• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

The present study aims to explore career maturity and influencing factors among elementary schoolers from poor families in Korea. Data are from 249 welfare recipient children in 10 administrative districts of Incheon. Scores of the work attitudes subdomain was lower than other aspects of career maturity including planning, self-appraisal, and independence in career decision-making. In the full sample, those in the higher academic years showed greater career maturity, planning, and self-appraisal, and those with greater parent attachment showed higher levels of self-appraisal. In separate analyses by gender, parent attachment showed greater influence on girls' career maturity. Finding from the separate analyses on lower vs. higher academic years (i.e. grades) revealed that parent attachment and female were associated with career maturity among lower graders, while academic achievement was associated with career maturity, planning, and self-appraisal among those in higher graders. Findings lend support to parental involvement in career education. Poor children might have limited perceptions of career focused on satisfying economic necessities. Career education should pay attention in helping them expand perceptions of the values of career.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.362-374
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• 2003

The major objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of process maturity on the performance of industrial R&D projects. Process maturity, a fundamental concept of the Capability Maturity Model developed by Software Engineering Institute, represents the essential of Total Quality Management (TQM). Based on literature, our research model constructs process maturity in terms of structured process, goal setting and controlling, metrics, and process learning; and links it to the R&D performance that consists of technical, commercial and managerial successes. The model also includes firm size as a moderator of different effects that process maturity may have across firms. Measures for process maturity are based on the best practices identified in literature. Data are obtained from 77 successful R&D projects carried out by Korean manufacturing firms. Multiple regression and t-test are used to test proposed hypotheses. Findings are as follows. (1) In the R&D process, process maturity partially contributes to the performance of R&D projects. More specifically, goal setting and controlling-related practices drive both technical and commercial successes, while process learning-related practices drive commercial success. In contrast, traditionally emphasized elements such as structured process or metrics are found not to be significant. (2) The degree of process maturity is significantly higher in large firms. (3) Process maturity impacts on commercial success in the case of large firms, whereas it does on technical success in the case of small firms. The results imply that the TQM principles are partially associated with R&D performance, and the nature of benefit from high maturity could vary according to firm size.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.519-532
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of dietary habits, snacks, eating out and fast-food intake between students with a relatively early sexual maturity and others with a relatively late sexual maturity in a bid to grasp the impact of dietary behaviors on sexual maturity. The subjects in this study were 565 boys and girls who resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. They included fifth- and sixth-grade school children and seventh-grade middle school students. To classify the selected students according to the level of sexual maturity, the students of the same month age were divided into two groups in consideration of the stage of their sexual maturity and that of the other age groups. The early mature group was significantly taller and weighed more than the late mature group irrespective of gender. According to Tanner stages, the boys of the early mature group reached a 3.03 stage of sexual maturity when the sexual organs were taken into account, and those of the late mature group reached a 1.50 stage of sexual maturity. The girls of the early mature group reached a 3.43 stage of sexual maturity on the basis of breast, and those of the late mature group reached a 2.73 stage of sexual maturity. Concerning eating out, the early mature group ate out more frequently than the late mature group. In regard to snacks, the early mature group had a snack more often. The findings of the study indicated that there were differences in physical development and some dietary behaviors according to sexual maturity. The early mature group had a snack and ate out relatively more often than the late mature group, which showed that some dietary behaviors had an impact on the sexual maturity of the teens who arrived at the age of puberty.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2008

Objectives : As obese children have been increased, the interest in the impact of obesity on growth also have been increased. This study is to examine relations between obesity and skeletal maturity by analyzing body compositions and bone age. Methods : Subjects were composed of 233 children from 6 years to 17 years of age, without any other diseases related to growth, who visited the department of pediatrics, OO oriental medicine hospital and measured their body composition (body mass index, body fat ratio, fitness score) and bone age. Results : 1. As body mass index was increased, the skeletal maturity significantly was also increased. 2. As the mean of bone maturity was increased, the BMI was increased from the underweight type to the normal type to the overweight type; the bone maturity was increased as the fat ratio was increased from the normal type to the obese type to the excessively obese type; and the bone maturity was higher in the weak, obese type than the normal type when classified according to the Fitness Score. 3. The bone maturity of the overweight group in the BMI classification and excessively obese group in the fat ratio classification significantly were increased. 4. Skeletal maturity significantly was increased in children who developed secondary sexual character. 5. The significance of obesity causing increase of the skeletal maturity was higher in boys than in girls. 6. Only in the case of children without development of secondary sexual character, obesity caused an significant increases in the skeletal maturity. Conclusions : Obesity could cause the increase of skeletal maturity, and the obesity could affect more to the boys than girls and more to the children than teenagers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.347-358
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the blood pressure level and their sexual maturity and physical growth in the children at puberty. For this purpose, we estimated the blood pressure, physical growth and sexual maturity of the boys of 335 and girls of 373 who are in the middle schools which are located in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Both systolic and diastolic pressure were measured twice. Such physical growth as height, body weight, skin fold thickness, waist circumference, hip circumference and arm circumference were measured. The sexual maturity was estimated according to the classification of Tanner's 5-phase-sexual-maturity : in boys, their pubic hair development phase : in girls, their pubic hair and breast development phase and the menstrual experience. In the phase of the pubic hair development, the boy's sexual maturity was distributed into this; the 1 st 56.4%, the 2nd 29.3%, the 3rd 9.9%, the 4th 4.1% and the 5th 0.3%. While the girls sexual maturity was distributed into this the 1st 20.5%, the 2nd 34.9%, the 3rd 30.6% the 4th 12.6% and the 5th 1.3% in the phase of the pubic hair development, and the 1st 0.8%, the 2nd 13.7%, the 3rd 36.2%, the 4th 18.8% and the 5th 30.5% in the phase of the breast development. This indicated that the girls sexual maturity was higher than those of the boys. The girls menstrual experience rate accounted to the 58.2%. In order to see the relationship between the children's sexual maturity and blood pressure level, we regress blood pressure level on physical growth (i.e., height, BMI) and sexual maturity. Sexual maturity in treates as dummy variables. As the resulf of this analysis, the boys' sexual maturity has nothing to do with the blood pressure either systolic or diastolic. But the girl's systolic pressure was statistically significant ; the 9% of the physical growth, the 5% of the pubic hair development and the 4% of the breast development in sexual maturity was explained. In the girls' diastolic pressure, only their pubic hair development was statistically significant ; the 7% of the physical growth and the 7% of the pubic hair development in the diastolic was explained and the 5% of the physical growth in the diastolic Korotokoff phase IV and the 2% of the pubic hair development in the diastic Korotokoff phase was explained, especially, the girls exprienced menstruation, their systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly high (P<0.01). Conclusively, in the first grade children attending middle schools who are in the early process of the sexual development, the sexual maturity was not related to blood pressure level, on the other hand, the blood pressure level of the girls who are more sexual development than those of the boys' have something to do with sexual maturity and physical growth.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.157-168
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to investigate the interrelationships between the degrees of skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae and the hand-and-wrist in skeletal Class III malocclusions. In 185 skeletal Class III malocclusions (male 62, female 123) having the lateral cephalogram and hand-wrist radiogram which were taken on the same day, 6 skeletal maturity stages of cervical vertebrae were compared with 11 skeletal maturity indicators of the hand-and-wrist. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained: 1. The stages of cervical vertebral maturity are one of the methods possible to assess the individual maturity. 2. Mean ages of male and female were obtained in each cervical vertebral stage. 3. Cervical vertebral stages 1 and 2 are considered to the accelerative growth phase, cervical vertebral stages 3 and 4 are corresponded to the peak height velocity, and cervical vertebral stages 5 and 6 were observed to occur during the decelerative phase of growth after peak height velocity in both sexes. 4. In cervical vertebral stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the degrees of skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae in males were more retarded than females. 5. There was the high correlation between the degrees of skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae and hand-and-wrist.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2007

IT outsourcing becomes one of the important shills for managing diverse and complex information systems, SIA is considered as an one of the success factors for the successful outsourcing management. Since it helps to establish common goal and provides better visibility of trends and performance, the SLA process must go beyond mere measurement to include a methodology for the ongoing management of service levels, and for the continuous improvement of service activities, functions and processes. Despite SLA is one of the most important skills for the successful outsourcing, few studies have been conducted for academic as well as practical purpose. For this reason, The objective of this study is to develop an SLA's maturity model and empirically demonstrate how SLA's maturity level affects its Performance through SLA's maturity model. The major contributions of this study are in two areas. This study contributes to academicians as well as practitioners. First, from the academic perspectives this study tries investigating the maturity level of the SLA based on empirical data. Second, practitioners can self-test their firms' maturity level using the proposed model. The results of this study show that the SLA's maturity level affected positively SLA's performance. It is founded that the SLA's maturity level had a significant impact on SLA's performance.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn ma turity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of new-born. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity A total of 75 new-born were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows : 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is propotional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination Is more reliable and clincially feasible method to measure the accurate G4 compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the new born maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics nil on hance the clinical applicability of the examination.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

This paper analyzes factors affecting the debt maturity structure of enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The panel data of research sample includes 549 non-financial listed enterprises on the Vietnam stock market from 2009 to 2019. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) tool is employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. In this research, debt maturity structure is the dependent variable. Capital structures, fixed assets, liquidity, firm size, asset maturity, profitability, corporate income tax, gross domestic product, inflation rate, credit growth scale are independent variables in the study. The model results show, that among the factors affecting the structure of debt maturity, the capital structure, asset structure, and firm size have the highest estimation coefficients, which shows that capital structure, asset structure, and firm size plays an important role in the decision-making process of debt maturity structure. The empirical results show that there are differences in the impact of these factors on the debt maturity structures in state-owned enterprises and non-state enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The findings of this article are useful for business administrators, helping business managers make the right financial decisions to determine the target debt maturity structure in enterprises.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

The uncertainty of a project generates risks hindering the goal achievement of the project, and the risks affect the success or failure of the project significantly. Risk management, a part of the project management, includes various processes, and there are also various tools or techniques applicable to that. In an organization, the application of project management develops gradually from low to high maturity, and the organization should choose and implement a method of application proper for the level of its maturity. This article suggests a method to reduce inefficiency of the management and how to apply risk management by levels of maturity for easier application. For this, the stages of project management maturity levels were divided into the introduction, development, and maturity step, and methods of risk management suitable for each stage were applied. And methods of risk management that need to be applied by the levels of project maturity are divided into three factors : risk management processes, risk management tools and techniques, and risk management standards and templates. It is expected to be favorable approaches for the application of risk management in an organization to divide those factors into more concrete processes, tools, techniques, and standards and apply them by the levels of management maturity.