey were 112 patients having wounds. During interview, a structured self-administered questionnaire was filled out. The participants were 71 males and 41 females. Wound types were surgical incision (52.7%), percutaneous wound (26.8%), pressure ulcer (9.8%) and diabetic foot and arterial ulcers (5.4%). Their wound care knowledge was 52.0% of correct answer and the mean of concerns (range 1-7) was 2.79. There was no significant correlation between their knowledge and concerns of wound care. The factors influence on wound care concerns were fear of wound care, wound pain, length of hospital stays, and perceived health condition. This findings showed that discharge patients with a wound had some incorrect knowledge and various concerns about wound care. They may help to direct patient teaching in discharge plan.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.697-703
• /
• 2002

We investigated that the role of nitric oxide (NO) on ischemic rats in brain and heart. Ischemia was induced by both common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion for 24h following reperfusion. Then tissue samples were removed and measured NOx. In brain, NOx was increased by about 40% vs. normal and it was significantly inhibited by aminoguanidine, selective iNOS inhibitor. This result showed that NOx concentration was increased by iNOS. We investigated the role of $Ca^{2+}$ during ischemia. Nimodipine, L-type calcium channel blocker, didn't inhibit the increases of NOx concentration during ischemia. It suggested that increased NOx was due to calcium-independent NOS. MK-801, which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, didn't significantly prevent the increases of NOx. In heart, ischemia caused NOx decrease and it is inconsistent with NOx increase in brain. Aminoguanidine and nimodipine didnt affect on NOx decrease. But MK-801 more lowered NOx concentration than those of ischemia control group. It seemed that $Ca^{2+}$ influx in heart partially occurred via NMDA receptor and inhibited by NMDA receptor antagonist. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in ischemic rats after 24h of CCA occlusion was decreased when compared to normal value, whereas the heart rates (HR) was not different between two groups. Aminoguanidine or MK801 had no effect on MAP or HR, but nimodipine reduced MAP. There was no difference the effects of aminoguanidine, nimodipine, or MK-801, on MAP and HR between normal rats and ischemic rats. In summary, ischemic model caused an increase of NOx concentration, suggesting that this may be produced via iNOS, which is calcium independent in brain. However in heart, ischemia decreased NOx concentration and NMDA receptor was partially involved. The basal MAP was decreased in ischemic rats but HR was not different from normal control, suggesting that increased NOx in brain of ischemic rat may result in the hypotension.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.540-545
• /
• 2010

Changes of electroencephalogram (EEG), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate under surgical anesthesia were investigated in medetomidine (MED) and tiletamine/zolazepam (ZT)-anesthetized dogs. To determine the level of surgical anesthesia, pedal withdrawal reflex was regularly tested after ZT injection. The first time point without pain response was regarded as the beginning of surgical anesthesia (SSA). After SSA, the first time point showing positive pain response was considered the end of surgical anesthesia (ESA). Comparing the control, an additional significant decrease of ${\delta}2$ and ${\alpha}2$ was observed at SSA. Comparing the control, ${\delta}2$ was significantly decreased at ESA. Significant reductions of MAP were observed at pre-ESA and ESA. Heart rate significantly decreased in all stages. These results suggest that ${\delta}2$ band power is a valuable parameter for correlating surgical anesthesia in dogs anesthetized with MED and ZT.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.616-627
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone and medetomidine/midazolam as preanesthetics and their combinations with antagonists in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Eight clinically healthy dogs($4.54{\pm}2.16kg$) were used at the interval of more than 14 days between experiments in turn for propionyl promazine(PP 0.3mg/kg, IM), xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone(XFA 2mg/kg, 0.0137mg/kg, 0.11mg/kg, IM), medetomidine/midazolam(MM 0.02mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, IM), combination of XFA and their antagonists (yohimbine 0.05mg/kg, naloxon 0.0005mg/kg, IV) and combination of MM and their antagonist(atipamezole 0.08mg/kg IM). The sedation induction times in XFA($2.56{\pm}1.01min$) and MM($5.44{\pm}2.07min$) groups were significantly better than that of PP group($10.75{\pm}2.38min$)(p < 0.05). The thiopental sodium dose required for tracheal intubation in XFA($2.38{\pm}3.38mg/kg$) and MM($3.91{\pm}3.47mg/kg$) groups were significantly less than that of PP group($12.57{\pm}2.13mg/kg$)(p < 0.05). All time indices expressing the recovery(pedal reflex recurrence time, extubation time, arousal time, standing time and walking time) were significantly shorter in the combination groups of XFA or MM with their antagonists than in PP, XFA and MM groups(p < 0.05). The suppressions of cardiovascular function of XFA and MM were more than that of PP. Heart rate and cardiac output were recovered by the antagonists of XFA and MM, but mean arterial pressure were not recovered by the antagonists. PP induced apnea in 4 out of 8 dogs, but XFA in none and MM in one. The present study suggested that for rapid sedation, prevention of apnea after intubation and rapid recovery after halothane cessation, combinations of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone or medetomidine/midazolam with their antagonists are recommendable as preanesthetic method in gas anesthetised dogs with normal cardiovascular function.