• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2000

This paper introduces a new technique that reduces the search times and Improves the accuracy of motion estimation using high temporal and spatial correlation of motion vector. Instead of using the fixed first search Point of previously proposed search algorithms, the proposed method finds more accurate first search point as to compensating searching area using high temporal and spatial correlation of motion vector. Therefore, the main idea of proposed method is to find first search point to improve the performance of motion estimation and reduce the search times. The proposed method utilizes the direction of the same coordinate block of the previous frame compared with a block of the current frame to use temporal correlation and the direction of the adjacent blocks of the current frame to use spatial correlation. Based on these directions, we compute the first search point. We search the motion vector in the middle of computed first search point with two fixed search patterns. Using that idea, an efficient adaptive predicted direction search algorithm (APDSA) for block matching motion estimation is proposed. In the experimental results show that the PSNR values are improved up to the 3.6dB as depend on the Image sequences and advanced about 1.7dB on an average. The results of the comparison show that the performance of the proposed APDSA algorithm is better than those of other fast search algorithms whether the image sequence contains fast or slow motion, and is similar to the performance of the FS (Full Search) algorithm. Simulation results also show that the performance of the APDSA scheme gives better subjective picture quality than the other fast search algorithms and is closer to that of the FS algorithm.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2002

Objective : To test if the intake of $H_2$ receptor antagonists ($H_2$-RAs) increases the risk of gastric cancer in the elderly. Methods : The source population for this study was drawn from the responders to a questionnaire survey administered to the Korea Elderly Pharmacoepidemiological Cohort (KEPEC), who were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, were at least 65 years old, and residing in Busan in 1999. The information on $H_2$-RAs exposure was obtained from a drug prescription database compiled between inn. 1993 and Dec. 1994. The cases consisted of 76 gastric cancer patients, as confirmed from the KMIC claims data, the National Cancer Registry and the Busan Cancer Registry. The follow-up period was from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998. Cancer free controls were randomly selected by 1:4 individual matching, which took in to consideration the year of birth and gender. Information on confounders was collected by a mail questionnaire survey. The odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. Results : After adjusting for a history of gastric ulcer symptoms, medication history, and body mass index, the adjusted OR (aOR) was 4.6 (95% CI=1.72-12.49). The odds ratio of long term use (more than 7 days) was 2.3 (95% CI=1.07-4.82). The odds ratio of short term use was 4.6 (95% CI=1.26-16.50). The odds ratio of parenteral use was 4.4 195% CI=1.16-17.05) and combination use between the oral and parenteral routes (aOR, 16.8; 95% CI=1.21-233.24) had the high risk of gastric cancer. The aOR of cimetidine was 1.7 (95% CI=1.04-2.95). The aOR of ranitidine was 2.0 (95% CI=1.21-3.40). The aOR of famotidine was 1.7 (95% CI=0.98-2.80). Conclusion : The intake of $H_2$-RAs might increase the risk of gastric cancer through achlorhydria in the elderly.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.383-397
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• 2000

This study of purpose was to define the relationship between the stress and climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women in order to provide basic data for the development of women's health care program as nursing intervention. The research tools used were a Soon-Young Park's stress questionnaire (4 points scale) and a self diagnostic MENSI scale (3 points scale) developed by a research team of Ill-Yang Pharmacy Co. This research was conducted in Korea in Muan-Gun. Chonnam province, from 22th November to 20th December 1999. The research used a survey design. Seven hundred eleven healthy middle-aged women, aged 40 to 64, and were a convenience sample by stratified ratio using the matching fixed residential and aging blocks. The data were analyzed by GLM. Pearson correlation coefficient and Scheffe test using SAS/ PC+. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The percentage of psychological stress with the following items was: fatigue and enervation, 70.0%; nervous, 61.8%; weakness, 58.5%; The percentage of physical stress with the following items were ; fatigue of eye. 82.3%; backache, 78.0%; headache, 73.8%. 2. The level of psychological stress was 40% of below average level (0-5 points), 31.7 of average level (6-12points), 20.8% of precaution level (13-19 points), and 7.5% of warning level (over 20points). The level of physical stress were 20.1% of below average level (0-5 points), 34.8 of average level (6-12 points), 29.4 of precaution level (13-19 points), and 15.7% of warning level (over 20 points). There were higher physical stress level than psychological stress level of the subjects. 3. The percentage of climacteric symptoms with the following items were : numbness, 75.3%; forgetfulness, 71.0%; pain of joints, 71.0%. The level of climacteric symptoms were 61.8% of mild level 1(10-15 points), 33.0% of moderate level (16-30 points), 5.2% of severe level (over 31 points). 4. There were high positive correlations significantly between the climacteric symptoms and the psychological stress (r=.564. P<0.000), and between the climacteric symptoms and the physical stress of the subjects(r=.678, P<0.000). 5. There were significant differences in the climacteric symptoms of the subjects among below average level, average level, precaution level, and warning level of the psychological stress (F=74.108. P<0.000. Scheffe test). 6. There were significant differences in the climacteric symptoms of the subjects among below average level, average level and precaution level, and warning level of the physical stress ((F=128.181, P<0.000, Scheffe test). In summary, climacteric symptoms complained by middle-aged women are high positive correlated to the level of the stress. Also climacteric symptoms were affected by stress.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.147-163
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• 2016

Gender information of a smart device user is essential to provide personalized services, and multi-modal data obtained from the device is useful for predicting the gender of the user. However, the method for utilizing each of the multi-modal data for gender prediction differs according to the characteristics of the data. Therefore, in this study, an ensemble method for predicting the gender of a smart device user by using three classifiers that have text, application, and acceleration data as inputs, respectively, is proposed. To alleviate privacy issues that occur when text data generated in a smart device are sent outside, a classification method which scans smart device text data only on the device and classifies the gender of the user by matching text data with predefined sets of word. An application based classifier assigns gender labels to executed applications and predicts gender of the user by comparing the label ratio. Acceleration data is used with Support Vector Machine to classify user gender. The proposed method was evaluated by using the actual smart device log data collected from an Android application. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the compared methods.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

Process of recognizing objects in binary images consists of image segmentation and pattern matching. If binary objects in the image are assumed to be separated, global features such as area, length of perimeter, or the ratio of the two can be used to recognize the objects in the image. However, if such an assumption is not valid, the global features can not be used but local features such as points or line segments should be used to recognize the objects. In this paper points with large curvature along the perimeter are chosen to be the feature points, and pairs of points selected from them are used as local features. Similarity of two local features are defined using elastic deformation energy for making the lengths and angles between gradient vectors at the end points same. Neighbour support value is defined and used for robust recognition of partially occluded binary objects. An experiment on Kimia-25 data showed that the proposed algorithm runs 4.5 times faster than the maximum clique algorithm with same recognition rate.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.502-507
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• 2013

In this paper, a circular dual mode horn with modified aperture is proposed to improve a E/H-plane radiation pattern symmetry of a conventional oversized circular dual mode horn. The proposed antenna consists of a feeding section, a mode generation section and a phase matching section which has aperture shape transition from circle to ellipse or rectangle to improve a E/H-plane radiation pattern symmetry. To compare the performances between the proposed antenna and the convenional circular dual mode horn, the conventional circular dual mode horn and the proposed circular dual mode horn with rectangular aperture are fabricated and researched at 15 GHz. The measured results show that the conventional circular dual mode horn has 3.394 dB difference while the proposed antenna has only 0.539 dB difference between E and H-plane radiation patterns within the -11 dB beamwidth($53^{\circ}$) which is required beamwidth of the feed horn for the maximum aperture efficiency where f/d ratio of reflector antenna is 1.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2018

In this paper, a dual-band microstrip-fed monopole antenna with a DGS(defected ground structure) for WLAN(wireless local area network) applications is presented. The antenna consists of a monopole and a defected ground, which were etched on both sides of the FR-4 substrate. The defected ground structure was used to obtain the dual band, while the step-by-step reduction in the monopole width was used to improve the impedance matching of the antenna. The antenna has an overall compact size of $44{\times}51{\times}1.6mm^3$, which was optimized by varying the size of the monopole and the ground plane such that it may resonate at the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands of the WLAN. The measurement results showed that the antenna operates in the frequency band of 210 MHz(2.29~2.50 GHz) and 900 MHz(5.05~5.95 GHz) for a VSWR under 2, and showed omnidirectional radiation pattern at all desired frequencies.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical results of surgical treatment with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for treating displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus in comparison with conventional lateral extensile approach plate osteosynthesis. Materials and Methods: Of 79 cases of Sanders type II or III calcaneus fractures, 15 cases treated with the minimally invasive calcaneal plate (group M) and 64 cases treated with lateral extensile approach calcaneal plate (group E) were identified. After successful propensity score matching considering age, sex, diabetes mellitus history, and Sanders type (1:3 ratio), 15 cases (group M) and 45 cases (group E) were matched and the demographic, radiologic, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: The median time of surgery from injury was 2.0 days in group M and 6.0 days in group E (p=0.014). At the six months follow-up, group M showed results comparable with those of group E in radiographic outcomes. In the clinical outcomes, group M showed better postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores than did group E (p=0.001, p=0.008). A greater range of subtalar motion was achieved at the six months follow-up in group M (inversion 20.0° vs. 10.0°, p=0.002; eversion 10.0° vs. 5.0°, p=0.025). Although there were no significant differences in complications between the two groups (1 [6.7%] vs. 7 [15.6%], group M vs. group E; p=0.661), there was only one sural nerve injury and no wound dehiscence and deep infection in group M. Conclusion: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis showed superior clinical outcomes compared with that of the conventional lateral extensile approach plate osteosynthesis in Sanders type II or III calcaneus fractures. We suggest applying minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in Sanders type II or III calcaneus fractures.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 2004

Motion Estimation(ME) has been developed to reduce temporal redundancy in digital video signals and increase data compression ratio. ME is an Important part of video encoding systems, since it can significantly affect the output quality of encoded sequences. However, ME requires high computational complexity, it is difficult to apply to real time video transmission. for this reason, motion estimation algorithms with low computational complexity are viable solutions. In this paper, we present an efficient method with low computational complexity based on spatial and temporal correlations of motion vectors. The proposed method uses temporally and spatially correlated motion information, the motion vector of the block with the same coordinate in the reference frame and the motion vectors of neighboring blocks around the current block in the current frame, to decide the search pattern and the location of search starting point adaptively. Experiments show that the image quality improvement of the proposed method over MVFAST (Motion Vector Field Adaptive Search Technique) and PMVFAST (Predictive Motion Vector Field Adaptive Search Technique) is 0.01～0.3(dB) better and the speedup improvement is about 1.12～l.33 times faster which resulted from lower computational complexity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4165-4170
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• 2012

In this paper, a method for the improvement in the gain and bandwidth of a microstrip-fed broadband planar quasi-Yagi antenna (QYA) is studied. The broadband characteristics of the QYA are achieved from the coplanar strip-fed planar dipole driver and a parasitic director close to the driver. In order to obtain stable gain variation over the required frequency band, a director and a ground reflector are appended to the driver having a nearby parasitic director. The QYA is fed through an integrated balun composed of a microstrip line and a slot line which are terminated in a short circuit. By adjusting the feeding point, a broadband impedance matching is obtained. A QYA with an operating frequency band of 1.75-2.7 GHz and a gain > 4.5 dBi is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm. The experimental results show that the fabricated antenna has good performance such as a broad bandwidth of 59.7%(1.55-2.87 GHz), a stable gain between 4.7-6.5 dBi, and a front-to-back ratio > 10 dB. The measured data agree well with the simulation, which validates this study.