• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.486-494
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• 2020

Objectives: Management of a horizontal root fracture of an anterior teeth is challenging and often requires multiple approaches for improving the functional and esthetic outcomes. This case report describes the treatment and 2-yr follow up of 3 maxillary incisors with horizontal root fracture. Two maxillary central incisors were treated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA). Left maxillary lateral incisors were treated with endodontic treatment and submerged. During 2-yr of follow-up evaluation, the root-fractured teeth of the present patients were well retained in the arch, showing periodontal healing even after endodontic treatment.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to find oral health and eating attributes relating to the maxillary anterior teeth color and examine the meaning. Methods: This study aims to prepare the basic data of the teeth color by measuring analyze mode using the color of the maxillary anterior teeth(maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine) of the dental patients as the dental colorimeter. Also, This researcher explained the purpose of this study to dental patients and got agreement of 111 patients(50 men and 61 women). We conducted the survey from 2 March to 25 May, 2015. So the color of total 333 teeth was examined, and eating habit attributes and oral health behaviors were researched. Results: Lightness(L) was significantly high in female compared to male(12, p<0.05), the more often intake of red pepper paste decreased(11, 13) lightness. and the brightness of the 31-40 age group was significantly higher(12, p<0.05) than the group under the age of 20. Red chroma(a) was significantly low in over 50 age group compared to the group under the age of 20(12, p<0.05), and the red chroma(a) of the "received periodic scaling" group was significantly lower(13, p<0.01) than the other group.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2002

The selection of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth is made primarily for esthetics and they must be in harmony with the surrounding oral environment. However the selection of artificial teeth is based on the large degree of subjective judgement or the dentists, therefore, this is one of the most unscientific processes. This study was performed to determine clinically whether there is correlation among the width of the maxillary central incisor(WMCI), the intercanine distance (ICD) the facial width(FW), and the interalar nasal width(IAW) in Korean adults, and to provide the selection standards for the maxillary anterior artificial teeth. The casts were obtained from 91 undergraduate dental students(49 males and 42 females) with Angle's class I occlusion presenting well-arranged intact anterior teeth. The WMCI and ICD were measured on the casts with a vernier calipers($Miltex^{(R)}$, Germany). The photographic procedures under standardized conditions were performed to record each subject's frontal face using digital camera($Olympus^{(R)}$, C-2500L, Japan). The FW and IAW were measured with image analyzer($Image-Pro^{(R)}$ PLUS. media cybermetrics. USA). The results were obtained as follows : 1. The mean WMCI was $8.11{\pm}0.67mm$, ICD was $37.88{\pm}2.15mm$, FW was $141.29{\pm}5.84mm$. and IAW was $37.85{\pm}2.29 mm$. 2. The ratios of FW/WMCI, FW/ICD, IAW/ICD were 17.4, 3.7, 1.0 respectively. 3. All measurements(WMCI, ICD, FW, and IAW) of male group were longer than those of female group significantly in Student's t-test(p<0.01). 4. There was significant correlation between WMCI, ICD, FW, and IAW in Pearson's correlation analysis(p<0.01). 5, The relationship between IAW and ICD shows the strongest correlation among six combinations in linear regression analysis($R^2$=0.753, Y=7.046+0.815X). The FW and IAW could be very reliable guides for the selection of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.259-271
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the criteria of the perfect smile that was necessary to improve the esthetic problem in oral and maxillo-facial region and treating the anterior tooth region. The author took the facial straight photograph of 240 university students(male : 129, female : 111) in a resting and a smiling position, measured and analized the lip pattern and the relation between the lip and the teeth when they were smiling. Besides, 10 members of committee for appraisal (dentist : 5 persons, professor of the college of fine arts : 5 persons) estimated the smiling pattern. After that the author have compared and analyzed the obtained results. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the shape of the upper lip, when the upper lip curved downward, it was 42.92% , straight was 45.00% and curved upward was 12.08%. The group in which the upper lip curved upward was the most esthetic. 2. In the relation between the upper lip and the teeth, high smile was 29.17%, average smile was 55.83% and low smile was 15.00%. The group of average smile was the most esthetic. 3. In the parallel relation between the lower lip and maxillary anterior incisal curvature, the group of paralled was 60.42%, the group of straight was 34.17% and the group of reverse was 5.41%. The group of parallel was the most esthetic. 4. In the relationship between maxillary anterior incisor and lower lip, the group of the maxillary anterior incisor were slightly covered by the lower lip was 10.42%, the group of the maxillary anterior teeth touched to the lower lip was 35.83%, and the no-touching was 53.75%. The group of the maxillary anterior teeth touched to the lower lip was the most esthetic. 5. In the teeth displayed in a smile, displayed to the canine was 0.84%, displayed to the first premolar was 19.17%, displayed to the second premolar was 57.92%, displayed to the first molar was 20.00% and displayed to the second molar was 2.08%. The group of displayed to the first molar was the most esthetic. 6. At smiles, the width of the mouth corner was 0.46 times of the full face width, 0.95 times of the interpupillary distance, and 1.23 times of the resting position. 7. At smiles, the lengh of the upper lip was 0.71 times and lower lip was 0.93 times of the length in the resting position.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.348-358
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 외모에 가장 관심이 많은 20대 대학생들의 안면부 심미에 많은 영향을 미치는 상악전치부 치아의 색조를 치과용 측색기(Dental Colorimeter)를 이용하여 보다 객관적이고 과학적인 방법으로 측정하여 치아색조의 기초자료를 마련하고, 이를 토대로 20대 대학생들의 상악전치부색조와 구강보건 및 식습관관련 특성과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 2011년 11월 14부터 12월 2일 동안 연구취지에 동의한 연구대상자 497명 중 부적절한 치아를 가진 자를 제외한 467명(남자 89, 여자 378) 대상자의 개개인마다 3개 치아즉 상악중절치, 상악측절치, 상악견치를 측정하여 총 1,401개의 치아를 측색하였고 구강보건 및 식습관관련 특성은 설문조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대상자의 상악전치부의 명도($L^*$)는 상악중절치($76.79{\pm}4.86$), 상악측절치($72.87{\pm}6.04$), 상악견치($69.72{\pm}4.62$)로 갈수록 명도는 감소하고, 적색채도($a^*$)는 상악중절치($2.02{\pm}2.00$), 상악측절치($3.27{\pm}2.38$), 상악견치($4.10{\pm}2.60$)로 갈수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 황색채도($b^*$)도 상악중절치($15.51{\pm}3.42$), 상악측절치($17.35{\pm}3.55$), 상악견치($20.10{\pm}3.46$)로 갈수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 명도 차이를 비교한 결과, 성별(p<0.001), 전공별(p<0.001), 학년(p<0.001), 흡연 유무(p<0.001)별로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 적색채도($a^*$) 차이를 비교한 결과 전공별(p<0.001)의 경우 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 황색채도($b^*$)를 비교한 결과 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 대상자의 구강보건 특성에 따른 명도 차이를 비교한 결과, 구강보건교육 경험유무(p<0.01), 일일 칫솔질 횟수(p< 0.001), 칫솔질 방법(p<0.05), 구강위생관리용품 사용유무(p<0.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 구강보건 특성에 따른 적색채도 차이를 비교한 결과 일일 칫솔질 횟수(p<0.05), 식후 칫솔질 시기(p<0.01), 구강위생관리용품 사용유무(p<0.01)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 구강보건 특성에 따른 황색채도 차이를 비교한 결과, 식후 칫솔질 시기(p<0.01), 주관적 치아색상(p<0.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 대상자의 식습관 관련 특성중 콜라와 사탕이 상악전치부 명도와 관련된 요인으로 나타났다($R^2=0.053$, p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 상악중절치 색조는 구강보건 및 식습관 관련 특성 중 성별, 학년, 흡연유무, 콜라, 사탕등에 따라 명도와 관련성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었고 정기적 스케일링은 적색채도와 관련성이 있었고 주관적 치아색상은 황색채도와 관련성이 있음을 알았다. 앞으로는 상악전치부 치아의 색조에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 해부학적 요인을 고려한 좀 더 심도 깊은 연구로 조사하여 분석을 시행한다면 치아색조와 관련되는 더 많은 요인을 규명해 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.563-580
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• 1998

치열의 치군 후방이동을 유발하는 교정력에 의해 발생되는 개개 치아의 초기 변위와 응력분포를 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 유한요소법을 이용하여 상악 치아와 치근막, 그리고 치조골의 해부학적 형태와 생체적 특성을 컴퓨터로 재현하고 모형화된 브라켓을 부착한 3 차원 유한요소 모델을 형성하였다. 치열의 치군 후방이동에 사용되는 구외력과 II급 악간고무, ideal arch wire와 MEAW(Multiloop Edgewise Arch Wire), 그리고 호선에 부여된 tip back bend 에 의해 야기되는 치아 변위를 비교, 분석하였다 그리고 이러한 치료방법을 상악 제 2 대구치를 발거한 경우와 발거하지 않은 경우에 각각 적용하여 상악 제 2대구치 존재유무에 따른 치아이동 양상의 변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전치부 헤드기어에 의해 발생되는 치아변위는 후방 치체변위와 후방 경사변위, 그리고 수직변위 모두 치열 전방부에 집중되어 있었다. 2. Ideal arch wire에 II급 악간고무를 적용한 경우, 치아변위가 치열 전방부에 집중되었으나 ideal arch wire에 tip back bend를 부여하면 악간고무에 의한 견인력이 후방으로 전달되었다. 부여하는 tip back bend의 양이 증가할수록 전치부의 후방 치체변위와 설측 경사변위는 감소하였고 구치부의 후방 치체변위와 경사변위는 증가하였으며 II급 악간고무에 의한 전치부 정출이 감소하였다. 3. MEAW와 II급 악간고무를 적용한 결과, 치아변위 경향은 ideal arch wire와 II급 악간고무를 사용한 경우와 유사하였으나 작은 양의 치아변위와 함께 치열내 개개치아의 비교적 균등한 이동양상을 보였다. 4. 상악 제 2 대구치가 존재하는 유한요소 모델에 상악 제 1 대구치까지만 교정장치를 장착하고 후방이동을 시도한 결과 상악 제 1 대구치 치아이동이 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.635-640
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• 2007

Purpose: Mid and lower facial convexity is more common in Oriental people than in Caucasian. Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is characterized by procumbent teeth, protruding lips, acute nasolabial angle, gummy smile, receding chin, facial convexity. Especially, pure maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is less frequent than bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Therefore, it is important to make an accurate decision for the operation throughout the history taking, cephalogram, dental cast to arrive at accurate diagnosis and surgical plan. Methods: From December 2002 to June 2004, ten patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and microgenia were corrected by maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy and advancement genioplasty. 10 patients were analyzed by preoperative and postoperative clinical photography, posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms. Results: No major complications were occurred throughout the follow-up period except one of the over-recessed, otherwise most of the patients were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We could correct the occulusal relationship with teeth and improve lower facial profile, asthetically and functionally, by maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy and advancement genioplasty.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-62
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• 1983

To recognize the problems in malocclusion by roentgenocephalograms, the author designed a new pentagonal frame based on maxillary and mandibular bones. The subjects consisted of 44 normal occlusions (20 male and 24 female), 44 Class II division 1 malocclusions (15 male and 29 female) and 67 Class III malocclusions (31 male and 36 female). The results are as follows; 1. In normal group, the maxillary and mandibular skeletons of female we placed more closely to FH plane, so more anteriorly and upward than those of male. 2. In normal group, the posterior vertical height is longer in male than in female and the upper anterior teeth of female are in more labioversion than those of male. 3. By the X, Y coordinate values in pentagonal frame, it is helpful to recognize certain problems in malocclusions. 4. The posterior vertical height is a good indicator in detecting Angle's Class III malocclusion. 5. The maxillary and mandibular body length, the anterior point of maxillary and mandibular body length and the axial inclination of upper and lower anterior teeth can be useful in discerning Angle's Class II & Class III malocclusion.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2017

Objective: To investigate how bracket slot size affects the direction of maxillary anterior tooth movement when en-masse retraction is performed in sliding mechanics using an induction-heating typodont simulation system. Methods: An induction-heating typodont simulation system was designed based on the Calorific Machine system. The typodont included metal anterior and resin posterior teeth embedded in a sticky wax arch. Three bracket slot groups (0.018, 0.020, and 0.022 inch [in]) were tested. A retraction force of 250 g was applied in the posterior-superior direction. Results: In the anteroposterior direction, the cusp tip of the canine in the 0.020-in slot group moved more distally than in the 0.018-in slot group. In the vertical direction, all six anterior teeth were intruded in the 0.018-in slot group and extruded in the 0.020- and 0.022-in slot groups. The lateral incisor was significantly extruded in the 0.020- and 0.022-in slot groups. Significant differences in the crown linguoversion were found between the 0.018- and 0.020-in slot groups and 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups for the central incisor and between the 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups and 0.020- and 0.022-in slot groups for the canine. In the 0.018-in slot group, all anterior teeth showed crown mesial angulation. Significant differences were found between the 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups for the lateral incisor and between the 0.018- and 0.020-in slot groups and 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups for the canine. Conclusions: Use of 0.018-in slot brackets was effective for preventing extrusion and crown linguoversion of anterior teeth in sliding mechanics.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1985

This study was intended to investigate the effect of mesiodistal crown widths of the anterior teeth on the incisor relationship and to determine whether incisor width ratio and anterior width ratio could be used to assess interarch tooth width harmony. From the casts taken from 63 subjects, 26 of open bite, 18 of deep bite and 19 of normal over bite with age of 17-20, mesiodistal crown widths of maxillary and mandibular 6 anterior teeth were measured with Boley gauge. On the basis of tooth measurements, anterior and incisor width ratio were calculated. The cephalograms were taken from same subjects to measure the degree of over bite and over jet and to compare the craniofacial bony structures between open bite, deep bite and normal over bite. Correlations among the anterior width ratio, incisor width ratio, over bite and over jet were calculated. The results were as follows. 1. There were no differences in mesiodistal widths of anterior teeth, incisor width ratio and anterior width ratio between open bite, deep bite and normal over bite. 2. The incisor width ratio and anterior width ratio can be useful in the assessment of tooth width harmony because the incisor width ratio and anterior width ratio were stable statistically and significantly correlated with each other. 3. Over bite and over jet were not correlated with incisor width ratio and anterior width ratio.