• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of hot spring therapy on children weight, body composition and heart rate variability. Methods: The study was carried out from 30 children who visited the spa from August 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011. We measured the change of weight, body composition, and heart rate variability after hot spring therapy for an hour per day. Results: The subject was consisted of 13 boys and 17 girls. This study revealed that their weight got lost from a hot spring therapy, which was statistically significant. Their body mass index(BMI) was decreased in from a hot spring therapy, which was not statistically significant. Total body water, muscle, protein, and mineral were decreased from a hot spring therapy, which was statistically significant. We measured HRV(heart rate variability) before and after the hot spring therapy. The mean HRT was increased, which was statistically insignificant. SDNN(standard deviation of the NN interval) and RMSSD(square root of the mean of the sum of the square of differences) were not different before and after the hot spring therapy. ln TP was decreased insignificantly. ln VLF was not affected before and after hot spring therapy. ln LF and ln HF was decreased, LF norm was increased, and HF norm was decreased, which were not statistically significant. Also, LF/HF ratio was increased insignificantly. Conclusions: From these results, we concluded that the weight, total body water, muscle, protein, and mineral got lost from the hot spring therapy. However, the HRV was not affected from the hot spring therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.83-83
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 Auger Elecrtron Spectroscopy (AES) 장비를 이용하여 Silicone Wafer 표면에 BF 이온을 주입시킨 후 Dopping 농도 및 Implantation 에너지에 따른 Si KLL Peak의 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 PVD Ti 계열 화학물의 시료에 대하여 Peak의 Shape 변화를 관찰하였다. 1)Dopping 농도 및 Implantation 에너지에 따른 Si KLL Peak의 변화 관찰 일반적으로 Silicone 기판에 Arsenic(3가)을 Dopping 하였을 경우, Si KLL Peak의 Kinetic Energy 값은 순수 Si Peak보다 더 작은 값으로 Shift 하며, Boron (5가)을 Dopping하였을 경우에는 더 큰 값으로 Shift 한다. 이론적으로 N-type Si의 에너지 차이는 약 1.0eV로 보고되어 있으며, AES를 이용하여 실험적으로 측정된 값은 약 0.6eV정도로 알려져 있다. 이러한 차이는 Dopping 농도에 따라 Valance Band의 에너지 값이 변화하기 때문이라고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 BF2를 Si에 이온 주입하여 입사 에너지 및 dose 량에 따른 Si KLL Peak의 변화를 관찰하였다. 그림1과 같이 Si KLL Peak는 Implantation Energy가 작을수록 Kinetic Energy가 높은 곳으로 Shift 한다. 이는 LOw Energy로 이온 주입하면, Projected Range (Rp)가 High Energy로 이온 주입할 때보다 작기 때문이며, 이 결과를 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) 및 TRIM simulation을 이용하여 확인하였다. 또한 표면에서의 전자 Density의 변화와 Implantation energy와의 관계를 시료의 표면에서 반사되어 나오는 전자의 에너지 손실(Reflected Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy:REELS)을 통하여 고찰하였다. 2) PVD Ti 계열화합물의 시료에 대한 peak의 shape 가 변화하며, TiL3M23V (Ti2) 및 TiL3M23M23 (Til) Peak의 Intensity Ratio가 변화한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 그림 2와 같이 Ti 결합 화합물에서의 Ti Auger Peak의 특성 에너지 값과 Peak Shape를 관찰하여, AES를 이용하여 Ti 계열의 화합물에 대한 Chemical state 분석의 가능성을 평가하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1383-1389
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• 2011

The current study focuses on the consistent analysis of heat transfer in multichannel volumetric solar receivers used for concentrating solar power. Changes in the properties of the absorbing material and channel dimensions are considered in an optical model based on the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method and in a one-dimensional heat transfer model that includes conduction, convection, and radiation. The optical model results show that most of the solar radiation energy is absorbed within a very small channel length of around 15 mm because of the large length-to-radius ratio. Classification of radiation losses reveals that at low absorptivity, increased reflection losses cause reduction of the receiver efficiency, notwithstanding the decrease in the emission loss. As the average temperature increases because of the large channel radius or small mass flow rate, both emission and reflection losses increase but the effect of emission losses prevails.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.438-441
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• 2001

Two female Yorkshire terrier was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. In case 1, clinical signs were vomiting, anorexia and weight loss. Cystic intraabdominal mass was identified in radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. In case 2, clinical sign was abdominal distension. In radiographic and ultrasonographic examination, cellular ascites and bilateral intraabdominal masses next to kidneys were observed. Many clusters of glandular epithelial cells with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, high N:C ratio coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were shown in cytologic examination of sanguineous ascites. In all two cases exploratory laparotomy was performed and enlarged ovaries were observed (Rt: 6$\times$5$\times$5 cm and Lt: 3$\times$2$\times$1 cm in case 1 and 3$\times$2$\times$1 cm bilaterally in case 2). After ovariohysterectomy histopathologic examinations were performed. Histopathologically the masses were diagnosed as ovarian adenocarcinoma and ovarian cystadenocarcinoma in case 1 and case 2, respectively. In both dogs no further chemotherapy was carried out. These two dogs had no gross evidence of tumor recurrence at the time of 3 months after tumor resection, but long-term follow-up might be needed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.152.1-152.1
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• 2011

We report preliminary results of long-slit near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) with moderate resolution of R ~ 2400. We obtained Jshort (1.04-1.26 micron) and Ks (2.02-2.31 micron) band spectra of 4 LBVs and 3 LBV candidates in Southern hemisphere using IRIS2, infrared imager and spectrograph, mounted on the 4-m Anglo-Australian Telescope. All targets are fairly bright in NIR so that we can obtain high signal-to-noise ratio for clear line detection and modeling. They are also widely distributed in the HR diagram so that we can compare the spectral properties of LBVs in different temperature and luminosity ranges. Among them, we present the results of two well-known LBVs AG Car and HR Car. Their spectra show similar properties with hydrogen, He I, and metallic lines such as Fe II and Mg II, most of them in emission. We discuss, in particular, the He I 1.083 micron lines formed in stellar wind because these two LBVs show large variation in their He I line intensities, compared to previous studies. Since the He I 1.083 line is known to be anticorrelated with the photometric variation of LBVs, strong line intensities with P-Cygni profiles in both stars indicate that they are now near the visual minimum phase. We model the obtained spectra using non-LTE atmosphere code CMFGEN of Hillier (1998) to derive stellar parameters such as wind velocity and mass loss rate, and discuss the long-term variability of stellar parameters of these LBVs. deduced from our otometric solution.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2007

Liver tumors in children are rare, relatively complex, and encompass a broad spectrum of disease processes. This study reviews our experience of liver tumors during the last 10 years. Medical records of 36 cases of liver tumors in children, treated at Samsung Medical Centers, from October 1994 to December 2005, were reviewed in this study. We analyzed disease characters and survival rates as a whole and by specific disease. The median age was 3.6 years. Male and female ratio was 1:1. The most common symptom was the palpable mass in 15 cases. Others were abdominal distension in 9 cases, jaundice in 2, vomiting in 2, weight loss in 2, and pubic hair growth in 1. CT or US and liver biopsy were performed for diagnosis. There were 28 malignant tumors: malignant rhabdoid tumor (1 case), hepatocellular carcinoma (3 cases), hemangioendothelioma type II (3 cases), angiosarcoma (1 case), and hepatoblastoma (20 cases). Eight tumors were benign; hepatic adenoma (1 case), focal nodular hyperplasia (2 cases), hemangioendothelioma type I (2 cases), mesenchymal hamartoma (3 cases). In this study the clinical characteristics were not different from the other reports. Liver transplantation was performed in 3 cases-1 with hepatoblastoma and 2 with hepatocelleular carcinoma. Accurate and early diagnosis, and individualized multimodality therapeutic approaches might be important for better outcome.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Mercury intrusion and nitrogen sorption porosimetry were employed to investigate the pore structure of calcium sulfoaluminate ($C{\bar{S}}A$) and portland cement pastes with cement-to-water ratio (w/c) of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60. A unimodal distribution of pore size was drawn for $C{\bar{S}}A$ cement pastes, whereas a bimodal distribution was established for the portland cement pastes through analysis of mercury intrusion porosimetry. For the experimental results generated by nitrogen sorption porosimetry, the $C{\bar{S}}A$ cement pastes have a smaller and coarser pore volume than cement paste samples under the same w/c condition. The relative dynamic modulus and percentage weight loss were used for investigation of the concrete durability in freeze-thaw condition. When coarse aggregate with good freeze-thaw durability was mixed, air entrained portland cement concrete has the same durability in terms of relative dynamic modulus as $C{\bar{S}}A$ cement concrete in a freeze-thaw environment. The $C{\bar{S}}A$ cement concrete with poor performance of durability in a freeze-thaw environment demonstrates the improved durability by 300 % over portland cement concrete. The $C{\bar{S}}A$ concrete with good performance aggregate also exhibits less surface scaling in a freeze-thaw environment, losing 11 % less mass after 297 cycles.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2006

To examine sediment characteristics and find anthropogenic effects on riverine wetland ecosystems, paleoecological study was carried out at Bam islands in Seoul. Three hundred cm deep sediment cores were retrieved and dated with the lamination analysis method until 36 cm depth (1986). Sediments were divided into three zones based on the depth profiles of physico-chemical variables: below 160 cm depth (before 1968), between 160 and 40cm depths and above 40cm depth (after 1986). Physico-chemical characteristics were very variable between 160 and 40cm depths and this indicates unstable sedimentation environment. Even though heavy metal concentrations were relatively low, Cd and As contents have increased continuously. Dry mass accumulation rates during $1968{\sim}1986\;and\;1987{\sim}2003$ were 140 and $21\;kg\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. This was related to flooding intensity and duration. Bulk density, water content, loss on ignition, N, C, C/N ratio were very similar to other river delta but Ca, Na and K contents were 2 to 4 times higher than others. Heavy metal contents except Pb were lower or similar to those in other studied marshes in Korea. Heavy metal and Mg contents were correlated with each other and this suggests that the source of heavy metals be parent rock. From $^{13}C$ dating dates of organic materials in sediment, it is suggested that organic matter originated from the watershed and flooding intensity in the watershed might be responsible for the source of sediments. This study provides reference data for the comparison of sediment characteristics at islands in river and for the management of Bam islands.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2010

This paper presents the experimental results of frost durability characteristics including freezing-thawing and de-icing salt scaling of the concrete for gutter of the road and marine structure. Mixtures were proportioned with the three level of water-binder ratio(W/B) and three binder compositions corresponding to Type I cement with 0%, 30% and 50% GGBS(Ground granulated blast furnace slag) replacement. Also, two different solutions of calcium chloride were used to evaluate their effect on the frost durability resistance. Specially, in case of complex of freezing and thawing with salt and carbonation, the deterioration of concrete surface is evaluated. Test results showed that the BFS30 and BFS50 mixture exhibited higher durability and lower mass loss values than those made with OPC mix and the use of GGBS can be used effectively in terms of economy and frost durability of the concrete to be in complex deterioration. Therefore, the resistance to complex deterioration with freezing-thawing was strongly influenced by the strength and the type of cement.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.670-679
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• 2002

1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine) is one of the effective chemotherapeutic agents which has been used clinically for treating malignant glioma. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, molecular weight: 20000 g/mole. mole ratio of lactide to glycolide 75 : 15) is a well known biodegradable polymer used as a drug carrier for drug delivery system. In this study, we investigated the BCNU release behaviour of BCNU-loaded PLGA wafers containing poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or polyethyleneoxide (PEO) and the effect of hydrophilic polymers incoporated in the wafers. BCNU-loaded PLGA microparticles with or without hydrophilic polymers were prepared by a spray drying method and fabricated into wafers by direct compression. Encapsulation efficiency of BCNU-loaded PLGA microparticles containing PVP and PEO was 85 ∼ 97% and crystallinity of BCNU encapsulated in PLGA decreased significantly initial release amount and release rate of BCNU increased with the increasing PVP or PEO amount. Morphological change and mass loss of wafers during the release test were confirmed that hydration and degradation of PLGA would be facilitated with an increase of hydrophilic polymers.