• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.949-966
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• 2016

The second order analysis taking place due to non-linear behavior of the structures under the mechanical and geometric factors through implementing exact and approximate methods is an indispensible issue in the analysis of such structures. Among the exact methods is the slope-deflection method that due to its simplicity and efficiency of its relationships has always been in consideration. By solving the differential equations of the modified slope-deflection method in which the effect of axial compressive force is considered, the stiffness matrix including trigonometric entries would be obtained. The complexity of computations with trigonometric functions causes replacement with their Maclaurin expansion. In most cases only the first two terms of this expansion are used but to obtain more accurate results, more elements are needed. In this paper, the effect of utilizing higher order terms of Maclaurin expansion on reducing the number of required elements and attaining more rapid convergence with less error is investigated for the Bernoulli beam with various boundary conditions. The results indicate that when using only one element along the beam length, utilizing higher order terms in Maclaurin expansion would reduce the relative error in determining the critical buckling load and kinematic parameters in the second order analysis.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.471-486
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• 2011

Various types of strain sensors have been developed and widely used in the field for monitoring the mechanical deformation of structures. However, conventional strain sensors are not suited for measuring large strains associated with impact damage and local crack propagation. In addition, strain sensors are resistive-type transducers, which mean that the sensors require an external electrical or power source. In this study, a gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based polymer composite is proposed for large strain sensing. Fabrication of the composites relies on a novel and simple in situ GNP reduction technique that is performed directly within the elastomeric poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix. First, the reducing and stabilizing capacities of PDMS constituents and mixtures are evaluated via visual observation, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The large strain sensing capacity of the GNP-PDMS thin film is then validated by correlating changes in thin film optical properties (e.g., maximum UV-Vis light absorption) with applied tensile strains. Also, the composite's strain sensing performance (e.g., sensitivity and sensing range) is also characterized with respect to gold chloride concentrations within the PDMS mixture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2006

SiC materials have been extensively studied for high temperature components in advanced energy conversion system and advanced gas turbine. However, the brittle characteristics of SiC such as law fracture toughness and law strain-to fracture impose a severe limitation on the practical applications of SiC materials. SiC/SiC composites can be considered as a promising candidate in various structural materials, because of their good fracture toughness. In this composite system, the direction of SiC fiber will give an effect to the mechanical properties. It is therefore important to control a properdirection of SiC fiber for the fabrication of high performance SiC/SiC composites. In this study, unidirection and two dimension woven structures of SiC/SiC composites were prepared starting from Tyranno SA fiber. SiC matrix was obtained by nano-powder infiltration and transient eutectoid (NITE) process. Effect of microstructure and density on the sintering temperature in NITE-SiC/SiC composites are described and discussed with the fiber direction of unidirection and two dimension woven structures.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.2202-2207
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• 2007

The present article investigates experimentally and theoretically thermal and optical characteristics of thin film structures through measurement of thermal conductivity of Pyrex 7740 and reflectance in silicon thin film. The $3{\omega}$ method is used to measure thermal conductivity of very thin film with high accuracy and the optical characteristics in thin films are studied to examine the influence of incidence angle of light on reflectance by using the CTM(Characteristics Transmission Method) and the 633 nm He-Ne laser reflectance measurement system. It is found that the estimated reflectance of silicon show good agreement with experimental data. In particular, the present study solves the EPRT(Equation of Phonon Radiative Transport) which is based on Boltzmann transport equation for predicting thermal conductivity of nanoscale film structures. From the results, the measured thermal conductivity is in good agreement with the previous published data. Moreover, thermal conductivities are estimated for different film thickness. It indicates that as film thickness decreases, thermal conductivity decreases substantially due to internal scattering.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 1996

Both cast and extruded composites of SiC whisker reinforced 6061 Al alloy matrix were fabricated by high pressure infiltration of the alloy melt into the SiC preform and subsequent hot extrusion of the composite ingots. The micro structures, age hardening behavior and mechanical properties have been examined on the both cast and extruded composites of SiCw/6061. The cast composites of SiCw/6061 were obtained in which SiC whiskers were randomly oriented. Hot extrusion of these cast composites lead to alignment of the whisker in the direction of extrusion. Strengthening effect of whisker in the extruded composites is lower than that of the cast composites. The cast composites of SiCw/6061 showed higher thensile strength and lower elongation than extruded composites of SiCw/6061 at all testing temperatures. Lower tensile strength and higher elongation of the extruded composites were attributable to fine grain structures in which grain boundary sliding occruued preferentially at elevated temperatures.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 1992

Structures of dimers of the acetonitrile and DMF diluted by carbon-tetrachloride and xenon matrices at 80K were studied with infrared absorption spectroscopy. Sample and matrix materials were codeposited onto a KBr cold trapping window. Infrared absorption spectra of pure samples and diluted samples were compared to explain the structures of dimers. The acetonitrile dimer showed the antiparallel shape and the DMF dimer showed the linear shape. After annealing, the infrared spectrum of the diluted sample showed the same shape with that of the pure sample.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.12 no.4 s.47
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• pp.375-385
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• 2000

The required connection ductility has been evaluated, considering geometric, material and connection nonlinearity, for 6-story unbraced and 20-story braced steel structures subjected to ultimate lateral load. For material nonlinearity, section moment-curvature relationship and member stiffness matrix have been derived utilizing fiber model and linear flexibility distribution model. In 6-story structure with semi-rigid connections for rigid connection, the required connection ductility is less than that for rigid connection. In 20-story structure, the required connection ductility for semi-rigid connection is almost the same as that for shear connection and the required ductility for rigid connection is larger than that for semi-rigid or shear connection.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.432-440
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• 1993

Ductile cast iron has a good ductility and toughness than those of gray cast iron, because the shape of graphite is spheroidal. Also, it has been reported that, additional strengthening and toughening of the ductile cast iron can be obtainded from the proper combination of matrix structures by the heat treatment and addition of alloying elements. In this study the effect of special heat treatment and addition of alloying elements(Ni, Mo) on the multi-phase(ferrite-bainite-martensite) structures, strength and toughness of ductile cast iron were studied systematically. In water quenching from $770^{\circ}C$, the martensite volume(%) increased, but the ferrite volume(%) decreased with increment of Ni content. In as cast, pearlite volume(%) and hardness increased with increment of Mo and Ni contents. And with the increment of the destabilization austempering holding time, the bainite volume(%) increased but the martensite volume(%) decreased. As destabilization austempering holding time is same, bainite volume(%) decreased, martensite increased with the increment of Ni and Mo contents. The hardness and tensile strength decreased, but impact energy increased with the decrease of Ni and Mo contents, and increment of holding time of destabilization austempering treatment.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.459-467
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• 2004

This paper presents an efficient reanalysis algorithm, named PRAS (Partial Reanalysis algorithm using Adaptable Substructuring), for the partially changed structures. The algorithm recalculates directly any displacement or member force under consideration in real time without a full reanalysis in spite of local changes in member stiffness or connectivity_ The key procedures consists of 1) partitioning the whole structure into the changed part and the unchanged part, 2) condensing the internal degrees of freedom and forming the unchanged part substructure, 3) assembling and solving the new stiffness matrix from the unchanged part substructure and the changed members.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 1995

In this study, first, transformation process of damping ratios, whose are evaluated in active control analysis, into damping matrix resulting from installed viscous dampers is illustrated. Then, a method is followed to maximize the effect of response reduction, which leads to optimum locations and size of viscous dampers using sensitivity analysis. Highly coupled nonlinearity between damping ratios and dampers makes it hard to find the optimal size of dampers. Therefore, the nonlinearity is transformed to linear problem with small increments of damping ratios and the size of dampers can be found. However, there are many cases for the size of dampers satisfying the small increment of damping ratios, so it is necessary to select minimum size using optimization technique. To determine optimum locations of dampers, dampers are assumed to be installed between the different stories and their locations are selected corresponding corresponding to the degree of damping size. Numerical examples for the frame structure and the shear wall structure show that optimum locations and size of dampers are different form each other depending on the characteristics of modal responses of the structures. The proposed method in this study can be applied to get optimum locations of active controller in the active control.