• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2017

Faint quasars are important to test the possibility that quasars are the main contributor to the cosmic reionization. However, it has been difficult to find faint quasars due to the lack of deep, wide-field imaging data. In this poster, we present our efforts to find faint quasars in the ELAIS-N1 field through the deep data (iAB ~ 25) obtained by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Program survey. To select reliable quasar candidate, we also use the near-infrared (NIR) data of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS) and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) - Deep Extragalactic Survey (DXS). Using multiple-band color cuts, we select high redshift quasar candidates. To confirm them as high redshift quasars, candidates are observed by the SED camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (SQUEAN) instrument in several medium band filters that can sample the redshifted Lyman break efficiency. The quasar sample will be used to study the growth of BH and stellar mass, the relation between the quasar activity and the host galaxy, and their contribution to the cosmic re-ionization.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2012

본 연구는 정부의 창업지원제도가 창업과정특성과 사업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 소호(소상공인)창업은 1980년대 중반 미국에서부터 시작되었지만 국내에서는 1990년대 후반 닥친 외환위기로 경기침체가 계속되고 기업의 구조조정 등으로 대량의 실업자가 발생하자 소규모, 소자본으로 시작하는 소호창업이 붐을 일었다. 이에 소상공인들의 경제적 비중과 기여를 고려하여 경제의 한 축으로 지원, 성장해야한다는 이론적 토대 위에 보다 많은 소상공인지원센터를 설치하여 사회적 분위기를 변화시키고 실천적으로는 소상공인의 창업 촉진과 성장을 통하여 고용 기회를 창출하여 지역간, 사업간 균형 발전을 도모하고 있다. 아울러 국내에서는 소호, 벤처, 인터넷 기업은 물론 도매업 소매업, 유통업, 서비스업 및 제조업, 건설업, 광업 등을 경영하는 자영업자와 창업 희망자를 대상으로 경영 기술지도, 정보 제공, 교육 등을 지속적으로 실시하고 있으며 이에 대한 정부의 지원제도에 대한 주요사업 및 지원형태를 고찰하고, 이러한 정부 지원제도가 창업과정 특성을 사업계획서완성도, 자금조달능력, 전문가활용정도, 입지우월성, 업종차별화정도로 구분하여 사업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 연구의 초점을 두고 있다. 본 논문은 기존의 창업과정 특성에 새로운 요소인 창업가정신을 추가하여 그 특성의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 기존의 소상공인의 성공적인 창업과 사업성과 향상을 위한 창업과정특성에서 창업가 정신이 미치는 영향에 대하여 중요성을 나타냄과 동시에 예비 소상공인들의 전략적인 창업계획수립과 전개에 실무적으로 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제54권
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• pp.58-75
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• 2011

이 연구는 케이블TV SO의 지역채널 운영 현황과 이와 관련된 재허가 심사제도를 분석하는 데 연구목적이 있다. 다른 유료방송 플랫폼과 달리 SO에게만 부여하고 있는 지역채널 편성 의무는 케이블TV로 하여금 상당한 공익성을 담보하도록 요구하고 있지만, 방송시장의 경쟁이 가속화되는 환경 속에서는 이를 지속적으로 유지 발전시키기가 쉽지 않은 구조이다. 방송평가나 재허가제도가 지역채널의 존치를 담보하는 기제로 작용하고 있긴 하지만 실질적인 역할을 하는 데는 한계가 없지 않다. 이러한 문제의식 하에 세 가지의 연구문제를 설정하였으며, 문헌분석, 2차 자료 분석, 전문가 심층인터뷰 등의 방법론을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 지역채널은 SO마다 거의 종일편성이 이루어지고 있지만 순환편성의 비율이 점차 증가하고 있고, 제작비용은 감소하는 추세여서 질적인 측면에서는 퇴행적 조짐을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재허가 심사의 방송평가 점수에서 지역채널 운영실적은 그다지 긍정적이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 지금까지의 지역채널에 대한 정책기조에 변화를 가져올 필요가 있음을 의미한다고 할 수 있으며, 그에 따른 몇가지 정책대안을 제시하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.487-498
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• 2006

Total 438 precipitation samples were collected in Jeju City between 1997 and 2005, and their major ionic components were analyzed. The comparison tests using ion balance, electric conductivity and acid fraction were performed. It was found their correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.977$\sim$0.994, indicating the good quality of collected dam. The volume-weighted mean pH and electric conductivity were 4.8 and 23.0 $\mu$S/cm, respectively. with the ionic strength of 0.23$\pm$0.20 mM. The marine ($Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $CI^-$), anthropogenic (nss$SO_4{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, and $NH_4^+$) and soil (nss-$Ca^{2+}$) species have contributed to the ionic components of precipitation samples with 43$\sim$74%, 16$\sim$37% and $\sim$5%, respectively. The seasonal variations of $NO_3^-$ and nss-$SO_4^{2-}$ showed a distinct seasonality with higher concentrations in winter than summer, indicating an increase of fossil fuel consumption and a possibility of long-range transport of those pollutants from continental area along the dominant winter westerly. The levels of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ also were appeared the highest in winter and increased comparatively in spring season. possibly due to the soil influences including the Asian Dust. The acidification contribution of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ showed 88$\sim$96%, and the free acidity was in the range of 6.0$\sim$40.1%. Interestingly, the backward trajectories for the case of upper 10% nss-$SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ levels have passed through the China continent before their arrival to Jeju. The precipitation of pH below 4.5 has been occurred frequently when the trajectory's path lied over the China continents. On the other hand, the air masses from the North Pacific area were characterized by lower 10% of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$- and $NO_3^-$ concentration, which demonstrated that air mass from the North Pacific was the cleanest among air masses moved to Jeju.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1379-1387
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• 2013

In a majority of mammals, male infants have heavier body mass and grow faster than female infants. Accordingly, male offspring nursing requires a much greater maternal energy contribution to lactation. It is possible that the maternal-fetal immunoendocrine dialog plays an important role in female preparation for lactation during pregnancy. Immune system genes are an integral part of gene regulatory networks in lactation and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$) is a proinflammatory cytokine that also plays an important role in normal mammary gland development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sex of calf and/or the -824A/G polymorphism in the promoter region of $TNF{\alpha}$ gene on milk performance traits in Black Pied cattle over the course of lactation. We also studied the allele frequency differences of -824A/G variants across several cattle breeds, which were bred in different climatic conditions. The G allele frequency decreased gradually over the course of lactation events in the Black Pied dairy cattle because of a higher culling rate of cows with the G/G genotype (p<0.001). In contrast to the genotypes A/A and A/G, cows with G/G genotype showed significant variability of milk and milk fat yield subject to sex of delivered calf. Milk yield and milk fat yield were significantly higher in the case of birth of a bull calf than with a heifer calf (p<0.03). The G allele frequency varies from 48% to 58% in Grey Ukrainian and Black Pied cattle to 77% in aboriginal Yakut cattle. Our results suggest that the $TNF{\alpha}$-824A/G gene polymorphism may have an influence on the reproductive efforts of cows over the course of lactation events depending on the sex of progeny. Allocation of resources according to sex of the calf allows optimizing the energy cost of lactation. This may be a probable reason for high G allele frequency in Yakut cattle breeding in extreme environmental conditions. Similarly, the dramatic fall in milk production after birth of a heifer calf increases the probability of culling for the cows with the G/G genotype in animal husbandry.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

This study aims to find basic data for using the quantitative assessment of the sustainability and establishing the systematic index of the planning for local cities to consider the environmentally sound and sustainable development. The research designs to review professional responding to surveys preceded by separate questionnaires and interviews from book reviews, and suggests to make an assessment model of the sustainability for local cities. The research found consequently as follows. Firstly, the research survey items were decides totally 52, grouped 9 assessmental issues and distributed under 4 assessmental domains for the sustainability from the references of book reviews. Secondly, the research result concentrated on the followings from the professional responding to surveys. 1. A most influent factor is the distribution of animals and plants in a nature domain. The next influent factors are the ratio of mass-transportation systems, the numbers of the species of animals and plants, the acreage of conservative forestry, the numbers of reused water resources, and the usage number of water supply, orderly in the nature domain. 2. A most influent factor is the usage number of synthetic detergents in a pollution domain. The next influent factors are the volume of waste water, the number of registered vehicles, the degree of soil pollution, and the charge of development imposition, orderly in the pollution domain. 3. A most influent factor is the acreage of athletic facilities, in an urban domain. the next influent factors are the acreage of recreational facilities, the number and acreage of cultural assets, the number of cultural facilities, the acreage of landscape conservation area, the charge of cultural asset management, orderly in the urban domain. 4. A most influent factor is the number of waste disposal facilities in a participation domain. The next influent factors are the capacity of reused waste, the usage of synthetic detergents, the ratio of waste water disposal, orderly in the participation domain. 5. A most contributed influent domain to the assessment of the sustainability for local cities is the urban domain. The next influent domains are nature domain, participation domain, and pollution domain, orderly in the contribution of the assessment of the sustainability. But, the pollution domain is little relationship with the sustainability. Therefore, it is clear that the abundant greens and the improved level of culture are dominant influences on the sustainabiligy, as like improving the ratio of roadside trees, the acreage of parks, and enlarging the number of cultural facilities.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009년도 학술논문요약집
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• pp.187-187
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• 2009

Opening of fractures induced by shear dilation or normal deformation can be a significant source of fracture permeability change in fractured rock, which is important for the performance assessment of geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel. As the repository generates heat and later cools the fluid-carrying ability of the rocks becomes a dynamic variable during the lifespan of the repository. Heating causes expansion of the rock close to the repository and, at the same time, contraction close to the surface. During the cooling phase of the repository, the opposite takes place. Heating and cooling together with the, virgin stress can induce shear dilation of fractures and deformation zones and change the flow field around the repository. The objectives of this work are to examine the contribution of thermal stress to the shear slip of fracture in mid- and far-field around a KBS-3 type of repository and to investigate the effect of evolution of stress on the rock mass permeability. In the first part of this study, zones of fracture shear slip were examined by conducting a three-dimensional, thermo-mechanical analysis of a spent fuel repository model in the size of 2 km $\times$ 2 km $\times$ 800 m. Stress evolutions of importance for fracture shear slip are: (1) comparatively high horizontal compressive thermal stress at the repository level, (2) generation of vertical tensile thermal stress right above the repository, (3) horizontal tensile stress near the surface, which can induce tensile failure, and generation of shear stresses at the comers of the repository. In the second part of the study, fracture data from Forsmark, Sweden is used to establish fracture network models (DFN). Stress paths obtained from the thermo-mechanical analysis were used as boundary conditions in DFN-DEM (Discrete Element Method) analysis of six DFN models at the repository level. Increases of permeability up to a factor of four were observed during thermal loading history and shear dilation of fractures was not recovered after cooling of the repository. An understanding of the stress path and potential areas of slip induced shear dilation and related permeability changes during the lifetime of a repository for spent nuclear fuel is of utmost importance for analysing long-term safety. The result of this study will assist in identifying critical areas around a repository where fracture shear slip is likely to develop. The presentation also includes a brief introduction to the ongoing site investigation on two candidate sites for geological repository in Sweden.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare intake of energy nutrients, physical characteristics, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to protein intake group. Methods: Subjects were 827 men aged 40-65 years. The results presented were based on data from the 2012-2013 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed using SPSS. The odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the protein intake group and intake pattern of protein-rich foods. Results: The mean of protein intake was $73.96{\pm}0.71g$. According to level of protein intake, four groups (deficient, normal, excess 1, excess 2) were created and their percentages were 8.3%, 39.6%, 37.1%, and 15.0% respectively. The mean of daily energy intake was $2,312.33{\pm}24.08kcal$. It was higher in excess group 2 than in the deficiency group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the intake of all energy nutrients increased significantly with protein intake group (p < 0.001). The main contribution to daily protein included mixed grains ($10.96{\pm}0.32g$), milled rice ($7.14{\pm}0.30g$), chicken ($3.50{\pm}0.21g$), and grilled pork belly ($3.04{\pm}0.16g$). With regard to physical characteristics, and blood pressure and blood test results, only body mass index increased significantly according to protein intake groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects was 38.5%, and there was no significant correlation with protein intake group. The OR of metabolic syndrome increased with protein intake, and was higher 4.452 times in excess group 2 than in the normal group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the OR of metabolic syndrome according to the frequency of protein-rich food intake did not show a significant correlation. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used as significant supporting data to establish guidelines for protein intake in middle-aged men.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2013

The possibility of acute hepatotoxicity caused by dimethylformamide (DMF) requires regular monitoring of the workers who are using DMF to prevent the occupational disease. The authors performed ambient and biological monitoring of workers involved in synthetic leather manufacturing processes using DMF to assess the correlation between the markers of ambient and biological monitoring of DMF. The authors monitored 142 workers occupationally exposed to DMF from 19 workshops in the synthetic leather and ink manufacturing industries located in northern region of Gyeonggi-do. The subjects answered questionnaire on work procedure and use of personal protective equipment to be classified by exposure type. DMF in air samples collected using personal air samplers, diffusive and active sampler, was analysed using gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with DB-FFAP column (length 30 m, i.d. 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 ${\mu}m$). Urinary N-methylformamide (NMF) was analysed using gas chromatograph-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) at selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with DB-624 column (length 60 m, i.d. 0.25 mm, film thickness 1.40 ${\mu}m$). Geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the ambient DMF was $6.85{\pm}3.43$ ppm, and GM and GSD of urinary NMF was $42.3{\pm}2.7$ mg/L. The ratio of subjects with DMF level over 10 ppm was 44%, and those with urinary NMF over 15 mg/L was 87%. NMF in urine adjusted by DMF in air was $4.61{\pm}2.57$ mg/L/ppm and $9.50{\pm}2.41$ mg/L/ppm, respectively, with or without respirator. There was seasonal differences of NMF in urine adjusted by DMF in air, $7.63{\pm}2.74$ mg/L/ppm in summer and $4.53{\pm}2.29$ mg/L/ppm in winter. The urinary NMF concentration which corresponds to 10 ppm of ambient DMF was 52.7 mg/L (r=0.650, n=128). Considering the difference of the route of exposure which resulted from the compliance of wearing personal protective equipment, the estimated contribution of respiratory and dermal exposure route for DMF was 48.5% vs. 51.5%.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

두피의 이상은 탈모, 비듬, 가려움증 등의 두피 질환으로 이어지며, 아직까지 정확한 원인이 규명되지 않은 상태여서 발병하면 치료가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 두피의 생리적인 항상성을 유지해서 두피를 건강한 상태로 유지하는 것이 두피 질환 예방 및 치료에 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 최근 두피 및 모발용 화장품 분야에서는 한의학적으로 효능이 있다고 알려진 약재들을 원료로 사용하려는 시도가 크게 증가하고 있다. 현재까지 화장품 원료로 사용되는 한약재는 대량생산과 규격화 등의 문제로 뜨거운 물에 우려낸 열수추출물을 제형에 혼합하는 형태로 사용하고 있는데, 이 과정에서 고온에 의한 영양소와 효능성분의 파괴는 불가피하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한의학적으로 두피 개선 효과가 있다고 알려져 있는 검은콩, 작약, 녹차 잎을 대상으로 성분파괴를 최소화할 수 있는 저온용출법으로 효능 성분을 추출하고, 이 추출물들의 두피 개선 효능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 저온용출물들은 열수 추출물보다 평균 2배 이상 높은 항산화력을 보유하였으며, 모낭 및 모발 강화, 두피 보습, 가려움 방지에 효과적임을 확인하였다. 따라서 검은콩, 작약, 녹차잎의 저온용출물은 두피 트러블을 해결하는 효과적인 두피 개선 원료로 활용될 수 있다.