• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2013

Purpose - It is widely accepted that the process of developing marketing strategy is composed of three steps: market segmentation, target market selection and positioning. However, mass marketing strategy based on cost reduction through economies of scale and standardized products, can be also an effective strategic option. Many marketing scholars including Theodore Levitt emphasize the importance of applying the mass production concept to various industries including service industries. Especially, in times of economic downturn, the capability of providing consumers with low-priced, value products can be an important source of competitive advantage, as well as the ability of providing high-priced premium products. Marketers should decide whether they will implement mass marketing strategy or target marketing strategy. The present study theoretically shows that firms should understand the target customers' price elasticity as well as the firm's cost structure in order to make such a strategic decision. Research design, data, and methodology - Instead of implementing an empirical study, this study provides a theoretical(mathematical) investigation on the effect of consumers' price elasticity on a firm's optimal price level, profit, sales volume, revenue, and cost. The results are mostly deduced from derivative calculations and several graphs are utilized to represent the results on the relationships between the variables under study. Results - The analytical results suggest that it is more profitable for a firm to adopt the segment/target marketing strategy (more specifically the differentiation strategy) when the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is high and the proportion of the fixed cost in the total cost is low. On the other hand, if the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is low and the fixed cost is high, it is better to adopt the mass marketing strategy or the cost leadership strategy. The strategy of concentrating on a single target market will be effective when consumers' needs are highly heterogeneous but the fixed cost is high. Any of the three types of generic strategies proposed my Porter(1980, 1985) can be applied when both the consumers' heterogeneity and the fixed cost are low. This study also proposes the contribution-margin-based method for developing the optimal pricing strategy. Conclusions - One of the primary roles of marketers is to find a proper compromise between the two conflicting goals of maximizing customer satisfaction and minimizing cost. In order to do so, he or she should understand the characteristics of the target customers as well as the cost structure of the firm. In addition to the theoretical analyses, this study discusses several business cases and explains how superior companies find the optimal compromise position between these two goals and dominate the market. One of the radical changes recently taking place in business arena is the reduction of production and distribution costs of both physical goods and information due to the advancement and the wide diffusion of information technology. The cost reduction combined with lowered priced elasticity incurred by customized products and services, will enable many firms to adopt the mass customization strategy.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 2023

Mass production has long been the most important production paradigm in establishing a company's strategy as a method of producing various products. However, mass production cannot now be the most important paradigm as companies' competitive environment and consumer needs diversify. In particular, consumers' needs are becoming more diverse and rapidly changing, making it difficult for companies to respond to consumers' needs. Mass customization is the most notable paradigm reflecting this trend, and mass customization aims to produce a variety of products tailored to the needs of customers at a low cost. In this study, the theory and concept of a product architecture system were used to specify a method of realizing mass-customized services, and a case study was conducted focusing on the internal furniture model of a camping car. In particular, unlike previously when companies developed product platforms and modules focusing on productivity, a method of developing and configuring product platforms and modules was suggested by reflecting consumer requirements first, and its effectiveness was considered. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that it was effective in replacement, recyclability, line-up, and chargeability by designing through internal factors of the product architecture system and verifying the effectiveness of the results with external factors. It is expected that further empirical research will be led through a design process using a product architecture system in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.169-176
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• 1996

In order to suppress the structural vibration more effectively, Multiple Tuned Mass Damper(MTMD) which is composed of a number of Tuned Mass Damper(TMD) can be used. Especially, the passive MTMD has several advantages over active TMD like easy installment and maintenance, cost and performance for power failure situation(severe damage of power lines from earthquake), etc.. For this purpose the mass and damping ratio of MTMD and the distributed frequency range which shows the range of MTMD's distribution are used as main design parameters. When the passive MTMD is constituted with multiple cantilevers, the facility in its real production and its need for only a smaller space can be named as its several advantages. In this study, the satisfactory results were obtained from the composition of MTMD utilizing dynamic characters of cantilevers, and the verification was done by the comparison of the analysis from MTMD with the computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.638-641
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• 1995

The model-technology has been conduced to a large quantity of automobile and electric products. However, many problems in mold-technology have been solved through trial and error of experts. So it has given rise to overdesign of mold and generated other problems in production line. In this paper we choosed the lower-mold of a cool chamber in refrigerator as the model of the study and mass reduced overdesigned mold. In mass reduction process, several cases in plane processing error were selected for the sample case through FEM analysis & simplicated theory analysis and each case was evaluated for mass reduction.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

Quickness and precision are the two most important requirements for an industrial scale used in production lines. In this paper, a new approach, "Mass-estimation algorithm by vibration-response measurement of dynamic balance", is presented to improve some of drawbacks in conventional scales. The system, consisted of velocity and displacement sensors, spring scale, analog-digital converter and microcomputer, is based on full utilization of dynamic mass measurement of velocity and displacement via microcomputer-assisted real time monitoring. The resulting system, when combined with appropriate mass estimation algorithm software, has shown its effectiveness in terms of two desirable characteristics required.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.466-469
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• 1999

Cladocera are important food organism for seed production of finfishes. freshwater cladocera such as Daphnia and Moina are well known food organisms for the larval rearing of freshwater fishes and are easy for mass culture. However, mass culture technique for marine cladocera are not yet developed, The only mass produced food organisms available these days for the larval production of marine finfishes are rotifer and Artemia. An estuarine cladoceran, Diaphanosoma celebensis, has a high possibility of being used as a food organism for the larval rearing of marine finfishes because this species is much easier to mass culture than marine ones. Therefore many studies are needed for this species. In this study, the effects of the volumes of culture container, 40, 1,500 and 15,000 ml, on the stable production of this species were tested and results are as follow: The maximum densities of this species in each of the culture volumes were reached after 14 days in 40 ml, 12 days in 1,500 ml, and 21 days in 15,000 ml with values of 3.4 $\pm$ 0.4, 14.2 $\pm$ 2.1 and 2.5 $\pm$ 1.6 per ml, respectively. The relative population growth index (RPGI) was stable in the culture volume of 1,500 ml. Moreover, possible harvesting number(individual/ml/day) was much higher in the 1,500 ml container than the other culture volumes. Therefore, optimum culture volume among the tested volumes for mass production of this species was 1,500 ml.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2024

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of waste glass that cannot be recycled and is landfilled among construction and household waste. To address this issue, research has been conducted to recycle waste glass as sand, but conflicting results have emerged depending on the type of waste glass and the manufacturing method of recycled glass sand(RGS). To promote the use of RGS, it is necessary to review its performance under field conditions, such as mass production processes and real scale concrete applications. This study introduces examples of mass production system process for RGS and evaluates the effects of the usage conditions(color, content, particle size) of mass-produced RGS on the mechanical properties and alkali-silica reaction(ASR) of mortar. As a result, the mass production system process of RGS causes microcracks inside the particles, which are the cause of mortar strength reduction and ASR expansion. The number of microcracks is highest in clear RGS. Based on these results, it is proposed that RGS can be used as a replacement for natural sand with a content of less than 25 % or a particle size of less than 0.5 mm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2020

Various elements of Fabrication (FAB), mass production of existing products, new product development and process improvement evaluation might increase the complexity of production process when products are produced at the same time. As a result, complex production operation makes it difficult to predict production capacity of facilities. In this environment, production forecasting is the basic information used for production plan, preventive maintenance, yield management, and new product development. In this paper, we tried to develop a multiple linear regression analysis model in order to improve the existing production capacity forecasting method, which is to estimate production capacity by using a simple trend analysis during short time periods. Specifically, we defined overall equipment effectiveness of facility as a performance measure to represent production capacity. Then, we considered the production capacities of interrelated facilities in the FAB production process during past several weeks as independent regression variables in order to reflect the impact of facility maintenance cycles and production sequences. By applying variable selection methods and selecting only some significant variables, we developed a multiple linear regression forecasting model. Through a numerical experiment, we showed the superiority of the proposed method by obtaining the mean residual error of 3.98%, and improving the previous one by 7.9%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.944-951
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• 2004

The influences of inoculum size, pH, and medium composition on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production were investigated in shake flasks and in a bioreactor. The optimum inoculum size for both mycelial growth and EPS production was identified to be 10% (v/v) in shake flask cultures. The optimal initial pH for mycelial growth and EPS production in shake flask cultures were found to be 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. However, the optimal pH was 5.0 for both mycelial growth and EPS production in bioreactor cultures where the pH was regulated. The optimal mass ratio of the two major carbon sources, glucose to dextrin, was 1:4. The optimal mass ratio of the two major nitrogen sources, yeast extract to soy tone peptone, was 2:1. When 500 mg $1^{-1}$ of $MnSO_4-5H_2O$ was added to the bioreactor culture, both mycelial growth and EPS production were enhanced by approximately 10%. Under the optimized conditions, a mycelial biomass of 9.85 g $1^{-1}$ and an EPS concentration of 4.92 g $1^{-1}$ were obtained in 4 days.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The effects of DO and pH on the mass production of pullulan with high molecular weight and the morphology of A. pullulans ATCC 42023 were evaluated. A. pullulans showed a maximum production of pullulan (11.98 g/l) when the initial pH of the culture broth was 6.5 in a shake-flask culture. In a batch culture, the mixture of a yeast-like and mycelial cell forms was found at a pH of 4.5, and the maximum production of pullulan (13.31 g/l) was obtained. However, a high proportion of high molecular weight pullulan (M.W.>2,000,000) was produced at a pH of 6.5, with a yeast-like morphology. The maximum pullulan production yield ($51\%$) was obtained at a pH noncontrol (initial pH 6.5) and DO control (above $50\%$) condition. Pullulan degrading enzyme was activated when the pH of the broth was lower than 5.0 and the portion of low molecular weight pullulan was increased. The formation of a black pigment was observed at an initial stationary phase, at 40 h of fermentation. Therefore, the fermentation should be carried out in a pH noncontrol (initial pH of 6.5) and DO control (above $50\%$) condition, and should be harvested before reaching the stationary phase (around 40 h) for the production of high molecular weight pullulan.