• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.753-759
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• 2023

The genus Paenibacillus contains a variety of biologically active compounds that have potential applications in a range of fields, including medicine, agriculture, and livestock, playing an important role in the health and economy of society. Our study focused on the bacterium SS4^T (KCTC 43402^T = GDMCC 1.3498^T), which was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This strain was analyzed using antiSMASH, BAGEL4, and PRISM to predict the secondary metabolites. Lassopeptide clusters were found using all three analysis methods, with the possibility of secretion. Additionally, PRISM found three biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) and predicted the structure of the product. Genome analysis indicated that glucoamylase is present in SS4^T. 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that strain SS4^T most closely resembled Paenibacillus marchantiophytorum DSM 29850^T (98.22%), Paenibacillus nebraskensis JJ-59^T (98.19%), and Paenibacillus aceris KCTC 13870^T (98.08%). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and Type Strain Genome Server (TYGS) analysis revealed that SS4^T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. As a result of the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) results, SS4^T was determined to belong to the genus Paenibacillus. Comparing P. marchantiophytorum DSM 29850^T with average nucleotide identity (ANI 78.97%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH 23%) revealed values that were all less than the threshold for bacterial species differentiation. The results of this study suggest that strain SS4^T can be classified as a Paenibacillus andongensis species and is a novel member of the genus Paenibacillus.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2023

In the past, display devices have undergone many changes, such as plasma TVs and LCDs, and have continued to develop. Recently, new display technologies, such as Organic Light Emitting Diode displays and Inorganic Light Emitting Diode displays, have been developed. Among them, Micro LED displays have the potential to improve performance more than LCDs and OLEDs, but a lot of effort and time are needed until the mass production technology (transfer and bonding) of Micro LED displays is developed. We have developed a new Micro LED display light source that can be produced using existing transfer and bonding process technologies to enable faster commercialization of Micro LED in the industry. This light source is TFT deposition on LED. TFT deposition on LED has the advantage of being able to produce displays using existing process technology, making early commercialization of display application products possible. In this study, we applied the Active Driving method to verify the performance of TFT deposition on LED as a display to determine its commercialization potential. Additionally, to facilitate faster application of Micro LED in the industry, we applied TFT deposition on LED to Optical Wireless Communication systems, which are widely used in application service areas such as safety/security and sensors, to verify its communication performance. The experimental results confirmed that TFT deposition on LED is not only capable of AM driving but can also be applied to OWC systems.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2613-2620
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• 2023

Excellent thermal neutron absorption performance of boron expands the potential use of boron rich slag to prepare epoxy resin matrix nuclear shielding composites. However, shielding attenuation behaviors and mechanism of the composites against gamma rays are unclear. Based on the radiation protection theory, Phy-X/PSD, XCOM, and ⁶⁰Co gamma ray source were integrated to obtain the shielding parameters of boron rich slag/epoxy resin composites at 0.015-15 MeV, which include mass attenuation coefficient (µ_t), linear attenuation coefficient (µ), half value thickness layer (HVL), electron density (N_eff), effective atomic number (Z_eff), exposure buildup factor (EBF) and exposure absorption buildup factor (EABF).µ_t, µ, HVL, N_eff, Z_eff, EBF and EABF are 0.02-7 cm²/g, 0.04-17 cm^-1, 0.045-20 cm, 5-14, 3 × 10²³-8 × 10²³ electron/g, 0-2000, and 0-3500. Shielding performance is BS4, BS3, BS3, BS1 in descending order, but worse than ordinary concrete. µ and HVL of BS1-BS4 for ⁶⁰Co gamma ray is 0.095-0.110 cm^-1 and 6.3-7.2 cm. Shielding mechanism is main interactions for attenuation gamma ray by BS1-BS4 are elements with higher content or higher atomic number via Photoelectric Absorption at low energy range, and elements with higher content via Compton Scattering and Pair Production in Nuclear Field at middle and higher energy range.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.393-411
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• 2022

A high-performance reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been readied alongside river sand, with 1.25 mm particle size when under the condition of 80C steam curing. As a heat and sound insulation, expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) provides economic advantages in building. Concrete containing EPA is examined in terms of cement types (CEM II 32.5R and CEM I 42.5R), doses (0, 2%, 4% and 6%) as well as replacement rates in this research study. The compressive and density of concrete were used in the testing. At the end of the 28-day period, destructive and nondestructive tests were performed on cube specimens of 150 mm150 mm150 mm. The concrete density is not decreased with the addition of more perlite (from 45 to 60 percent), since the enlarged perlite has a very low barrier to crushing. To get a homogenous and fluid concrete mix, longer mixing times for all the mix components are necessary due to the higher amount of perlite. As a result, it is not suggested to use greater volumes of this aggregate in RPC. In the presence of de-icing salt, the lightweight RPC exhibits excellent freeze-thaw resistance (mass is less than 0.2 kg/m²). The addition of perlite strengthens the aggregate-matrix contact, but there is no apparent ITZ. An increased compressive strength was seen in concretes containing expanded perlite powder and steel fibers with good performance.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2023

Purpose: The delay in acceptance or refusal to get vaccinated despite the availability of services is called vaccine hesitancy. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative in Pakistan faced consistent barriers preventing the eradication of the disease in the country. Similarly with the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mass vaccination drives were initiated to a vaccine hesitant population. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted during July to September 2021 using a snowball sampling technique targeting the adult population of Pakistan. The modified version of the vaccine hesitancy questionnaire related to the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Vaccine Hesitancy matrix was distributed online. Results: Out of 973 participants, 52.4% were immediately willing to take the vaccine and constituted the acceptance group whereas the remaining 47.6% who were still not sure formed the hesitant group. Support from leaders was found to be statistically significant for the difference between the hesitant and acceptance groups (p-value=0.027). Hesitant people were concerned about the effectiveness of the vaccine (60.9%) and potential side effects (57.9%) as it was not sufficiently tested prior to launch (44.7%). Age and education were significant factors affecting the acceptance of vaccination. The most trusted source of information regarding vaccination was health care workers (43.8%). Conclusion: A moderately high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was reported in Pakistan. To overcome it, policymakers need to address the reasons for it. Leaders, celebrities, and healthcare workers can play an instrumental role in dispelling conspiracy theories regarding vaccines and making the vaccination drive a success.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2023

Background Despite its many advantages, prepectoral breast reconstruction also carries the risk of implant rippling. The recent introduction of partial superior implant coverage using a pectoralis muscle slip in prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction has shown the potential to minimize upper pole rippling. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with rippling and the effectiveness of our surgical technique. Methods In total, 156 patients (186 breasts) who underwent prepectoral DTI breast reconstruction between August 2019 and March 2021 were identified retrospectively. Patient data were analyzed from medical records. Univariable and multivariable logistic analyses were performed to contextualize the risks associated with rippling deformity relative to demographic characteristics and other clinical factors. Retrospective propensity-matched analysis was performed to identify the relationship between rippling deformity and the reconstruction method. Results Patients with body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR], 0.736; p < 0.001), those with a postoperative chemotherapy history (OR, 0.324; p = 0.027) and those who received breast reconstruction via the superior coverage technique (OR, 0.2; p = 0.004), were less likely to develop rippling deformity. The median follow-up period was 64.9 weeks, and there were no significant differences between patients in types of mastectomy, implant, or acellular dermal matrix. Patients who underwent superior coverage technique-based reconstruction showed significantly reduced rippling (OR, 0.083; p = 0.017) Conclusion Patients with higher BMI and prior postoperative chemotherapy were less likely to develop rippling deformity. The superior coverage technique can be effective in minimizing upper pole rippling.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2024

Nocardiosis is uncommon. Immunocompromising conditions predispose individuals to pulmonary and disseminated nocardiosis of the brain, skin, and subcutaneous tissues. The most common pathogens are Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Nocardia nova, and Nocardia farcinica. The speciation of Nocardia to determine antimicrobial susceptibility is difficult using traditional biochemical methods. Here, we report the case of a 73-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease who developed a rapidly progressing intramuscular abscess around the left hip and thigh. Within 3 days, the lesions progressed to an epidural abscess at the L4 to S1 level. Although he was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and extensive incision and drainage, he died of rapidly progressive respiratory failure. Nocardia abscessus (N. abscessus) was identified in pus samples using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This case shows that the diagnosis of an intramuscular abscess caused by N. abscessus is challenging and that using MALDI-TOF MS may facilitate the diagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.544-552
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• 2011

식품 중 존재하는 PAHs를 분석하기 위해 GC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분쇄원두커피를 대상으로 15종의 PAHs를 동시분석 하였다. 전처리법은 soxhlet법, 비누화분해 후 액체-액체 추출법, 초음파후 고체-액체추출법으로 비교실험하여 재현성과 불순물제거효율이 가장 좋은 초음파 후 고체-액체 추출법을 선택하여 실험하였다. 실험법의 회수율은 PAHs종에 따라 52.6-93.3%, 검출한계는 0.002-0.1 ${\mu}g/kg$, 정량한계는 0.006-0.2 ${\mu}g/kg$로 PAHs분석에 가장 좋은 감도를 나타내는 HPLC-FLD나 GC-MS-SIM과 비슷하거나 낮은 수준의 검출한계를 나타내었다. 적합한 전처리 방법을 선택한 후 시중 유통되는 원두커피를 대상으로 15종의 PAHs 함량을 조사하였을 때 46종의 총 PAHs농도는 불검출-5.988 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 분쇄원두커피를 커피메이커로 추출하여 PAHs의 이행계수를 계산 한 후 WHO와 U.S.EPA에서 설정한 상대독성계수(TEF)를 근거로 음용되는 원두커피의 인체노출량(mg/kg b.w./day)을 구한 결과 $5.24{\times}10^{-8}$ mg/kg b.w./day였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2001

이상적인 수복재료의 요건으로 치아의 저작기능과 심미성을 충분히 회복시킬 수 있는 물리적, 화학적 성질을 갖추는 동시에 생물학적인 적합성과 구강내 환경변화에 따른 내구성 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나 복합레진을 이용하여 치아를 수복하였을 때 수복물은 구강내에서 시간이 흐름에 따라 타액내에서 서서히 분해되고 교합력이나 음식물에 의해 마모되어가는 운명을 거친다. 본 연구에서는 현재 수복재료로서 많이 사용되고 있는 Definite($Degussa-H\ddot{u}ls$ AG, Germany). Revolution(Kerr, U.S.A.), Unifil(GC, Japan), Palfique(Tokuyama, Japan)의 4종의 복합레진을 알카리성 용액 (0.1N NaOH)에 보관하였을 때 각 제품의 분해저항성을 평가하고자 하였다. 각 제품당 3개의 시편을 제작하여 무게측정을 한 후 0.1N NaOH에 저장하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 2주 후 제거하여 HCl로 중화, 세척 후 $60^{\circ}C$에서 건조하였다. 무게손실, 표면하분해층 깊이, 용출된 Si농도를 기준으로 각 레진의 분해저항성을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 무게손실량은 Unifil에서 3.21%로 가장 높았으나 각각 제품간에 있어서의 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 2. 분해층 깊이는 $107.69\sim47.40{\mu}m$의 범위였고, Unifil, Palfique, Revolution, Definite 순으로 감소하였으며 Palfique, Definite를 제외한 다른 제품간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. Si 용출량은 Palfique가 8940.0ppm으로 가장 많은 용출량을 보였으며 Revolution과 Definite를 제외한 각 제품간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 4. 각 제품의 무게손실과 분해층 깊이 사이에는 높은 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.06, p<0.05). 5. 각 제품의 무게손실과 Si 용출량, 분해층 깊이와 Si 용출량 사이에는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 6. 주사전자현미경 관찰시 NaOH용액에 보관한 후 레진 기질과 필러 사이의 결합의 파괴를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.673-682
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• 2001

우수한 심미성 수복재료로서 복합레진은 그 사용 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 이런 증가 추세에도 불구하고 복합레진의 부적절한 마모저항성 때문에 구치부 수복에서의 사용이 제한되어왔다. 이와 관련된 인자로 수복물의 표면하 분해가 고려되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복합레진의 마모에 미치는 환경적 분해의 효과를 알기 위해 알카리성 용액(0.1N NaOH)에 현재 많이 사용되는 Definite($Degussa-H\ddot{u}ls$ AG, Germany), Prodigy(Kerr, USA), Pyramid(Bisco, USA) 및 Synergy(Coltene, Swiss) 등 4종의 복합레진을 보관하였을 때 각 제품의 분해과정을 평가하고자 하였다. 각 제품 당 3개의 시편을 제작한 후 0.1N NaOH용액에 저장하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 2주 후 제거하여 HCl로 중화, 세척 후 $60^{\circ}C$에서 건조하였다. 무게 손실, 분해층 깊이, Si농도 등을 기준으로 분해저항성을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 무게 손실은 Synergy에서 $1.24{\pm}0.002%$로 가장 높은 값을 보였으나 각 제품간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 2. 분해층 깊이는 Synergy에서 $107.83{\pm}2.52{\mu}m$로 가장 높은 값을 보였고, Synergy를 제외한 다른 제품에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. Si 용출량에 있어서는 4가지 제품 모두 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 무게 손실과 분해층 깊이 사이에는 높은 상관 관계를 보였다(r=0.6127, p<0.05). 5. 무게 손실과 Si 용출량, 분해층 깊이와 Si 용출량 사이에 상관 관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 주사전자현미경 관찰시 NaOH 용액에 보관한 후 레진 기질과 필러 사이의 결합 파괴를 관찰할 수 있었다.