• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2012

본 실험은 대사 에너지와 조단백질 수준이 토종오리의 생산성 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 육성 전기는 토종오리 828수를 9개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였고, 육성 후기는 육성 전기를 거친 토종오리 중 720수를 9개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기의 실험 사료는 ME 3,000, 2,900 및 2,800 kcal/kg, CP 23, 22 및 21%이었으며, 육성 후기에는 ME 3,100, 3,000 및 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 19, 18 및 17%로 처리하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기 실험 결과는 CP 수준이 증가함에 따라 체중, 증체량 및 사료 요구율이 유의적으로 개선되었지만(Linear effect, P<0.01), ME 수준과 $ME{\times}CP$ interaction에 의한 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 균일도는 ME, CP 수준과 $ME{\times}CP$ interaction 모두에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 육성 후기 실험 결과는 체중, 섭취량, 증체량, 사료 요구율 및 균일도에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, 도체율에서는 ME 3,000 kcal/kg에서 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났으며(Quadratic effect, P<0.01), ME와 CP의 수준이 증가함에 따라 간의 상대적 중량이 유의적으로 각각 작아지는 결과(Linear effect, P<0.01)가 나타났다. 가슴육, 넓적다리 및 북채의 상대적 중량에서는 수준간 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 토종오리 고기의 화학 및 물리적 특성인 육색, pH, 가열 감량 및 전단력가에서는 ME 및 CP 수준과 $ME{\times}CP$ interaction 모두에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2013

Tributyltin hydride ($n-Bu_3SnH$), an endocrine disruptor, was slowly polymerized by the group 4 ${Cp^{\prime}}_2TiCl_2/N$-selectride (Cp' = $C_5H_5$, Cp; $Me-C_5H_4$, Me-Cp; $Me_5C_5$, $Cp^*$) catalyst combination to give two phases of products: one is an insoluble cross-linked solid, polystannane in 3-25% yield as minor product via disproportionation/dehydrocoupling combination process, and the other is an oil, hexabutyldistannane in 65-90% yield as major product via simple dehydrocoupling process. Disproportionation/dehydrocoupling process first produced a low-molecular-weight oligostannane possessing partial backbone Sn-H bonds which then underwent an extensive cross-linking reaction of backbone Sn-H bonds, resulting in the formation of an insoluble polystannane. The disproportionation/dehydrocoupling of a tertiary hydrostannane mediated by early transition metallocene/inorganic hydride is quite unusual and applicable.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.639-644
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• 1997

톨루엔 용매중에서 Cp*Ru(CO)Cl2(2, Cp*=η5-C5Me5)과 CO를 반응시켜 상자기성의 3가 카르보닐루테늄착물 [Cp*Ru(CO)Cl2](2)를 합성하였다. 자기화율의 측정으로부터 얻어진 착물(2)의 유효자기모멘트 값은 1.81 B. M.으로 이는 분자내 짝을 이루지 않는 전자가 1개 있는 경우와 거의 일치하였다. 착물(2)는 톨루엔 용매중에서 KBr과의 반응에 의해 3가의 디브로모루테늄착물 Cp*Ru(CO)Br2(3)으로 변환되었고, 톨루엔 용매중에서 포스핀과의 반응에 의해서는 반자기성인 2가 루테늄착물 Cp*Ru(CO)(PR3)Cl (4a∼4e, PR3=PMe3, PEt3, PMePh2, PPh3, PCy3)로 쉽게 환원되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1629-1634
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• 2008

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets with constant metabolizable energy to crude protein (ME:CP) ratio on growth, body composition and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks from 1 to 26 days of age. Four dietary treatments having four levels of CP and ME as 23, 22, 21 and 20% and 3,036, 2,904, 2,772 and 2,640 kcal/kg, respectively, were formulated and a ME:CP ratio of 132 was maintained in all the diets. Digestible lysine was maintained at 1.10 of the diet. A total of 1,760 day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were randomly divided into 16 experimental units and each diet was offered to four experimental units at random. Feed intake was increased (p<0.05) while weight gain and feed conversion ratio were adversely affected (p<0.05) when the diets with low CP and ME were fed to broilers. Total protein intake and total ME intake were linearly decreased (p<0.05) and protein efficiency ratio and energy efficiency ratio were lower (p<0.05) than in the chicks fed dietary regimen with 22% CP and 2,904 kcal/kg ME. The whole body analysis of the birds revealed that chicks fed the lowest dietary regimens retained less (p<0.05) nitrogen and more ether extract than chicks fed the control diet, however, body dry matter, total body ash and fat free body protein were not affected. Similarly, protein and energy utilization were also unaffected by the dietary treatments. In summary, chicks fed low CP diets with constant ME:CP ratio grew slower, used feed less efficiently and retained less protein and more body fat than chicks fed the control diet.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

Emission of methyl bromide (MeBr) from soil was implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. To determine multi analysis of alternatives fumigants for MeBr, this paper describes the methods of analysis in water and soil. The MeBr, methyl iodide (Mel), propargyl bromide (PBr), cis 1,3-dichloropropene (cis 1,3-D), trans 1,3-dichloropropene (trans 1,3-D) and chloropicrin(CP) are separated on the base line on GC-ECD at three column of AT+DB+DB (90m) with temperature programing of $35^{\circ}C{\rightarrow}110^{\circ}C$ on GC-ECD. The relative retention time for MeBr, Mel, PBr, cis 1,3-D, trans 1,3-D and CP is 1.0, 1.4, 2.3, 3.2, 3.6 and 3.7, respertively. The detection limit for MeBr, Mel, PBr, cis 1,3-D, trans 1,3-D and CP is 469 pg, 5 pg, 21 pg, 79 pg, 101 PE and 5pg, respectively. Recovery of MeBr Mel, PBr, cis 1,3-D, trans 1,3-D and CP in water added 150 ppm fumigants were 81%, 96%, 95%, 97%, 98% and 99%, respectively. Recovery of MeBr, MeI, PBr, cis 1, 3-D, trans 1,3-D and CP in soil added 150ppm fumigants were 56%, 84%), 85%, 81%, 87% and 88%, respectively.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

본 연구는 교잡육용계에서 최적 수준의 유기 사료 영양소 함량을 구명하고자 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 다른 사료 급여가 육색육용계의 생산성, 혈액 성상 및 계육 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시동물은 0, 6, 11 주령 유색육용계를 사용하였다. 시험 사료의 에너지 및 단백질 수준은 0~5주에 ME 3,000, 3,050, 3,100 kcal/kg, CP 21, 22%, 6~10주는 ME 3,050, 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg, CP 19, 20%, 11~15주는 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg, CP 17, 18%로 하였다. 처리구는 0~5, 6~10주에 $2{\times}3$ factorial design으로 총 6개 처리구 이고 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 20수씩, 11~15주는 $2{\times}2$ factorial design이며, 총 4개 처리구, 3반복, 반복당 28수씩 배치하였다. 0~5주의 증체량은 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 사료 섭취량은 에너지 수준이 높을수록 현저하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 사료 요구율은 ME 3,100 처리구가 ME 3,000, 3,050 처리구보다 통계적으로 감소하였고 단백질은 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않았다(P<0.05). 6~10주간 증체량, 사료 섭취량은 에너지 수준이 높을수록 각각 증가 및 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 사료 요구율은 ME 3,100, 3,150 처리구가 ME 3,050 처리구보다 유의하게 감소되었고, 단백질 처리구들은 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않았다(P<0.05). 11~15주간 증체량, 사료 섭취량은 에너지가 높고 단백질이 낮은 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 사료 요구율은 ME 3,150 처리구가 ME 3,000 처리구보다 두드러지게 감소하였고, CP 처리구는 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 각 기간별 생산성에 대한 에너지 및 단백질 간 교호 작용은 나타내지 않았다. 혈액 성상 및 계육 품질은 에너지와 단백질 수준에 따른 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없으며 교호 작용도 없었다. 따라서 0~5주 사료의 에너지 수준은 3,100 kcal/kg, 단백질은 21%, 6~10주는 ME 3,100 혹은 3,150 kcal/kg, CP 19%이고 후기 사료의 에너지 및 단백질 수준은 혹서기에 영향을 받아 적정 수준을 정할 수 없다. 본 연구 결과는 사양 기간별 수행한 결과이므로 0~15주간 수행하는 추가 시험이 필요하다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.462-466
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• 1998

The homobimetallic anion, $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2Mn(CO)_5-M^+\; (M^+=Na^+, PPN^+$) was disrupted by $PR_3\;(R=C_6H_5,\;C_2H_5,\;OCH_3)$ in THF at various temperatures (r.t. ∼65℃) under the pseudo first order reaction conditions where excess of $PR_3$ was employed under a nitrogen atmosphere. For the reaction involving $PPN^+$ analog, Mn-Mn heterolytic cleavage occurred, leading to $PPN^+Mn(CO)_5^-\; and \;({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2PR_3$ as products; however, in case of $Na^+\; analog,\; Na^+$ seems to play a novel counter ion effect on the disruption reaction by transferring one terminal CO from the $Mn(CO)_5$ moiety on to the $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2$ of the corresponding homobimetallic complex, eventually resulting in $Na^+Mn(CO)_4PR_3^-\;and\;({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_3$. This reaction is of overall first order with respect to [homobimetallic complex] with the activation parameters (ΔH≠=23.0±0.7 kcal/mol, ΔS≠= - 8.7±0.8 e.u. for $Na^+$ analog; ΔH≠=28.8±0.4 kcal/mol, ΔS≠=15.7±0.6 e.u. for $PPN^+$ analog reaction).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2017

To obtain the immunomodulating polysaccharide from chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus sclerotia, IO), crude polysac- charide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP, respectively) prepared from hot-water extract (IO-W) of I. obliquus by EtOH precipitation after MeOH reflux or not. After IO-W was re-dissolved in water followed by EtOH addition in the case without MeOH reflux, EtOH mixture was fractionated into EtOH-soluble (IO-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-CP). In the meanwhile, MeOH-soluble fraction (IO-M) was separated from IO-W after MeOH reflux. The residue was dissolved in water and was added by EtOH, and then EtOH mixture was also fractionation into EtOH-soluble (IO-M-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-M-CP). As a result of the macrophage stimulating activity of these fractions, IO-CP and IO-M-CP showed significantly increased cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W. Particularly, IO-M-CP promotes the production of IL-12 more than IO-CP. In the splenocytes proliferating activity and intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch, both of 2 crude polysaccharide fractions were significantly promoted in cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W, and IO-M-CP was more potent than IO-CP in IL-2 production from splenocytes and GM-CSF production ($10{\mu}g/mL$) in Peyer's patch cells. In addition, immunomodulating polysaccharide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP) prepared from IO-W by EtOH precipitation with or without EtOH reflux showed no significant difference in the chemical composition and component sugar. These results suggested that MeOH reflux might exclude low-molecular weight materials from IO-W and consequently increase the immunomodulating activity of IO-M-CP. Therefore, it was confirmed that immunomodulation of polysaccharide prepared from hot-water extract of chaga mushroom was enhanced by fractionation including MeOH reflux and EtOH precipitation.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2002

[Cp＊Rh(H₂O)₃](OTf)₂ (1) reacts with a stoichiometric amount of A and B [ A = Me₃SiN₃, B = 4,4'-bipridyl, (2a), A = Me₃SiNCO, B = 4,4'-bipridyl (2b)] in acetone at room temperature for 3 h to give the supramolecular complexes [Cp＊₄Rh₄(μ-A)₄(μ-B)₂] [A = Me₃SiN₃, B = 4,4'-bipridyl, (2a), A = Me₃SiNCO, B = 4,4'-bipridyl (2b)]. Complexes 2a and 2b have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.237-248
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• 1992

The effect of 16 different dietary rations, computed by the combinations of 13, 16, 19 or 22% CP and 2600, 2800, 3000 or 3100 kcal ME/kg, on growth performances and carcass yield of Starcross layers were assessed in two similar experiments. In both experiments, the body weight, eviscerated carcass yield, edible carcass yield, length of digestive tract and shank length increased but the feed intake decreased linearly with the increase of dietary CP and ME levels. The liver and gizzard weights as percentages of live weight tended to be increased with the increase of dietary CP and ME levels. The carcass dry matter, crude protein, fat, ash and energy content were not influenced by the dietary CP and ME levels. Dietary CP levels had positive correlations with all the parameters (except feed and energy intake and carcass dry matter). However, the dietary ME levels were positively correlated with all the parameters (except feed and energy intake; carcass dry matter and ash) in both experiments. The higher values were noted for all the parameters (except gizzard and carcass fat percentages) studied in Experiment 1 compared to those observed in Experiment 2.