• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

Strains degrading and decolorizing acid dyes, Nylosan red E-BL 150%. were isolated from natural system, was named as ARK3. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were $35^\circ{C}$, 7.0, respectively. Growth rate of cells in conditions of aerobic shaking more than standing culture conspicuously increased, and optical density of those to strain ARK3 were found as 1.38 and 0.25 after 42 hrs. Decolorization efficiency in batch culture which used as immobilization media to natural zeolite was 15% after 6 hrs, while suspension culture was 5%, also its of immobilization and suspension culture were 90% and 85% after 48 hrs, respectively. Decolorization efficiency of air-lift bioreactor was more than 90% to a dilution rate of $0.038hr^{-1}$, but that was decreased as 70%, when the dilution rate was $0.05hr^{-1}$. Even though at maximum dilution rate of this study, there was not appeared "wash out" phenomienon of biomass. Decolorization efficiency was 97.7% at a dilution rate of $0.025hr^{-1}$, when influent dye concentration was $100mg/\ell$. But if influent dye concentration increased as $150mg/\ell$, even though MLVSS increased, that of treatment water decreased as 93%. Also, when influent dye concentration increased as $200mg/\ell$ and $300mg/\ell$, decolorization efficiencies of treatment water abruptly decreased as 85% and 63%, respectively. Decolorization efficiency was more than 92% to the limit volumetric loading rate of $3.75mg/\ell\cdot{hr}$hr, without regard to variation of influent dye concentration or hydraulic retention time. if volumetric loading rate was more than $3.80mg/\ell\cdot{hr}$, at same condition, decolorization efficiency was lower decrease of retention time than increase of influent dye concentration.entration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.619-627
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• 2000

Biodegradation of the C. I. Reactive Blue 114 was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Important parameters studied include dye concentration, the kind and concentration of carbon source, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and influent pH. Glucose was found to be a better co-substrate than the mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), although its concentration did not affect dye removal efficiency in the range of $1000{\sim}3000mg/{\ell}$. When HRT increased from 6 hr to 24 hr, dye removal efficiency increased up to 12 hr and remained almost constant thereafter at about 40%. When influent pH was varied in the range of 6.0~8.0, the effluent pH was varied in the range of 6.8~7.5 with maximum efficiency at pH 7.0. The highest dye removal rate obtained was $52mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$, while the maximum dye load to meet the discharge limit of color intensity was estimated to be $46mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$ at HRT of 12 hr and an influent glucose concentration of $2200mg/{\ell}$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1999

A biosorption of azo and reactive dyes into the intact and modified biomass of Penicillium janthinellum were investigated. Initial pH of medium affected the initial adsorption rate and decolorization. The initial optimum pH was found to be 2.0, and the maximum adsorption rates of dyes were $40^{\circ}C$. The reactive dyes called Apollocion Red 7EB, Apollofix Red SF-3B and Apollocion Red H-E3B showed the high initial adsorption rates as 0.06, 0.086 and 0.079 mg/g.min, respectively. A mixture of dyes containing azo and reactive dyes was adsorbed to the biomass of Pen. janthinellum and revealed that the initial adsorption rate was 0.084 mg/g.min. Both percent decolorization and the influence on the dye adsorption rate. Modified biomass of Pen. janthinellum was also investigated for the dye adsorption and the superior dye loading performance was observed compared with the ion-exchange/chelating resins used for removal of Apollocion Red 7EB.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.688-695
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• 1999

Biodegradation of the reactive dye, Remazol Black B was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor. Important parameters studied include dye concentration(20-60 mg/L), glucose concentration as a co-substrate(1,000-3,000 mg/L), hydraulic retention time(3-24 hr), and influent pH(6.0-8.0). Under most conditions tested, the molecules of Black B were degraded readily and completely according to HPLC chromatograms. However, the color removal efficiency based on spectroscopic measurement was always approximately 75%. This suggests that the degradation products have some color intensity corresponding to 25% of the original dye molecules. The maximum influent dye concentration which satisfies the legal discharge limit of color intensity of 400 ADMI was 13 mg/L. and the highest removal rate at this dye concentration was 104 mg/L${\cdot}$day.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 1995

For the treatment of poorly biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) in dye-processing wastewater, immobilized microbial beads were prepared by uslng agar-acrylamide method. PVA removal efficiency for the synthetic wastewater was 85% at the PVA volume loading rate of $3.1g/\ell$.day. In case of real desizing wastewater, PVA removal efficiency was 81.3% at the PVA volume loading rate of $3.25g/\ell$.day. In observation of cross section of immobilized bead passed 5 months with diameter of 2.4mm, the growth of cell was limited by the resistance of substrate and oxygen transfer for the inners region of more than 48% of bead radius from the surface. It was estimated that 70% of total removed PVA was degraded by the immobilized cells in the continuous immobilized reactor. Substrate utilization rate in the suspended reactor was decreased with increasing dilution rates above 0.083 hr-1, but that in the immobilized reactor was increased with increasing dilution rates up to 0.125hr-1. The substrate removal efficiency of immobilized reactor was much superior to that of suspended reactor with increasing dilution rates. Saturation constant of substrate utilization rate equation, Ks was $6.6 g PVA/\ell$, and maximum specific substrate utilization. k was 0.175g PVA/g cell.hr

• Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1998

Protein affinity membranes were prepared via coating of chitosan gel on the porous flat and hollow-fiber polysulfone membranes, followed by the immobilization of the reactive dye (Cibacron Blue 3GA) to the chitosan gel. Maximum protein binding capacity of these affinity membranes was about 70 $\mu{g/cm}^2$. Using the affinity flat membrane module, the elution chromatography of human serum albumin (HSA) was performed to determine the optimum condition of eluent buffer. The optimum condition of eluent was the universal buffer solution of 0.06 M concentration containing 1 M KCl at pH 10. For the frontal chromatography of HSA using the flat module, the dynamic protein binding capacity was rapidly decreased from the equilibrium values with increasing flow rate and HSA concentration of the loading solution. However, in the case of hollow-fiber module, the dynamic binding capacity was maintained an equilibrium value without depending on the operating conditions. These results showed that the hollow-fiber module was more effective than the flat module as an affinity chromatography column.