• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.68-87
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• 1992

This study is the conditions of location according to formed the times in the clan village. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. in the 15th century, the characterestics of the village established residencial place where mountain stream flowed surrounded by the mountain and deep in the mountains with superior quality land. That's because Sa-dae-bu put equal importance on beautiful scenery and practical benefit for living. Stream House provided economical foundation for Sa-dae-bu to be able to keep confucial manners by putting limit their economic status to small medium sized land owner. Topographical condition such as valley or hollow separated from the exterior maintained unification of consanguineous village in self sufficient farming society and held on to independent territory against external to be able to stay away from turbulent days so that they formed residential area of Sa-dae-bu clan. And the valley where flowed clean water was considered as the connection of continuous place where distinctiveness of form in each curve and and factor of calm and dynamic scenery of the clean stream. Scholars in the middle of Chosun Dynasty located in the utopia as place for confucious retirement to study, a place for refinement by combination with the nature or as a way of spacial practice based on Confucious view of nature. 2. in the 16th-l7th century, Most of existing consanguineous villages adopt deep in the mountains for refuge. at that place, upward rank was established by settlement of the ancestor who entered in the village first, the principal was placed in the center of the village and since descendants became numerous, it was serialized as the space of descendants. So, it was arranged in the order of social rank. Most of the villages showed development step by step started from precaution by apperance of the mountain to the lower part. It's because the topography of valley around the village worked as the natural hedge against external force and genealogy of the clan, regularity of social status, order of entrance into the village were reflected into residencial destribution. Also, order of the rank coincided with the one of aspects on geomancy. Genealogical rank within the village represented spacial rank. Houses of descendants and branch families were placed lower than the principal which showed worship to the principal. 3. In 18th century after, as the village was settled nearby cultivated land considering economical loss caused by long distance between residencial area and cultivated land, direction of sect followed by development of village expanded from the front part of the village to the rear part. The principal that was poped out to the front presented frontage over exterior. Therefore, residencial area of branch families expanded to the rear starting from the principal. This represented a slice of social structure at that time. after 18th century, spirit was percieved superior over material, After then, development of cultivation and expantion of land created difference of economic strength within one village. In order to maintain and show off the status of Yang-ban, economic power of indigenous land owner became fundamental, so, sense to worship and to keep the principal became weak eventually. Taking advantage of that situation, residencial area of branch family expanded to the rear part of the principal which showed dual disposition conflicted with each other. However, these clan rules were destroyed and new rules were created after 18th century because of the situation and consciousness at that time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2005

배경: 단독 대동맥판막 치환술의 중기 임상성적과 그 예후에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들을 본원의 증례로 분석해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 1월부터 2003년 2월까지 단독 대동맥판막 치환술을 시행 받은 80명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자는 남자 58명, 여자 22명이었으며 연령분포는 최저 12세에서 최고 75세로 평균연령은 $46.8{\pm}13.0$세였다. 술후 급성심근경색으로 인한 조기사망이 1예$(1.3\%)$였으며, 1명의 조기사망 예와 연락이 되지 않는 5예를 제외한 74명을 외래추적 및 전화설문을 시행하여 최단 6개월에서 최장 117개월까지 평균 $44.2{\pm}29.7$개월을 추적조사 하였으며 총 누적기간은 272.8 환자-년이었다. 결과: 재원기간 내 합병증은 창상감염 12예(표재성감염: 11예, 종격동염: 1예), 부정맥 11예(일시적: 9예, 지속적: 2예), 저심박출증 3예, 늑막삼출 3예, 섬망 3예, 출혈으로 인한 재수술 2예 등이 있었다. 판막관련 만기 합병증은 총 7예($2.6\%/$환자-년)으로 항응고제 관련 출혈이 2예($0.7\%$/환자-년), 치환판막 심내막염이 2예, 경도의 판막주변부 누출이 2예, 치환판막기능부전으로 대동맥판막 재치환술을 받은 경우가 1예$(0.4\%/환자-년)$등이었다. 만기 사망은 4명이었으며 그중 담도암과 위암으로 인한 사망이 각각 1예씩 있었으며 술 후 4개월에 치환판막감염 및 뇌전색증으로 인한 사망 1예, 술후 38개월에 심부전으로 사망한 1예가 있어 심장과 관련 있는 사망은 2예($0.7\%$/환자-년)였다. 결론: 60세 이상의 연령(p=0.04), 술전 NYHA 기능분류(III, IV)(p=0.048), 술전 크레아틴 농도(>1.2mg/100 ml)(p=0.031), 대동맥교차차단시간(>90분)(p=0.042)이 통계적으로 유의하게 조기사망 및 유병률에 연관이 있었다 만기 사망 및 유병률에 영향을 주는 것으로는 60세 이상 연령, 술전 NYHA기능분류(III, IV), 술전 크레아틴 농도(>1.2 mg/100 ml), 총체외순환시간(>120분) 등이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 판막관련 합병증 비발생률은 $86.4{\pm}5.3\%$였으며, Kaplan-Meier식 보험통계적 10년 생존률은 $90.8{\pm}4.6\%$였다.