• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 1992

The ecdysteroid titers of representive developmental stages of the blackblow fly, Phormia regina, were determined by radioimmunoassay and the effect of ecdysteroid on the oocyte maturation was investigated. Prior to every molts ecdysteroid levels began to increase sharply, suggesting ecdysteroid was the major component for egg-larval, larval-larval, and larval-pupal transformation. A difference in the levels of ecdysteroid between male and female was ob¬served during adult life span. Following the protein meal, ecdysteroid in the females increased rapidly to a maximum at 96 hr of age when terminal oocyte fully matured. Effect of ecdysteroid on oocyte development was determined for control and ecdysone-treated female flies after the liver-feeding. The growth of oocyte in the flies treated by $\mu$g of ecdysone, along with the control flies, was not facilitated. When the flies treated by 5 $\mu$g of ecdysone, however, duration of oocyte maturation was shorter than those of other two groups. This can be suggested that oocyte development in P. regina is due to the critical level of ecdysone.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.562-574
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• 2006

The study compared eating and physical activity related behaviors and self-esteem between healthy weight and obese children by presenting 175 primary school students in Busan City and Gyeongsang province with a self-reported questionnaire and Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory. The questionnaire was composed of 25 items, weighted primarily by a Likert scale. The self-esteem inventory presented to the students comprised 25 'Yes' or 'No' response questions to different statements. The study found obese children were more likely to think they always had to control their weight (p=0.000), reportedly measuring their weights significantly more than the healthy weight children. Also the study found that obese children are significantly more likely than healthy weight children to go on a diet, however neither group were successful in losing weight as the duration of the diet in 79.5% of the total sample lasted no longer than one week. In comparison to healthy weight children, obese children reported that they consumed fewer snacks during the day, avoided snacking subsequent to an evening meal and exercised more frequently for as long as physically possible. Interestingly, we found no difference of reported self-esteem between groups, though the obese group were more likely to answer that their parents did not understand them (p=0.055) Based on these findings, we concluded that the obese children who participated in the study were more aware of their body weights than the healthy weights children. It may be necessary to investigate further the relationship between self-esteem and participants' weights while considering other variables such as personality and body image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.652-660
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors among high school students by gender. The subjects were 275 students (127 male, 148 female) in Incheon metropolitan area. Self-administered questionnaires consisted of general characteristics and anthropometric data, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors. The average score of nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in female subjects (9.4) compared to male subjects (8.2) (p<0.01). Male subjects had a higher score for dietary attitudes than female subjects (p<0.001). Frequency of meals was significantly higher in male subjects compared to female subjects (p<0.05). Duration of meal time in male subjects was significantly higher ('5-10 minutes') compared to female subjects (p<0.001). Unbalanced diet was significantly higher in female subjects (66.3%) compared to male subjects (48.9%) (p<0.01). Male subjects showed significantly higher consumption frequency of 'dairy' (p<0.001) and 'beans' (p<0.001) compared to female subjects. For snack consumption, male subjects showed higher consumption frequency of 'nuts' (p<0.001), 'soda' (p<0.05), 'fast foods' (p<0.001), and 'ramyeon' (p<0.01), but lower consumption frequency of 'biscuits and bakery' (p<0.01) compared to female subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a systemic nutrition education program for high school students by gender.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2021

Objectives: This study sought to assess the prevalence and duration of weight-control or health functional food use, associated weight-control behavior, perception, and knowledge among university students. Methods: The subjects were 442 university students in Cheonju, Korea, and data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Both χ2 and t-tests were conducted for categorical and mean comparisons. Results: An estimated 62.7% (female 69.0%, male 54.8%) had ever attempted weight-control. Among these, an estimated 59.2% of females and 38.9% of males had used weight-control or health functional foods with significant gender difference. The weight-control foods commonly used included chicken breast, protein powder, low-fat milk and soymilk, and meal replacement drinks, while garcinia cambogia extract and green tea extract were frequently used as health functional foods. One of 10 (10.3%) consumers of weight-control foods reported ≥ 7 months use, with less frequent long-term consumption of health functional foods (4.2%). The average degree of satisfaction was 3.24 ± 0.92 for weight-control foods and 2.72 ± 0.97 for health functional foods on a 5-point scale, meaning 'slightly satisfied' and 'slightly dissatisfied', respectively. Females or students with an experience of weight-control reported poorer perceptions of their health and body image as well as a higher need for weight control. Besides, both male and female subjects felt a high need for correct information regarding weight-control methods. Conclusions: Our results provide a better understanding of the characteristics associated with the use of weight-control or health functional foods among university students and will be useful in developing a nutrition education program by incorporating correct body image, knowledge, and practical yet desirable practices for weight control.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase globally. Changes in eating habits, lack of exercise, increased stress, and aging are major contributors. Glycemic control is the key strategy of diabetes management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of nutrition labels and related factors among patients with diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. General, health-related, diabetes-related characteristics from 1,587 adults with diabetes history were included. Nutrition label utilization was assessed with awareness and use of nutrition labels and effects on food choice. For statistical analyses, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of awareness, use, and effects of nutrition labels on food choice among diabetic patients were 48.8%, 11.4%, and 9.6%, respectively. High monthly income, walking frequency, family history of diabetes, younger age at diagnosis, and shorter duration of diabetes were associated with higher nutrition label awareness. Nutrition label use and effect on food choice were higher in women, those with high monthly income, those diagnosed at younger than 45 yrs, those with diabetes for less than 10 yrs, those with meal therapy, or patients who had undergone a fundus examination. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition label utilization status was low in Korean patients with diabetes. Strategies are needed to promote nutrition label use as a diet management tool for patients with diabetes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2009

Ninety six intact male sheep (12 months old with mean live weight of about 35 kg) were used to assess the effects of restricted feeding on intake, digestion, nitrogen balance and metabolizable energy (ME). The animals were selected from two known Iranian small and large body size breeds: 48 Sangsari (S) and 48 Afshari (A), and were divided into two equal groups: restricted (R) and a control (C). Each group had 48 sheep (24 each breed). The experiment had a duration of 15 and 75 days adaptation and treatment periods, respectively. The animals were individually placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on pelleted concentrate mixture consisting of alfalfa, barley grain, cottonseed meal and barley straw. The animals in group C were fed ad libitum, while animals in group R were fed at maintenance level and maintained a relatively constant live weight. During the experiment, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of S and A animals in R group was 0.34 and -0.25 g/d (0.02 and -0.02 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. While that of S and A animals in C group was 174.4 and 194.4 g/d (10.16 and 11.48 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. Nitrogen (N) was determined by both measured and regression methods. Animals of R group stayed at about zero N balance (0.01 and -0.00 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A animals, respectively). The N retention of animals of both S and A breeds in C group were similar (0.45 and 0.46 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$, respectively). Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) were measured by both constant weight technique and regression method by regressing N balance on DOMI and ME intake on ADG. The measured DOMI during constant weight was 24.61 and 24.27 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated DOMI from regression equation was 24.24 and 24.22 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$, for S and A animals, respectively. The measured MEm was 402 and 401 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated MEm from regression analysis was 398 and 400 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A breeds, respectively. There were no significant differences between both measured and regression techniques. There was no significant difference between S and A breeds for DOMI, N retention, MEm, digestibility and metabolizability values. Digestibility values for OM, GE and CP and metabolizability were significantly (p<0.05) higher in restricted feeding sheep compared with that of sheep fed ad libitum.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2005

The study aimed to perform the qualitative analysis of food and nutrition informations offered in TV program by monitoring newscastings, health-related programs giving food and nutrition information, dramas for family, education programs for children, and information programs for elderly in major TV broadcasting station(KBS, MBC, SBS, EBS). In this study, statistical analysis were done for numbers of information items related to health or food and nutrition informations. Duration of program the main, subject, sources, evaluation criteria of the contents. Results of qualitative monitoring for TV program are as follows. For health-related informations major propotions of subjects for the newscastings were about diseases. Those for health information programs were about foods. Those for children-education programs were about groceries. Those for seniors’ information programs were about eating habits. The analysis of food and nutrition information sources for most of programs were interviews with specialist and normal person, and on-the-spot-investingations. For food and nutrition informations those were evaluated as inappropriate, the propotion of news was increased to 72.2% in 2003 from 49.3% in 2002. For health information programs, it was increased to 67.7% in 2003 from 54.0% in 2002. But, in drama the propotion of inappropriate scenes were decreased to 16.2% in 2003 from 63.2% in 2002. In children-education programs, it was 40.0%. In seniors’ information programs, it was 17.9% in 2002. The propotion of cases that the quantity of foods is inappropriate in the food scene of serial drama, decreased to 15.8% in 2003 from 28.6% in 2002. The rate of drinking scenes increased to 11.5% from 10.7%. The rate of smoking scenes decreased to 0.2% from 1.6% due to the broadcasting self-regulation of smoking scenes in dramas. In the newscatings and information programs, reasons of being evaluated as inappropriate was that they didn’t have any practical suggestions and proper intakes. There were also insufficient explanation for technical terminology, different comparison standard of nutritive value, and exaggeration for physiological effect of food. The drama contained a lot of unnecessary scenes of alcohol drinking, coffee drinking, midnight meal, and had more quantity of foods than the quantity needed for persons to the scene. As the result of this study, the rate of food and nutrition information were high, but the rate of information which was evaluate as appropriate was not sufficient. There are need to improve contents of information and to moniter the contents for consumer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

To provide data necessary for effectively applying the HACCP system by understanding the current application condition of HACCP system and satisfaction level of the dietician in elementary schools, a mail-in survey was conducted on dieticians serving for 227 elementary schools applying HACCP system in Kyungsangbuk-Do since November 1, 2001 to December 20, 2001. 83.5% of the subjected schools were conducting more than 50% of HACCP cooking process management, and the level of cooking process management displayed significant relevance according to the number of dieticians serving the school meals. The area that was not well conducted in the field of HACCP system was proven to be water examination(94.0%), inspection on self-sanitation of cooks prior to cooking(90.6%), and maintenance of dry kitchen floor(l4.8%). The reason why the above areas are not well conducted was because of lack of time due to over workloads. Subjective dieticians had pointed out improvement of sanitary concept(58.1%) and improvement of self-sanitation (28.8%) as benefits of applying HACCP. 21.2% of the subjective dieticians were satisfied with application HACCP and 35.2% were dissatisfied with applying HACCP. In case of which the duration of applying the HACCP was longer than one year and in case of higher rate of HACCP cooking process management and longer work experience of the dieticians, the level of satisfaction was proven to be significantly higher. The most difficult things to follow in important management categories according to the features of dietitian work and work experience were food distribution of CCP7 step and maintenance of optimum temperature(70.7%). Subjective dieticians had pointed out insufficient facility or environment and lack of inspection equipments in order regarding problems of applying HACCP. Also in the level of necessity of improvement categories in applying HACCP, dieticians had replied that facility and equipment improvement was mostly needed. Due to the induction of HACCP system in school meals, comparatively well cooking process management is being conducted, and I believe it could contribute in securing safety and quality improvement of school meal by improving the sanitation concept of the dieticians. However, the satisfaction level of dieticians are rather low and there are many difficulties in maintaining optimum temperature in the process of food distribution and transportation process. Also, lack of facilities and environment, lack of inspection equipments and etc are pointed out as problems of inducing HACCP. Thus, to settle HACCP system, it is believed that brave investment must be preceded.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2000

The objective was to determine the relationship between feed intake levels and patterns, and growth performance and body composition of barrows and gilts using automatic feed intake recording equipment (F.I.R.E.). This system records the time of visits to the feeder and the duration and size of meals for individual animals housed in groups. Ninety-six crossbred pigs were grown from $33.4{\pm}0.51$ to $109.7{\pm}1.39kg$ live weight over a 13-week period. Eight mixed-sex groups of 12 pigs were used and 4 dietary treatments were compared giving 2 pens per treatment. The dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal diets with differing protein levels which ranged from 14.7% to 19% between 30 to 55 kg, from 13.3% to 16.9% between 56 and 85 kg, and from 12.3% to 16.8% for the remainder of the study. Animals were ultrasonically scanned to measure loin-eye area and backfat thickness to estimate carcass fat-free lean content at the beginning and end of the study. Barrows had higher daily feed intake than gilts (2.67 vs. 2.46 kg resp. p<0.05) which was the result of a longer feeder occupation time per visit (4.77 vs. 4.54 min, resp. p<0.05), higher feed consumption rates (30.4 vs. 29.0 g/min, resp. p<0.05), and higher feed intakes per visit (136.9 vs. 126.8 g, resp. p<0.01). Gilts had less backfat and greater loin-eye area than barrows (p<0.05). Diet had no significant effect on growth performance and had limited impact on feeding patterns. Body weight showed high correlations with ADG (r=0.74), feed intake per visit (r=0.51) and feed consumption rate (r=0.69). Positive correlation were also found between daily feed intake and feed intake per visit (r=0.45), feeder occupation time per day (r=0.56), and feed consumption rate (r=0.55), and between daily feed intake and backfat thickness (r=0.32) and feed consumption rate and loin-eye area (r=0.32). There were negative correlations between number of feeder visit per day and daily feed intake (r=-0.54), and between feed intake per visit and number of feeder visits per day (r=-0.43). However, correlations between feed intake traits and carcass traits were generally low. Visits to the feeder were greatest during the morning (0700 to 1100 h) and lowest during the evening and nighttime. These results highlight limited variation among the sexes in feeding patterns and suggest important relationships between feeding behavior and feed intake.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2008

Purpose: $^{18}F$-FDG PET is to evaluate the tumor using glucose metabolism. Blood Glucose Level (BGL) is important factor that affects on a result of examination. But it often appears the distort result on diabetic patient due to a failure of BGL control. The aim of this study is to make a effective guideline for diabetic patient prescribed $^{18}F$-FDG PET and improve accuracy and reliability of examination. Materials and methods: A subject of study is 69 diabetic patients and divided them into 3 groups; 1) BGL is less than 120 mg/dl & performed PET, 2) BGL is over than 120 mg/dl & performed PET, 3) BGL is over than 120 mg/dl & not performed PET. And we investigated the type of diabetic medications and the time of dosage, whether they have meal or not. And we analyzed SUV of liver and mediastinum to recognize the effect of BGL on PET images. Results: As a methods to diabetic control, Amalyl showed high percentage of 27.5% in oral medication and Humulin R showed 14.5% in insulin. Their peak time was 2-3 hrs, 2-4 hrs and duration time was 24 hrs, 5-7 hrs. The number of that had a breakfast was 16, 7 mens (43.8%) couldn't perform PET as over 120 mg/dl and 5 mens (31.3%) performed PET as less than 120 mg/dl after they took a medication. When we set the SUV of normal for 1.5-2.0, 1.0-1.5 on liver and mediastinum, the percentage out of the range was 31.8%, 52.9%, 62.5% in 120-139 mg/dl, 140-159 mg/dl, 160-200 mg/dl respectively. Conclusions: We completed standardized guideline for diabetic patients. As a result of this study, improved customer satisfaction and increased economic benefits. It is expect to be a effective model in other PET centers.