• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.19
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• pp.209-240
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• 1992

The costume of any nation is an attribute of a culture. This study concerns chinese and Mongolian costume's 'collar' form according to the observation of some reports about import folk materials and the pictures of the genuine objects, the author has investigated and rearranged them focusing on 13th Century's. 1. Traditional OverCoat or National costume on the poing of won dynasty in china such as Jacket, Coat, Mantle for making classical matching color, lacing, pearl pieces, and all costume shall be properly decorated and disigned. The example, Chinese Women's Gown and Double Jacket, on top of alignment of plaid, focus shall be placed on chinese classical form and color-matching, such as flowers and bireds, butterflies, made wishing ornaments, which shall be either hand painted or embroidered on collars, fronts, sleeves openings, and lower portion of gown. 2. Mongolian Costume, the stone status of a person, are seen at the territory of the Republic of Mongolia was a powerful country of Asia. So during the Mongolian Empire a lot of Missions from many countries came to kharakorom for establishing official relations between Mongolia and a country represented by mission. In particularly, the costume of mongols on the point of Chinggis khan Empire which the upper clothes in cluded ; a several kinds of the Caftan as compared with in Korea as to material (Silk caftan, Cotton Caftan, Fur Caftan) with closing to the right due to overlapping and Stand-up-Shawl Collars will pancho style & Round or V Neckline. 3. As compared with in Korea it is said that this a sort of Simui was brought in prior to the middle of Koryeo dynasty. Korean Simui system was complied with chinese system through confucian domestic behaviour. This was respected for court dress of confucian scholars, as it was, Chumri can ordinary dress of schloars) and Hakchangui ( a uniform of confucian student). Generally its form or shape of the outer lapels of Korean jacket were used together Squar-Tray-Collar. In late Yi-dynasty the inside collar length was longer than the outside collar length and the width of the collar was gradually narrow. And so the Traditional costume's outer collar of Jacket and OverCoat became small while the width and length of breast-tie became large. The same thing as the form of the collar on these days had been appeared by the design method or adjust one's dress. Therefore the form of collar in the china and Mongolian Traditional OverCoat & National Costume is fix arranged according to Stand up Collar, Without Collar, Clothing to the Right, Central opening, Horizontal Row of Button with Round or V Neckline and so on.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2022

Background: While the use of bioprosthetic valves for mitral valve replacement (MVR) is increasing, very few studies have compared bovine pericardial and porcine valves in the mitral position to help guide bioprosthetic selection. Methods: In the present study, patients who underwent MVR using bovine pericardial valves were compared with those who underwent MVR with porcine bioprostheses between January 1996 and July 2018. Those with prior MVR, infective endocarditis, congenital mitral valve disease, or ischemic mitral regurgitation were excluded. The primary outcomes were structural valve deterioration (SVD) and mitral valve reoperation from any cause, and death was regarded as a competing risk. Competing risk analysis and propensity score-matching were used for comparisons. Results: Among the 388 patients enrolled, pericardial and porcine bioprostheses were implanted in 217 (55.9%) and 171 (44.1%), respectively. Propensity score-matching yielded 122 pairs of patients that were well-balanced for all baseline covariates. No significant differences were observed between the groups in unadjusted (p=0.09) and adjusted overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.76; p=0.60). Competing risk analysis revealed no significant differences in the risks of mitral reoperation (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.50-2.27; p=0.86) and development of SVD (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.56-4.36; p=0.39) between the groups. Matched population analysis confirmed similar results regarding reoperation (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.40-3.22; p=0.98) and SVD (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.41-4.73; p=0.60). Conclusion: No significant differences in survival or valve durability were observed between bovine pericardial and porcine bioprosthetic MVR. These findings require further validation through studies with larger sample sizes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of occlusal carious restorations using nanofill and microhybrid composites, in combination with 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesives, in patients who were going to commence orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 restorations for occlusal caries were conducted prior to orthodontic treatment. Occlusal restorations were performed both with Filtek Supreme XT (3M ESPE) and Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) before beginning orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic bands. Restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5-year recalls. Results: None of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT) composite restorations was clinically unacceptable with respect to color match, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomical form, recurrent caries, marginal adaptation, or surface texture. A 100% success rate was recorded for both composite materials. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the clinical evaluation criteria between Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme XT restorations for each evaluation period. Conclusions: The composite restorations showed promising clinical results relating to color matching, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomical form, recurrent caries, marginal adaptation, and surface texture at the end of the 5-year evaluation period.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1054-1064
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• 2009

In this work, we predict a true fracture strain using load-displacement curves from tensile test and finite element analysis (FEA), and suggest a method for acquiring true stress-strain (SS) curves by predicted fracture strain. We first derived the true SS curve up to necking point from load-displacement curve. As the beginning, the posterior necking part of true SS curve is linearly extrapolated with the slope at necking point. The whole SS curve is then adopted for FE simulation of tensile test. The Bridgman factor or suitable plate correction factors are applied to pre and post FEA. In the load-true strain curve from FEA, the true fracture strain is determined as the matching point to test fracture load. The determined true strain is validated by comparing with test fracture strain. Finally, we complete the true SS curve by combining the prior necking part and linear part, the latter of which connects necking and predicted fracture points.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.370-378
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• 2003

MFD (Make up Film Deterioration) is a gradual deterioration of applied make up and is a common problem experienced by most foundation users. Our investigation revealed that for 64% of all make up users MFD is their greatest consern is using foundations. Known that the primary cause of MFD is sebum secretion. We observed that the length of time prior to onset of MFD in people who produce high level of sebum varies significantly from person to person. This suggests that other factors besides quantity of sebum production can affect MFD. Control over this factor would, we believe, be key to developing longer-lasting makeups. We studied the relationship between MFD and skin surface conditions. Our study revealed that furrows on the skin surface affect MFD significantly. Sebum reaches the skin surface from sebaceous glands and flows along furrow on the skin. If there are many deep furrows, it takes longer for sebum to overflow. But if the furrows are few or shallow, sebum quickly overflows and spreads over the skin surface where it can degrade the make up film. Therefore even when the volume of sebum produced is the same, the rate of MFD will be different depending on the number and shape of the furrows. A longer-lasting foundation could be produced by matching personal skin condition, but this would be very difficult because individual variations in texture are very large. Therefore we approached the problem by attempting to impose sebum resistance in under make up and foundation. We have developed two new materials and make up products based on our theory. A new fluoroalkyl acrylate-methacrylates copolymer designed for incorporation in under make up is extremely sebum resistant and sweat proof. Another new acrylate polymer designed for inclusion in foundation absorbs sebum and changes to a solid. Usage tests confirm it is possible to reduce MFD by using under make up and foundation which incorporate our new materials to cover where skin furrows are few or shallow

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1621-1627
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• 2004

The decrease of visual quality at scene change occurs when the difference between the amount of target bits and actual coding is high. Especially, scene change at the P-Picture can lead to severely degrade visual qualities at itself and the pictures referencing it. In this paper, under the occurrence of scene change, we propose a new method, based on the analysis of existing inaccurate bits allocation, to improve the visual qualities of scene-changed and following pictures. The method allocates extra bits to scene-changed Picture and changes them upto the level of the complexity of intra picture. Also, the method changes target bits of following pictures upto the complexity of picture prior to the scene change. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method has improved 0.5-1.2dB higher than TM5 method in terms of PSNR.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.67-77
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• 2004

A treatment of outlier has been discussed. Outliers disrupt the reliability of information systems and they should be eliminated prior to the information and/or data fusion. A time series-based elimination algorithm were proposed and prediction interval, as a criterion of acceptable value width, was obtained with the model. Ten actual link values were used and the best model was identified as IMA(1,1). Although the actual verification was difficult in a sense that the matching process between the eliminated data and model data was not readily available, the proposed model can be successfully used in practice with some calibration efforts.

• The Journal of Korean Diabetes
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a new anti-hyperglycemic agent that have function to concomitantly inhibit the reabsorption of glucose and sodium in the renal proximal convoluting tubule. Recent two cardiovascular outcome trials showed that a lower risk of cardiovascular events with SGLT2i in people with type 2 diabetes. In addition, prior real-world data demonstrated similar SGLT2i effects, but these studies were limited to the United States and Europe. Thus, the CVD-REAL (Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors) 2 Study was investigated cardiovascular outcomes in those initiated on SGLT2i versus other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs) across 6 countries in the Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and North American regions. In Korea, 336,644 episodes of initiation in SGLT2i or oGLD group between September 2014 and December 2016 were identified in Korea National Health Insurance database after propensity score matching. SGLT2i users was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67~0.77), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82~0.92), all-cause death or HHF (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.78~0.85), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.74~0.89), and stroke (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78~0.86) compared with oGLD users. In conclusion, initiation of SGLT2i had a lower risk of cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes compared with oGLDs.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.14-20
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present a smart QR code recording system and a method of non­storage data delivery that transforms the original data into a form of URL information by encrypting it and encoding the URL information into a QR code so that the QR code can be written and decrypted in a medium without storing the original data. The method of the study was presented by the prior art study and the literature research. Analysis results show that the system is built on the online administration server. The data input signal matching secret code is stored in DB, the QR code generation command converts input data from the password DB to the password information combined into the subordinate locator of the admin server's domain name, URL code. Therefore, the smart QR method of data management (recording and providing) indicates that there are no limitations in the ease and space of use or obstacles to capacity use.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.44.1-44.16
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• 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating autoimmune diseases and managing various conditions, such as engraftment of allogeneic islets. Additionally, autologous and HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs can aid in the engraftment of human allogeneic kidneys with or without low doses of tacrolimus, respectively. However, HLA alloantigens are problematic because cell therapy uses more HLA-mismatched allogeneic cells than autologous for convenience and standardization. In particular, HLA-mismatched MSCs showed increased Ag-specific T/B cells and reduced viability faster than HLA-matched MSCs. In CRISPR/Cas9-based cell therapy, Cas9 induce T cell activation in the recipient's immune system. Interestingly, despite their immunogenicity being limited to the cells with foreign Ags, the accumulation of HLA alloantigen-sensitized T/B cells may lead to allograft rejection, suggesting that alloantigens may have a greater scope of adverse effects than foreign Ags. To avoid alloantigen recognition, the β2-microglobulin knockout (B2MKO) system, eliminating class-I MHC, was able to avoid rejection by alloreactive CD8 T cells compared to controls. Moreover, universal donor cells in which both B2M and Class II MHC transactivator (CIITA) were knocked out was more effective in avoiding immune rejection than single KO. However, B2MKO and CIITA KO system remain to be controlled and validated for adverse effects such as the development of tumorigenicity due to deficient Ag recognition by CD8 T and CD4 T cells, respectively. Overall, better HLA-matching or depletion of HLA alloantigens prior to cell therapy can reduce repetitive transplantation through the long-term survival of allogeneic cell therapy, which may be especially important for patients seeking allogeneic transplantation.