• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 2009

For the mapping of two dimensional table structures of relational databases to the hierarchical XML documents, we apply the foreign key relationships of relational databases. In other words, the primary key of another table referenced by a foreign key of one tuple is mapped to the parent of the foreign key. Then XML hierarchies with order are expressed. In addition, the XML view file generated by the foreign key mappings shows side effects in the case of the relational database update for the satisfaction of referential integrity constraint in the foreign key. Thus, by inferring the foreign key roles at the generation of XML hierarchies, we can anticipate where the side effects occur in the hierarchies. We keep the XML view files up-to-date by reflecting the side effects to the XML files at the update of the underlying relational databases.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.153-168
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• 2012

It has been recognized as an important issue to design optimally a firm's logistics network for minimizing logistics cost and maximizing customer service. It is, however, not easy to get an optimal solution by analyzing trade-off of cost factors, dynamic and interdependent characteristics in the logistics network decision making. Although there has been some developments in a system which helps decision making for logistics analysis, it is true that there is no system for enterprise-wise's on-site support and methodical logistics decision. Specially, E-biz process along with information technology has been made dramatic advance in a various industries, there has been much need for practical education closely resembles on-site work. The software developed by this study materializes efficient algorithm suggested by recent studies in key topics of logistics such as location and allocation problem, traveling salesman problem, and vehicle routing problem and transportation and distribution problem. It also supports executing a variety of experimental design and analysis in a way of the most user friendly based on Java. In the near future, we expect that it can be extended to integrated supply chain solution by adding decision making in production in addition to a decision in logistics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

It is very important to have pre-service teachers enhance actual content development skill for STEAM classes through deep understanding of the concept. Thus the purpose of the study is to explore the educational methodology for improving pre-service teachers' competence of designing STEAM classes. The research performed with 17 pre-service teachers from Y university and 15 from S university in 2015. It includes blended learning methodology mixing online and offline classes. The result revealed that the students' perception on and the materialization skill of the STEAM education was improved by the methods of Lesson Study and blended learning. A positive result also came out in the respect of the perception on teaching with technology.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2019

Studies on the physicochemical properties of physiological activity substance in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were analyzed for the use as an functional food materialization. The proximate compositions in the vacuum freeze dried turmeric were carbohydrate 72.90%, moisture 5.74%, crude protein 10.02%, crude fat 4.67%, and crude ash 6.69%, respectively. The mineral contents of turmeric were calcium (Ca) $2,294.77mg\;kg^{-1}$, potassium (K) $28,780.54mg\;kg^{-1}$, magnesium (Mg) $2,826.90mg\;kg^{-1}$, sodium (Na) $1,826.58mg\;kg^{-1}$, iron (Fe) $190.94mg\;kg^{-1}$, and manganese (Mn) $620.16mg\;kg^{-1}$. The vitamin contents of turmeric were pantothenic acid 1.040 mg/100 g, riboflavin 0.166 mg/100 g, thiamin 0.148 mg/100 g, pyridoxine 0.010 mg/100 g, and calciferol 0.008 mg/100 g, respectively. Total amino acid contents in protein of turmeric were 7.66 g%, and major amino acids were aspartic acid 1.45 g%, glutamic acid 1.07 g%, leucine 0.71 g%, phenylalanine 0.47 g%, and arginine 0.46 g%, respectively. The amount of free amino acids of turmeric were 225.81 mg%, and major free amino acids were asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and alanine. Especially, in the case of asparagine, it was highest. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty acid 45.09%, monoenes 8.62%, and polyenes 46.30%.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.141-167
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• 2014

The macro structural perspective of how race was formed nationally, politically, and socially has greatly contributed in revealing the ills of racialism until now, likewise, the dichotomous form of Asian-American literature corresponding to such perspective has made great contribution in awakening people's awareness of race. While acknowledging the contribution of such macro perspectives, we must take note that today's racialism is becoming materialized in different aspects. The tendency of present racial formation is that the recognition of race is spread out lightly but widely in everyday lives and is revealed through the perception of our body. While publicly stating that society is color-blind and inequality significantly resolved, racialism emerges in the personal and everyday aspects. Not erased but diluted and spread out more widely, and the more diluted, harder to erase, racialism has penetrated into the perception of our lives. Racialism works not as a conspicuous discrimination but as a common sense that is 'naturally' absorbed into our perception and perspective. Chang Rae Lee's Aloft shows the process of such racial formation in our age of hybridization. This study tries to clarify why present racial formation must be analyzed in the macro perceptual perspective and show how the racial perception in the narrative of the white dominant narrator, Jerry, becomes the field where he lives and how it is spread through his perception. Through the theories of Judith Butler and Linda M. Alcoff, this study analyzes how people are got to self-identification with the racialization through reiteration and what the relationship is between racial formation and the subject's performativity in Aloft. The study concludes that revealing such current processes of racial formation perceptively is not thinking it 'natural' and inevitable but the process of bringing about a change in it.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

This study aims to examine trends so far and proactively seek future policy directions because the degree of implementation of hyper-connected society and smart technology at home and abroad cannot be overlooked at present in Korea. The method of the study focused on differentiating it from this study through literature research and comparison of major previous studies. As a result of the study, data security and maintenance, enhanced privacy of users and users, and related policy directions for entering a super-aged society were identified in the era of the 4th industrial revolution in Korea according to hyper-connected society and smart technology. Research limitations were difficulties in obtaining data and technical limitations in statistical quantification through trend analysis, although research analysis should be approached through quantitative and quantitative methods. It needs to be supplemented in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1998

Swage sludge cakes produced from domestic wastewater treatment plants were collected from 21 different sites throughout Korea, and chemical properties of the sludge samples were determined. Inorganic nutrient contents did not indicate great differences among swage sludges from each sites, whereas the toxic heavy metal contents differed greatly. T-N, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and $NO_3{^-}-N$ contents from 21 sites sludges ranged 2.3-6.0, 291-4284, $1.4-58.8mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) contents ranged 2.86-58.22, 144.0-5417.3, N.D.-943.5, and $N.D.-8,083mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. One of the sludges was treated to soils at rates of 12.5, 25, 50. and 100, $Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and incubated for 12 weeks to determine nitrogen materialization rate. Ammoniun nitrogen content decreased sharply at higher rates of sludge treatment up to 8 weeks after treatment and did not change much, while $NO_3{^-}$ increased at all treatment levels. The net amount of mineralized N of sludge treatment rates (12.5, 25, 50, and $100Mg\;ha^{-1}$) during 12weeks incubation were 189.0, 277.2, 303.8 and $376.6mg\;kg^{-1}$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

The previous media has the function that was information of the contents was delivered by only content providers, but the current media makes the interactive function between content providers and general receivers. For this reason, the role of receivers are also expanded in the realm of multimedia and receivers have the roles of the sending and getting information for content user, not more receiver. The constituent members relative to content are content providers, users and user-created content. This paper introduces "the wonderland" the animation process management system for high-level user group. Also, most of images which are made of the animation process are publicly accessible, providing the public or the average user group for making resources easily by using "the wonderland." Although, the general user can get an environment to reedit their own new movie with making the most of provided movie sources are scene and cut units, according to one's taste and one's idea. The materialization of process management system can expand dramatically enough contents, and save the time to edit digital animation or movie, control numerous sources, made an animation processing, and the result output. Such "the wonderland" will significantly help to create future content.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.525-547
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• 2015

This study analyzed the written texts of textbook and the teacher's discourse explaining 'the relationship between quadratic functions and quadratic equations' in the 9th grade high school mathematics class. Data consisted of the lecture recordings and the textbooks were analyzed based on the Halliday's systemic functional linguistics. According to the results, the written texts of the textbook used lexico-grammatical strategies such as generalization using hyponomy of meanings, mathematical objectification through nominalization and materialization of meaning through change in themes to compose mathematical concepts. The textbook generalized from an example in the description of formulating mathematical concepts, and in this process the organizational interactions of discourse-semantic level and lexico-grammartical level appeared. On the other hand, the teacher's doscourse appeared the change in transitivity and the addition of the reasons and the process. Also the teacher used explanation process of formulating the relationship between quadratic functions and quadratic equations. The linguistic characteristics of the teacher were linguistic implication and omission of lexemes due to contextual ommission. And there was no use of structural lexico-grammatical resources that influence the discourse-semantic level. This results provide a new framework for analyzing mathematical discourse, and suggest the lexico-grammatical strategies that can be used to explain mathematical concepts by teachers in math classrooms.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.59-73
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• 2005

Caching query results and reusing them in processing of subsequent queries is an important query optimization technique. Materialized view and view indexing are the representative examples of such a technique. The two schemes had received much attention for relational databases, and have been investigated for XML data since XML emerged as the standard for data exchange on the Web. In XML view indexing, XML view xv which is the result of an XML query is represented as an XML view index(XVI), a structure containing the identifiers of xv's underlying XML elements as well as the information on xv. Since XVI for xv stores just the identifiers of the XML elements not the elements themselves, when xv is requested, its XVI should be materialized against xv's underlying XML documents. In this paper, we address the problem of integrating an XML view index management system with an RDBMS based XML storage system. The proposed system was implemented in Java on Windows 2000 Server with each of two different commercial RDBMSs, and used in evaluating performance improvement through XML view indexing as well as its overheads. The experimental results revealed that XML view indexing was very effective with an RDBMS based XML storage system while its overhead was negligible.