• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.603-612
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• 2014

Lots of networks are constructed in a large scale industrial complex. Each network meet their demands through production or transportation of materials which are needed to companies in a network. Network directly produces materials for satisfying demands in a company or purchase form outside due to demand uncertainty, financial factor, and so on. Especially utility network and hydrogen network are typical and major networks in a large scale industrial complex. Many studies have been done mainly with focusing on minimizing the total cost or optimizing the network structure. But, few research tries to make an integrated network model by connecting utility network and hydrogen network In this study, deterministic mixed integer linear programming model is developed for integrating utility network and hydrogen network. Steam Methane Reforming process is necessary for combining two networks. After producing hydrogen from Steam-Methane Reforming process whose raw material is steam vents from utility network, produced hydrogen go into hydrogen network and fulfill own needs. Proposed model can suggest optimized case in integrated network model, optimized blueprint, and calculate optimal total cost. The capability of the proposed model is tested by applying it to Yeosu industrial complex in Korea. Yeosu industrial complex has the one of the biggest petrochemical complex and various papers are based in data of Yeosu industrial complex. From a case study, the integrated network model suggests more optimal conclusions compared with previous results obtained by individually researching utility network and hydrogen network.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

In case of crushing rock to produce materials for lean concrete subbase layer in concrete pavement, natural sand is used for the gradation adjustment of aggregates, and the percentage of natural sand used is 30%~40% of the weight ratio of aggregate mix. The supply of natural sand that is used in lean concrete as a fine aggregate is getting harder due to the current of exhaustion of source, and the cost for the purchase of natural sand is included in the cost of roadway construction. This study, therefore, was conducted in order to resolve the exhaustion of materials and economize in construction expenditure by the application of screenings, which is by-product of crushing rock in quarry, as an alternative to natural sand. As a result of a comparative analysis on the application of screenings and natural sand with typical types of rock that is produced in domestic, which was conducted in the first year, It is found out that the use of screenings as a fine aggregate showed better unconfined compression strength. Verification of actual application of screenings was conducted in the second year, after test construction and follow-up investigation. The compressive strength, compaction density, settlement of screenings applied case was higher than that of natural sand. Thus, it is expected that application of screenings to construction in field will contribute to the cost saving, material recycling and the protection of environment.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

This thesis has an intention to examine how much Bobos, which has appeared as a new ruling class in the age of digital information economy, has had an influence on the fashion design and which aspect Bobos fashion assumes specifically. The existence of Bobos in Korea and its cultural disposition are examined. To do so, questionnaire survey has been performed for 400 persons. According to the result, it is shown that they control themselves thoroughly through exercise and have much interest in their health; for example, they prefer organic agricultural products and nonpolluting foods. They also consume goods reasonably, emphasizing on their own individuality, rather than purchase high-price articles for no good reason, and enjoy their life while seeking for success in the society. Such a disposition is almost same as that in the U.S, showing a small difference in the occupation or origins. It is examined which aspect Bobos fashion design, a new trend, assumes in more detail. Bobos seeks for a thing that is not cheap, has a recognized brand, and is not behind the fashion. They like the nature friendly, classical, and not vulgar thing. design should be casual and practical, and the quality of the material should be good. Especially, an individual disposition is emphasized in Bobos fashion, in which they disregard a brand and try to be the subject of a trend, by creating a fashion by themselves, to express their originality freely. Bobos fashion the first style it harmonizes the appear things not to be matching with each other and depending on pursuing the mix & match. The second style of Bobos fashion nature is friendship and fight. The hazard which it does like that the fact that it attempts is the composition characteristic of idea. The namely design is an utility cheap assuredly with high-class characteristic of subject matter is not a recognize cheap. The third style of Bobos fashion is expressed in nostalgic about the art. Of course Bobos style is not a possibility fashion as main stream of doing still today, but the effect of Bobos is magnified gradually from cultural, social, economic area. It analyzes style is a tendency where trend of the consumer is gradually converted marketing. This paper is meaningful in the sense that Bobos class, which has not been examined yet systematically, and the fashion are connected closely, and the fashion trend in the next is examined.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2009

Recently, mobile games are developed as the various genre and form with the hardware performance improvement and communication network speed increase of the mobile phone. But it shows the limit of the game material to be developed, because the mobile game has to play by using only the keypad handing of the mobile phone. In this research, 'Flip On / Off interface' and 'Microphone interface' were developed in order to utilize the physical device of the mobile phone as the game interface. 'Flip On / Off interface' and 'Microphone interface' have the advantage that there is no need to purchase a device as an additional interface with utilizing the hardware of the mobile phone itself and the progressing of a game is smooth in comparison with the keypad method of the pre-existence mobile game because the interface waiting time for a call response is short. Moreover, by applying to a commercializing game, the developed interface tests, we confirmed an availability at the commercialization inspection standards on mobile phone without the heap memory deficiency phenomenon to be smooth of an operation. Furthermore, in the result of usability evaluation accessability, reliability, and aesthetics were rated as 'high'. The results of this research reveal that the interface environment of the mobile game limited to a keypad will be able to be made with diversification.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1998

Consumers have recently preferred to purchase extensive UV intercepting products, which are waterproof and free from side effects on skin. During the testing of cytotoxicity (in-vitro) in neutral red (NR) method, cell survival ratio of UV-B interceptors decreased to just above 0.08 w/v%, and it was observed that the UV-A interceptors the ratio also decreased to just above 0.06 w/v%. In addition patch-tests of inorganic UV interceptors resulted in no skin irritation even below 10.0 and 11.25. In absorption curves, UV-B was most suitable for octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and UV-A for butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane (BMDM). For this reason, $Nylonpoly^{TM}$ UVA/UVB the material of OMC and BMDM coated with Nylon & polyethylene, was used as the organic UV interceptor. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) was used as inorganic UV interceptors. The appropriate mixture ratio of ZnO and $TiO_2$ was 6 to 4:6% of ZnO, 4% of $TiO_2$ and 5% of $Nylonpoly^{TM}$ UVA/UVB were all combined and added to our sunscreen cream. The SPF value of in-vitro was 38.9. In practical application, each sun protection factor (SPF) duration of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion and water-in-silicone (W/S) emulsion containing sunscreen cream of the same content showed that W/S type of sunscreen cream was 5 times as durable as the other. Therefore, this product is fit for use in swimming, climbing or skiing. This research is to minimize skin trouble caused by UV interceptors and to make one with proper softness, skin safety and UV intercepting efficiency.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2007

In SCM (supply chain management), companies are pursuing a new approach through which overall functions within the supply chain, ranging from material purchase to production, distribution, and sales are designed, planned, and managed in an integrated way. The core functions among them are production planning and distribution planning. As these problems are mutually related, they should be dealt with simultaneously in an integrated manner. SCM is large-scale and multi-stage problems. Also, its various kinds of internal or external factors can, at any time, dynamically bring a change to the existing plan or situation. Recently, many enterprises are moving toward an open architecture for integrating their activities with their suppliers, customers and other partners within the supply chain. Agent-based technology provides an effective approach in such environments. Multi-agent systems have been proven suitable to represent domains such as supply chain networks which involve interactions among manufacturing organization, their customers, suppliers, etc. with different individual goals and propriety information. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent system based on the genetic algorithm that make it possible to integrate the production and distribution planning on a real-time basis in SCM. The proposed genetic algorithm produced near optimal solution and we checked that there is a great difference in the results between integrated planning and non-integrated planning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.640-649
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• 2018

This study analyzed the consumer awareness of cycling wear using web mining, one of the big data analysis methods. For this, the texts of postings and comments related to cycling wear from 2006 to 2017 at Naver cafe, 'people who commute by bicycle' were collected and analyzed using R packages. A total of 15,321 documents were used for data analysis. The keywords of cycling wear were extracted using a Korean morphological analyzer (KoNLP) and converted to TDM (Term Document Matrix) and co-occurrence matrix to calculate the frequency of the keywords. The most frequent keyword in cycling wear was 'tights', including the opinion that they feel embarrassed because they are too tight. When they purchase cycling wear, they appeared to consider 'price', 'size', and 'brand'. Recently 'low price' and 'cost effectiveness' have become more frequent since 2016 than before, which indicates that consumers tend to prefer practical products. Moreover, the findings showed that it is necessary to improve not only the design and wearability, but also the material functionality, such as sweat-absorbance and quick drying, and the function of pad. These showed similar results to previous studies using a questionnaire. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an objective indicator that can be reflected in product development by real-time analysis of the opinions and requirements of consumers using web mining.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.189-204
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• 2016

The study is aimed at figuring out the effect of the consumers benefit, attitudes and interest when customers purchase functional food on purchasing intention and product a foundation of competitive power such as a customized product development for a marketing strategy by examining consumers' behavioral patterns. The range of functional food which is a subject of this study is included in the nutraceutical foods, protective foods in addition to biocontrol food. It surveyed about ages of 20 to 60 domestic residents who have taken functional food in order to conduct the study. Data used in this study was collected 353 answers in September 2016, and hierarchical analysis which is a demographic characteristic as control variables was conducted to verify the hypothesis using statistical program SPSS 21.0 The result of this study demonstrates that firstly, psychological pursued benefit secondly, health concern thirdly, health management attitude affects to functional purchasing intention. It is expecting that the result of this study will be used on the basic standards that are grasping and generalizing the needs of customers. In addition, it is also expecting to contribute to improvement of internal and external functional food industry as a functional food material development because it provides empirical customer behavior analysis result.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.659-672
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• 2008

There is a need to develop diverse cultivation species with reference to the favorites and farming experiences of allotment garden participants, in addition to the crops being cultivated in the gardens. In this study, therefore, a survey on the status of cultivation and the demand for herb crops for the garden participants was conducted. Current trend of the programmes related to allotment garden for city dwellers, executed by various relevant organizations was analyzed. A questionnaire was accomplished by adult participants experiencing farming in allotments. Likewise, interview with farm proprietors was conducted. The results showed that the number of crop species cultivated in allotments was about ten species. The purchase of seeds and nursery plants was mainly dependent on the farmland proprietors. The selection of the crops was made by both wife and husband. The status of herb utilization indicated that 5.7% of participants were cultivating or had cultivated herb plants. Sixty-two percent of participants were not cultivating herb plants because they did not know how. The purposes of using herbs were for medicine and beauty (22.0%), for spices (22.0%) and for enjoyment (29.0%). Thirty-four percent (34.0%) of participants were interested or would like to use the herbs in the future for medicine and beauty, 39.0% for spices and 31.7% for enjoyment. It is expected that the demand for herbs would increase. Also, 78.3% of participants had the intension or had taken into consideration to cultivate the herb plants, if the farmland proprietors would provide the plants. And, they had interest in planting, management and post harvest utilization and if a reference material would be provided as well. An approach to plant new crops might be possible to those who have more than four years of farming experience and possess relatively high level of cultivation techniques. In conclusion, the favorable crop cultivation strategy corresponding to the participants' abilities; and rental process were essential for the sustainable operation of allotment gardens and expanded number of participants. Moreover, there is a need to pay attention to the city dwellers who have a lot of farming experiences in allotment gardens to maintain agriculture and rural community. This is so, because they are interested in agriculture and rural community and most of them replied that they had intentions to move to rural areas in the future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

Purpose - Online shopping enables consumers to conveniently purchase products irrespective of the time and place. As a result, several online shopping companies have emerged to cater to this growing market and, therefore, the competition among them has become increasingly intense. This paper evaluates the comparative efficiency of online shopping companies for a multi-year period (2009-2013), in order to help online shopping managers identify major drivers for enhancing management efficiency and the subsequent competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected the data from 2009 to 2013 from the distribution yearbook. This paper analyzes the marketability (sales figures), profitability (business profits), and management conditions (net profits) of domestic online shopping enterprises by incorporating information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and capital). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and capital are selected as input variables, and sales figures, business profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure the comparative efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. In addition, the Malmquist Productivity Index was used to evaluate the trend of change of Decision Making Units' (DMUs') efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - First, as of 2013, Interpark (2.415) was found to be the most efficient online shopping enterprise, followed by Aladdin Communications (2.117), Hyundai Home shopping (1.867), Home&Shopping (1.176), NS Home shopping (1.170), Commerce Planet (1.126), CJ O Shopping (1.105), Ebay Korea (1.088), and GS Home Shopping (1.051). Second, this study recognizes how the management efficiency has changed for the period 2009-2013. Third, the lesser the capital and employees, the more are the net profits, and the better is the management efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. Lastly, the productivity of such companies is influenced by endogenous factors rather than exogenous factors such as shifts in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - DHC Korea influenced various distribution channels to reach customers through the Internet. Consequently, this helped in increasing the awareness about its products, in addition to an increase in sales. These achievements can be attributed to the characteristics of online shopping companies. Although it is easy for these companies to suggest goods for one-off purchases, they however have difficulties in retaining customers. Overcoming this challenge can be one of the ways to benchmark a successful case of an efficient company. For example, an online shopping company can attract customers by developing a corresponding mobile application as a convenient way to shop online. Additionally, they can satisfy customers by quick delivery of purchased products, which is possible by building an effective logistics network. Our study indicates that the productivity of an online shopping company was influenced by endogenous factors driven by improvements in managerial practices rather than exogenous factors. Accordingly, online shopping companies should adopt strategies to improve their operational efficiency rather than sales volume-oriented management.