The Mid Term Clinical Result and the Risk Factor Analysis of Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement

단독 대동맥판막 치환술의 중기 성적과 그 위험인자에 대한 분석

  • Park Jae-Min (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Jun Hee-Jae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Yoon Young-Chul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Lee Yang-Hang (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Hwang Yoon-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Cho Kwang Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Han Il-Yong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University)
  • 박재민 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 전희재 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 윤영철 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이양행 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 황윤호 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 조광현 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 한일용 (인제대학교 부속 부산백병원 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2005.12.01

Abstract

Background: The aims of this paper were to review the mid term clinical results and to analyze the preoperative risk factors of isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR). Material and Method: Between January 1992 and February 2003, 80 patients underwent isolated AVR. 58 were male and 22 were female patients, raging from 12 to 75 years of age (mean :$46.8{\pm}13.0$ years). 74 patients except one early death and 5 follow-up loss were contacted by OPD or by telephone. The mean duration of follow-up was $44.2{\pm}29.7$ months and the total cumulative period was 272.8 patient-year. Result: The complications in hospital occurred in 35 cases : 12 wound problems (11 superficial, 1 deep), 11 arrhythmias (9 temporary, 2 persistent), 3 low cardiac output, and so forth. The late deaths were 4 cases : the heart-related deaths were 2 cases ($0.7\%$ patient-year). Conclusion: The risk factors that influenced the early mortality and morbidity were older age (> 60 years)(p=0.04), poor preoperative NYHA functional class (> 3) (p=0.048), high preoperative serum creatinin level (> 1.2 mg/100 ml)(p=0.031), long operation time (aortic clamping time>90 min)(p=0.042). The same factors influenced the late mortality and morbidity. Freedom from valve-related complication was $86.4{\pm}5.3\%,$ actuarial survival rate were $96.8{\pm}2.3\%$ at 3 years and $90.8{\pm}4.6\%$ at 10 years.

배경: 단독 대동맥판막 치환술의 중기 임상성적과 그 예후에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들을 본원의 증례로 분석해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 1월부터 2003년 2월까지 단독 대동맥판막 치환술을 시행 받은 80명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자는 남자 58명, 여자 22명이었으며 연령분포는 최저 12세에서 최고 75세로 평균연령은 $46.8{\pm}13.0$세였다. 술후 급성심근경색으로 인한 조기사망이 1예$(1.3\%)$였으며, 1명의 조기사망 예와 연락이 되지 않는 5예를 제외한 74명을 외래추적 및 전화설문을 시행하여 최단 6개월에서 최장 117개월까지 평균 $44.2{\pm}29.7$개월을 추적조사 하였으며 총 누적기간은 272.8 환자-년이었다. 결과: 재원기간 내 합병증은 창상감염 12예(표재성감염: 11예, 종격동염: 1예), 부정맥 11예(일시적: 9예, 지속적: 2예), 저심박출증 3예, 늑막삼출 3예, 섬망 3예, 출혈으로 인한 재수술 2예 등이 있었다. 판막관련 만기 합병증은 총 7예($2.6\%/$환자-년)으로 항응고제 관련 출혈이 2예($0.7\%$/환자-년), 치환판막 심내막염이 2예, 경도의 판막주변부 누출이 2예, 치환판막기능부전으로 대동맥판막 재치환술을 받은 경우가 1예$(0.4\%/환자-년)$등이었다. 만기 사망은 4명이었으며 그중 담도암과 위암으로 인한 사망이 각각 1예씩 있었으며 술 후 4개월에 치환판막감염 및 뇌전색증으로 인한 사망 1예, 술후 38개월에 심부전으로 사망한 1예가 있어 심장과 관련 있는 사망은 2예($0.7\%$/환자-년)였다. 결론: 60세 이상의 연령(p=0.04), 술전 NYHA 기능분류(III, IV)(p=0.048), 술전 크레아틴 농도(>1.2mg/100 ml)(p=0.031), 대동맥교차차단시간(>90분)(p=0.042)이 통계적으로 유의하게 조기사망 및 유병률에 연관이 있었다 만기 사망 및 유병률에 영향을 주는 것으로는 60세 이상 연령, 술전 NYHA기능분류(III, IV), 술전 크레아틴 농도(>1.2 mg/100 ml), 총체외순환시간(>120분) 등이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 판막관련 합병증 비발생률은 $86.4{\pm}5.3\%$였으며, Kaplan-Meier식 보험통계적 10년 생존률은 $90.8{\pm}4.6\%$였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Edmunds LH Jr., Clark RE, Cohn LH, Miller DC, Weisel RD. Guidelines for reporting morbidity and mortality after cardiac valvular operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 96:351-3
  2. Hunfnagal CA, Harcvey WR. The Surgical correction of aortic regurgitation. Preliminary, Bull Georgetown Univ Med 1953;6:60-1
  3. Harken DE, Soroff HS. Partial and complete prosthesis in aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1960;40:744- 52
  4. Fernandez J, Laub GW, Adkins MS, et al. Early and late-phase events after valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical prosthesis in 1200 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:394-407
  5. Michell RS, Miller DC, Stinson EB, et al. Significant patient-related determinants of prosthetic valve performance. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986;91:807-17
  6. Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, Tayer PC, et al. Primary isolated aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;97: 675-94
  7. Scott WC, Miller DC, Haverich A, et al. Determinants of operative mortality for patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;89:400-13
  8. Louagie Y, Brrohet C, Robert A, et al. Factors influencing postoperative survival in aortic regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984;88:225-33
  9. Wideman FE, Blackstone EH, Kirklin, et al. Hospital mortality of rereplacement of the aortic valve: incremental risk factors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981;82:692-8
  10. Johnson LW, Hapanowicz MB, Buonanno C, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in isolated aortic stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95:603-7
  11. Kim WS, Lee JR, Kim KB, et al. A clinical study of isolated aortic valve replacement: A univariate analysis of risk factors. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 1993;1:137-42 https://doi.org/10.1177/021849239300100309
  12. Park KH, Kim H, Choi KJ, et al. Midterm results of aortic root enlargement with AVR in patients with narrow aortic root and AS. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;33: 277-84
  13. Hammermeister KE, Henderson WG, Burchfiel CM, et al. Comparision of outcome after valve replacement with a bioprosthesis versus a mechanical prosthesis: initial 5 year results of a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;10: 719 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(87)80263-2
  14. Byork VO. Discussion of byrd. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981;82;674-83
  15. Weinstein L. Infective endocarditis. In: Braunwald E. The Heart: A textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelpia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1980;1178
  16. Galloway AC, Colvin SB, Baumann FG. A Comparison of mitral valve reconstruction with mitral valve replacement : intermediate-term results. Ann Thorac Surg 1989;47:655-62 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(89)90113-6
  17. Park DW, Hwang YH, Choi KJ, et al. Clinical Study of isolated and combined aortic valve replacement. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;32;262-9