• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 1998

This study investigates work loads and coping strategies of the married female production workers(MFPW). The data of 370 MFPW in manufacturing sector in Taegu are collected by using a questionare in August 1995 The findings of this study are as follow: 1) The results of objective work loads assessed time dairy show that the average working hours is 14.25 hours during weekdays. The respondents spend 11.5 hours and 2.75 hours on doing paid and household work respectively,. The shortage of phisiological and leisure time due to spending excessively long time on work. 2) MFPW perceive the severe subjective work loads in the areas of personal family and social life. The perceived burden from paid work itself is relatively low due to the nature of their job. 3) The coping strategies MFPW actually adopted are limited mostly to those from an individual domain such as shortening the time for sleep leisure or household labor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 1996

458 female workers working in the small and medium scaled industries in Inchon area were surveyed to study their general characteristics, health behavior, working and environmental conditions, awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, current health status, and degree of working satisfaction. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female workers with the explanation by trained interviewer on the purpose of survey and the method how to answer. The results were as follows : (1) 75.5% of the respondents are living with their families and others are living in domitary or rent house for herself. Age distribution ranges from teenagers to warren in their forties. In marital status 69.0% of workers are single and 31.0% of them have ever married. 69.4% of workers are high school graduate. The size of factory is 48.3% with less than 300 workers, 42.1% with 300~500 workers. (2) Most of the workers(86.7%) are full time workers, 52% of the respondents have working experiences in other factories. More than 65% have fewer than 5 years working experience. (3) The awareness of exposure at noise was 33% of respondents, it was significantly different by skilled status. The awareness of exposure at dust, other hazardous material was each 13.3%, 12.4% of respondents. (4) 26% of them are unsatisfied with their working cognitions and 43.7% of them are unsatisfied with their welfare in occupational system unsatisfactory rate of promotion is higher in the unmarried workers(45.6%), skilled workers(47.2%), full time workers(47.4%), long term workers(50%), and awareness group of exposure hazardous material(51.3%), compared to married women workers, unskilled workers, part-time workers, short term workers and unawareness group of exposure at hazardous materials. (5) The index of working satisfaction is rated on a scale of 1 to 10 with the higher point indicating higher satisfaction. Among the selected variables, marital status, working status, the awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, were statistically significant with the index of working satisfaction. (6) By multiple regression analysis showed that the determinant factors of index of working condition were health index, the awareness of exposure at dust, the awareness of exposure other hazardous materials, marital status and working period. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the awareness of exposure at hazardous material the index of working satisfaction. Therefore if the workers are less exposed to the hazardous material and are educated properly they will be more satisfied with their work thus improving their health and productivity. Finally, with the result of this study, there is a great need for the development of a health promotion program and a welfare policy for small-scale factories.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-57
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• 2002

This paper investigates the employment and wage structural changes that have occurred around the economic crisis in 1997. We propose a theoretical model for external effects of human capital within firms and provide their estimation. When the employment and wage structural changes are considered simultaneously, labor demand decreases seem to more than offset labor supply changes during the period. While educational human capital, human capital accumulated with firm-tenure, human capital of married workers and of white-collar workers are considered to have positive external effects, human capital of relatively-old workers and managerial workers are considered to have negative external effects. We suggest that while employment restructuring with regard to age, tenure, and education and managerial workers during the period have improved the efficiency of firms, those with regard to married and white-collar workers have not.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.841-849
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• 2010

Objectives : This purpose of this study was to examine worker's Dental care utilization patterns and its related factors, to prepare basic data for oral health promotion of workers. Methods : The study subject were 1016 industrial workers from7 working places in Gyung-Sang-Buk Do and Daegu-City. Data for this study was obtained by self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of general characteristics, yes or no of dental care utilization before six month, purpose of visit, yes or no of dental disease form the results of dental examination screening before one years, yes or no of and patterns dental care utilization of workers with dental disease, etc. The data was utilized using frequency test and $x^2-test$. Results : Rate of dental care utilization was 40% within six month last, among the general characteristics, it were statistically significant that higher age, married state, bad oral health state, high Work period. Rate of dental disease as a result of their dental examination last was 53.1% among the general characteristics, it were statistically significant that enough economic state, bad oral health state, blue collar work type. Dental care utilization's rate of dental disease as a result of their dental examination last was 48.6% among the general characteristics, it were statistically significant that Enough economic state, higher age, married state, high Work period. Conclusions : In order to promote workers of abnormal opinions to take the medical treatment on their dental diseases later dental examination, it is necessary to educate them consistently for the importance of early medical treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2009

The changes in the worldwide paradigm of the sustainable development have started to be applied in the entire industry fields, and they come out as the sustainable tourism in the field of tourism. And the ecotourism has emerged as a practical method to meet the needs of the actual practice and the intellectual system for the sustainable tourism. In the type of tourists based on tourist attitude, 82.3% has the environment-friendly tourist attitude as a potential ecological tourist or an ecological tourist. In addition, there are the potentials of increase in ecological tourists as well as the revitalization of ecological tourism. First, the ecological tourists are mostly the well-educated and married professional workers at 40, housewives, and people earning a high income. Next, the potential ecological tourists are mainly the well-educated and married professional workers at 30, workers in the service industry, and middle-class citizens. Lastly, the general tourists are the students at 20 who are single, earn a low income, and has low level of education. This study presents useful data to the tourist business in terms of the development, operation and management of sustainable ecological tourism.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was intended to understand relevant factors by observing phenomena and characteristics of family nursing based on ICNP. Methods: The subjects of this study were nurses and 80 reports were prepared by 680 students for the data. Results: The results are as follows: The average number of the family problems the subjects were faced with was 3.5, while the majority (70%) had 3 problems. The most frequently occurred family problem was 'lack of or improper communication,' followed by 'inappropriate family coping,' 'unhealthy life style,' 'inadequate care management of sick members,' and 'wrong parental role.' Married women showed high APGAR score in the family function. The problems they were experiencing were 'lack of or improper communication,' 'inadequate care management of sick members,' and 'wrong parental role.' Conclusion: As a conclusion, the following is advised. First, intervention strategies are required for the women workers at medical institutions as their family problems revealed to have occurred frequently. Second, in order to alleviate family problems of married working women with various tasks and roles they play, necessary measures and concern in the aspect of industrial nursing are needed.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1997

For the purpose of investigating the subjective symptom of industrial fatigue, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 282 labor workers and 189 managerial workers who were employed at the manufacture of electronic products in two small scale industries. Checklist of industrial fatigue was composed of physical symptoms(10 items), mental symptoms(10 items), and sensory neurotic symptoms(10 items). The results were as follows : 1. Complain rate of fatigue was the highest in "eye strain" of physical symptom, "feel anxious about things" of mental symptom, and "feel stiffness in the neck or the shoulders" of sensory neurotic symptom in labor workers and managerial workers. 2. Managerial workers demonstrated II dominant type (mental or night work type), while labor workers demonstrated I dominant type of fatigue (general type). 3. Mean weighted score of fatigue complaints in labor workers (23.16) was significantly higher than that in managerial workers (20.34). 4. Mean weighted scores of fatigue complaints in male, 5~9 years of work duration, married, 4~5 hours of sleeping time, graduation of high school and college, and large of workload were significantly higher in labor workers than in managerial workers. 5. In poor work condition with temperature, ventilation, illumination and noise, the average weighted score was significantly higher in labor workers than in managerial workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to describe the levels of market goods substitution of housework and find out the determinants on it in the domain of food among married female home-based workers. The data were collected from 169 married female home-based workers in Pusan and Kyungnam province, by self-administered questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. In the convenience foods, frozen foods had the highest substitution level, whereas prepared stew had the lowest. The substitution level of Korean traditional storage foods was the middle. And in dining-out service, the substitution level was mostly high: the level of delivery service was higher than that of dining-out. Compared to the previous research, these results showed that market goods substitution tended to increase, and its level in the domain of food will promote continually over time. The variables affecting the substitution level of convenience food were the number of family members, occupation, the existence of elderly/disabled person in the family, sex-role attitude, and weekly hours at home-based work. The substitution level of Korean traditional storage foods was influenced by sex-role attitude, occupation, education, monthly household income, and the existence of elderly/disabled person in the family. The significant variables affecting the substitution level of dining-out service were weekly hours at home-based work, the number of family members, occupation, monthly household income, education, and sex-role attitude.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-41
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is to identify the relationship among married nurses' social support, work-family conflict and work-family enrichment and to examine the influence of social support on work-family conflict and work-family enrichment. Methods: Data were collected from married nurses working at three hospitals with more than 100 beds in J Province and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 21 program. Findings: In the correlation analysis only social support and work-family enrichment showed positive correlation. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, social support still acted as a significant influence factor on work-family conflict and work-family enrichment even in the state of considering the effect of control variables. Conclusion: In order to lower work-family conflict and to enhance work-family enrichment of married nurses, it is necessary to introduce and implement welfare policies for work-family reconciliation at the workplace level and at home level it is necessary to provide concrete measures so that married nurses can find the value of life as workers while house working and nurturing.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the effect of work-family conflict on organizational effectiveness, focusing on the moderating effect of organizational support among married working women of health services organizations. Data were collected from 149 married working women of health services organizations located in Busan Metropolitan areas by structured self-administered questionnaire. Main results of this study is as the following: First, based on the type of work-household conflicts, namely time-based conflict(2.82 points), strain-based conflict(2.81 points) and behavior-based conflict(2.69 points), working women mainly experienced time and strain-based conflicts. The level of work-household conflicts was significantly higher among younger groups, highly educated, nurses, and regular workers. Second, the perceived organizational effectiveness found to be an above-average. Especially scores were high in the subcategories of customer orientation(3.84), followed by organizational commitment (3.42) and job satisfaction(3.19). The level of organizational effectiveness was significantly higher among older groups, medical technician and administrative job holders, day-time workers, and higher income groups. Third, the results of the regression analysis on the effects of work-household conflicts on organizational effectiveness showed that strain-based conflicts have a significant negative effect on organizational effectiveness such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Fourth, organizational support found to have a strong controlling effect for strain-based conflicts on organizational effectiveness. Above results imply that practical family-supportive policies for lessening the work-household conflicts is crucial for enhancing organizational effectiveness in health services organization.