• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.550-554
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• 2001

$(Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Ca_x)TiO_3 + yAl_2O_3$ wt% (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20, y=0~3.0) ceramics were fabricated by the mixed-oxide method, and their structural and dielectric properties were investigated with variation of composition ratio and $Al_2O_3$ doping content. As results of the X-ray diffraction and microstructure analysis, all BSCT specimens showed dense and homogeneous structure without presence of the second phase. The sintered density was decreased with an increase of $Al_2O_3$ doping content. The Curie temperature and relative dielectric constant at room temperature were decreased with increasing $Al_2O_3$doping content. The dielectric loss is minimum at BSCT doped with 1.5wt% $Al_2O_3$content. The tunability was decreased with increasing an Ca content and the BSCT(50/40/10) specimen doped with 2.0wt% $Al_2O_3$content showed the maximum value of 4.2%.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2013년도 임시총회 및 하계학술연구발표회
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• pp.15-16
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• 2013

Magnetization behavior of ultra thin $Fe_xCo_{1-x}$ alloy (where x varies from 0 to 100) has been investigated as functions of composition on Cr (100) substrate by using in situ surface magneto optical Kerr effect (SMOKE). It's always show in plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy at room temperature (RT) & Low temperature (LT). It is observed that composition dependent coercive force maximum at about 30 at % Co and 70 at % Co atomic ratio and minimum near equiatomic site. The relative magnetic moments as composition variation also show magnetization collapse near equiatomic site. The magnetization behaviors of Fe-Co alloy on Cr (100) due to composition varies are supported the order-disordering as well as structural stability bcc (ferromagnetic)/fcc (anti-ferromagnetic) phase stability magnetism.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.295-310
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• 2016

In this study, changes in daily temperature range were investigated using daily maximum and minimum temperatures of Busan and Daegu for last 81 years (1934-2014), and also characteristics of daily temperature range and seasonal fluctuations by urbanization were examined. First, elapsing changes showed a lower decreasing trend in Busan ($0.32^{\circ}C$) than Daegu ($1.28^{\circ}C$) for last 81 years. Daily temperature range showed the highest rise in winter in both Busan and Daegu. Second, daily temperature range due to urbanization showed that Busan had a pronounced decreasing trend before urbanization meanwhile Daegu showed the same trend after urbanization. On seasonal changes, the results of Busan showed a decreasing trend in summer before urbanization, and in autumn after urbanization. For Daegu, the results showed a decreasing trend in spring before urbanization, and in winter after urbanization. Seasonal fluctuations of Busan showed little difference in the pre and post-urbanization, except in winter and summer. There was large difference in daily temperature range in winter after urbanization, and in summer before the urbanization. The results in Daegu showed that there was decreasing trend of daily temperature range in all seasons after urbanization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.349-358
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• 2010

본 연구는 경상남도 함양군 지리산의 고로쇠나무 수액의 출수와 영향 인자들을 분석하여 최적의 출수 조건을 얻는데 기여하고자, 출수량과 시험지의 기온 및 상대습도, 흉고직경 그리고 수액내 당 함량 사이의 상관성을 분석하였다. 고로쇠나무의 흉고직경에 비례하는 출수량과의 상관성은 출수량이 많은 날에 높았고 출수 일수와 시기는 공시목 사이에 큰 차이점이 없었다. 출수량이 높았던 날들의 기온은 일평균기온 $1.2{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$, 일최저기온 $-4.3{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ 그리고 일최고기온 $11.8{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 수액 출수는 기온이 영하의 온도를 지속하거나 영상의 온도를 지속할 경우에는 관찰되지 아니하였다. 기온과 출수량과의 상관 분석에서 일최고기온과 일평균기온이 유의적(p < 0.05)으로 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수액의 출수 기간 동안 자당의 농도는 일정 수준을 유지 하였으나 출수가 종료되는 시점에서 급격하게 감소하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.615-631
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• 2012

This study provides an evaluation for capability of Integrated Climate and Air quality Modeling System (ICAMS) on future regional scale climate projection. Temperature and precipitation are compared between ground-level observation data and results of regional models (MM5) for the past 30 years over the Korean peninsula. The ICAMS successfully simulates the local-scale spatial/seasonal variation of the temperature and precipitation. The probability distribution of simulated daily mean and minimum temperature agree well with the observed patterns and trends, although mean temperature shows a little cold bias about $1^{\circ}C$ compared to observations. It seems that a systematic cold bias is mostly due to an underestimation of maximum temperature. In the case of precipitation, the rainfall in winter and light rainfall are remarkably simulated well, but summer precipitation is underestimated in the heavy rainfall phenomena of exceeding 20 mm/day. The ICAMS shows a tendency to overestimate the number of washout days about 7%. Those results of this study indicate that the performance of ICAMS is reasonable regarding to air quality predication over the Korean peninsula.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2014

To study the fluctuations and relationship in climate change, environmental factors and cyanobacteria communities, we investigated Chudong station of the Daechung reservoir. The average annual temperature showed the maximum value ($13.9^{\circ}C$) from 1994, showed a gradually increasing pattern from 1969 to 2010 in the Daechung reservoir. The number of days with temperatures over $20^{\circ}C$, minimum temperature of the year and average temperature of the winter season patterns also showed a significant increase. The long-time changed in the annual precipitation were not showed a significant variation. The water temperature record comparatively high value in summer, declined in winter. At all period, the phytoplankton were highest biomass in July 2000, and then, showed comparative higher biomass in the summer months. Cyanobacteria taxa were also showed more than 50%. Emergence of cyanobacteria also appeared in November 2007, were prolonged emergence. The dominant genera of taxa were the dominant sphere (Microcystis spp.) until early 2000. After that, the dominant species were the dominant linear (Aphanizomenon spp., Anabaena spp.). Cyanobacteria were the most correlated with water temperature (r = 0.341, p<0.01) and phosphate concentration (r = 0.355, p<0.01).

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2012

Time-series variation of groundwater temperature in Mongolia shows that maximum temperature is occured from end of October to the first of February(winter time) and minimum temperature is observed from end of April to the first of May(summer time). Therefore ground temperature is s a good source for space heating in winter and cooling in summer. Groundwater temperatures monitored from 3 alluvial wells in Ulaabaatar at depth between 20 and 24 m are $(4.43{\pm}0.8)^{\circ}C$ with average of $4.21^{\circ}C$ but mean annual ground temperature(MAGT) at the depth of 100 m in Ulaanbaatar was about $3.5{\sim}6.0^{\circ}C$. Bore hole length required to extract 1 RT's heat energy from ground in heating time and to reject 1 RT's heat energy to ground in summer time are estimated about 130 m and 98 m respectively. But in case that thermally enhanced backfill and U tube pipe placement along the wall are used, the length can be reduced about 25%. Due to low MAGT of Ulaabaatar such as $6^{\circ}C$, the required length of GHX in summer cooling time is less than the one of winter heating time. Mongolia has enough available property, therefore the most cost effective option for supplying a heating energy in winter will be horizontal GHX which absorbs solar energy during summer time. It can supply 1 RT's ground heat energy by 570 m long horizontally installed GHX.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2015

In this study, the characteristics of main wind direction, vertical temperature and wind speed profile near the Moseulpo airfield for HALE UAV(High Altitude Long Endurance Unmaned Aerial Vehicle) is investigated. The results are summarized as follows, main wind direction is governed by air mass according to season and local wind such as land-sea breeze. The directions of landing and take-off of HALE UAV will be selected as the south-east direction in June ~ August, north-west direction in October ~ March, and south-east direction at daytime in April ~ May, September. Annual variation of temperature at 100 hPa showed that temperature in summer season is lower than winter season. On the other hands, wind speed at 250 hPa in winter season is higher than summer season. The threshold values of temperature and wind speed for HALE UAV flight are $-75^{\circ}C$ and $90ms^{-1}$, which were determined by 5 % frequency value($1.96{\sigma}$), respectively.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

당진화력발전소 인근해역에서 관측한 수온자료(1998년 4월${\sim}$1999년\;12월)를 이용하여 수온의 단주기 및 계절적인 변동 양상과 수평 수온분포 특성을 분석하였다. 연구해역에서의 공간평균 수온은 2월(3.3$^{\circ}C$ 최저, 8월(23.6$^{\circ}C$)에 최고로 연교차 $20.3^{\circ}C$을 보였다. 연구해역 내의 공간 수온분포는 계절에 따라 역전이 되는데, 4월에서 10월까지는 외해측에서 만내측으로 증가하고 나머지 기간에는 감소하는 양상을 보여주었다. 수온의 단주기 변동성은 강한 조류의 영향에 따라 일주기 및 반일주기의 성분이 탁월하며, 월별 수온과 조석의 M2 분조의 위상 비교에 의하면 겨울철에는 창조시에, 여름철에는 낙조시에 수온이 상승하며, 변동폭은 반일주기성분의 경우 최대 $0.8^{\circ}C$, 반일주기와 일주기의 합은 약 $1.3^{\circ}C$으로써 본 연구해역에서의 하루 수온 변동폭의 $70{\sim}80$%를 차지하고 있다. 수온의 비조석 주기성분(ms 약 0.25)과 바람과의 Coherency 분석에 의하면 여름철에는 북풍계열, 겨울철에는 남풍계열의 바람과 2.8일 및 2.4일의 주기에서 유의한 Coherency값을 보이며, 각각 0.6일과 0.7일의 위상차를 가치고 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.235-253
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• 2011

The annual variation of mesozooplankton community in the Jangmok harbor of Jinhae Bay was studied in relation to environmental variables. Sampling was carried out weekly from January to December 2009. During the study periods, mesozooplankton community consisted of 44 taxa and the annual mean abundance was 8308 inds. $m^{-3}$. The maximum abundance was observed to be 50043 inds. $m^{-3}$ in August and the minimum in April with 1013 inds. $m^{-3}$. Of these, Penilia avirostris, cirripedia larvae, Evadne tergestina, Acartia omorii, Oikopleura s, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Eurytemora pacifica, Podon s, Oithona s, and Acartia steueri were observed as dominant species in Jangmok bay and they also contributed to 79% of total mesozooplankton. According to non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis based on the mesozooplankton community data from each season, the community was divided into three groups. The first group included appearence species in winter and spring season, which is mainly dominated the copepod such as A. omorii and E. pacifica. The second and third group was composed with observed species in summer and autumn, respectively. Based on the SIMPER (similarity percentages), P. avirostris in summer and cirripedia larvae in autumn were significantly dominated. Our results indicate that although the mesozooplankton abundances in Jangmok harbor fluctuated abruptly, its annual variation was strongly influenced by water temperature.