• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.103-123
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• 2014

Export performance has been a core topic in export marketing research. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adaptation/standardization strategies and export performance obtained after implementing each of these strategies to marketing mix variables. It is expected that the study results will help companies better understand an efficient marketing mix and applicability of adaptation/standardization approaches in their export ventures. New Zealand exporting firms which actively seek for export markets in Korea are selected for empirical analysis of this study. Adaptation and standardization are concepts that signify the level of intensity in each strategy; both have advantages and weaknesses. In the case of adaptation approach, it is shown that the difference in export performance between satisfactory and non satisfactory export ventures is statistically significant in marketing mix variables such as price, place and promotion. However, product variables affect statistical significance on export performance between satisfactory and non satisfactory export ventures in standardization approach. This study implies that when a company exports its product overseas, standardization effort is more important for product variables whereas much effort needed in adapting marketing variables such as price, place, and promotion to get satisfactory export performance.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.229-248
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• 2010

This study is intended to empirically investigate determinants of the degree of standardization vs. adaptation in global marketing programs for Korea firms. Our study has two main focuses. First, our study takes a global perspective instead of a binational, i. e., home vs. foreign perspective. Second, we accommodated two conflicting veiws - contingency and resource-based views in explaining determinants of global marketing strategy. As such determinants, we considered global market dynamism and complexity from a contingency view and global marketing assets from a resource-based view. Surveys were conducted with 128 Korean firms engaged in global marketing. Our study found that Korean firms with global assets tend to engage in highly standardized global marketing programs. On the other hand, global market dynamism and complexity did not show statistically significant relationships with the degree of standardization vs. adaptation. The findings suggest that a resource-based view may be more powerful than a contingency view in explaining global marketing strategies of Korean firms.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.171-199
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out current problems facing the commodity trust of e-marketplace and export channel and product adaptation strategy in e-trade. This study will be an important benchmark to shed the light on understanding export channel and the localization adaptation strategy. The business performance of export corporations in Korea so that they will be able to build their own winning marketing adaptation strategy. This study will also obviously provide Korean export corporations having invested in foreign countries with the solid base to set up their marketing channel and localization adaptation strategy to compete with other export corporations abroad.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2005

This study is to find out empirically the success factors on the development stages of e-business in Korean enterprises, to formulate e-business strategy and to decide e-business policy. For this purpose, the study reviews the conceptual framework on the success factors for the development stages of e-business and the data is collected from 304 companies implementing e-business. The study is conducted in three ophases an follows; First, according to this study, the development stage of e-business in Korean Enterprises is between 'Information Access Stage' and 'Core Business Transaction Stage'. Second, four factors comsisted of 29 items derived from factor analysis are named as 'Environmental Adaptation','Customer Relationship management','Marketing' and 'Environment of Organization'. Third, the success factors of first stage(Information Access Statge) include 'Marketing' and 'Environmental Adapotation', the success factors of second stage(Electronic Collaboration Stage) include 'Environmental Adaptation' and 'Environment of Organization' and the success factor of third stage(Core Business Transaction Stage) include 'Environment of Organization'. The results of this study show that; 1) the Korean enterprise seems to be in the Electronic Collaboration Stage of e-business development, and 2) the success factors are 'Marketing' for first stage, 'Environmental Adaptation' for second stage, and 'Environment of Organization' for third stage.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to explore the experience of cross-cultural communication adaptation between local and expatriate employees at PT. XX Organizational culture in the company is the most important factor to helpemployees in the company to work efficiently and effectively in order to achieve company goals. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis methods used in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing a conclusion. From this collaboration, the cultural adaptations arouse due to the challenges for workers who have to work together with different cultural backgrounds. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection methods used is employee interviews at PT. XX with triangulation conducted on 2 expatriates and 2 local employees. Results: Studies show that successful management is highly dependent on employees adapting to local culture and work situations. This process rarely runs smoothly because the persons in intercultural interaction do not use the same language and the lack of adaptation.. Conclusions: . In order to maintain its existence, the company strives to expand its wings in the global market and establish partnerships to expand cooperation. PT. XX from South Korea cooperated with Krakatau Steel, a state-owned Indonesian company

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2022

The article considers the peculiarities of developing a marketing strategy for the adaptation of small businesses to quarantine restrictions in the field of commercial entrepreneurship. The importance of reformatting the existing marketing strategy in connection with the change of key conditions of trade activity with the introduction of quarantine restrictions due to the covid19 virus epidemic is substantiated. Quarantine restrictions and the temporary introduction of lockdown in various countries around the world, including Ukraine, have not only caused a crisis for small businesses. But they became a shock therapy and accelerated the digitalization of retail. Trends in digitalization and development of digital infrastructure allow both to adapt the structures of commercial entrepreneurship to the current conditions, and set directions for development in the long run. Particular attention in the article is paid to changing the business model and automation of sales processes based on the introduction of vending. The preconditions and existing experience of vending in Ukraine are analyzed. An outline of the business model of the project for the sale of goods through vending machines has been developed.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2009

This study analyzes how the perceived pressures and organizational readiness of fashion companies (that utilize the internet as a marketing or commercial transaction tool) influence the continuous internet adaptation intention. It ascertains the differences between the companies that have introduced the internet commercial transaction and companies that have not. The survey was conducted among the employees of fashion companies from January $15^{th}$ to February $20^{th}$ in 2009. A total of 314 respondents were submitted for analysis using diverse methods that include frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results show that the perceived internal and external pressures, the support of the chief executive officer and capacity of the organization influence the continuous internet adaptation intention of fashion companies. There are differences in the perceived internal and external pressures, support of the chief executive officer, capacity of the organization, and continuous internet adaptation intention between companies that introduced a internet commercial transaction system and those that have not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1074-1086
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• 2012

This study examines the influence of mentoring function on major adaptation of university students in a fashion related department and identifies the moderating role of self-efficacy and mentor competence on the effectiveness of a fashion mentoring function. Questionnaire data were gathered from 266 university students in a fashion related department with previous experience in a mentoring program. The results showed that the psychosocial function, sensitivity developmental function, and the fashion career developmental function had a positive impact on the department adaptation (adaptation for professor and adaptation for learning). In addition, there were moderating effects of self-efficacy on the influence of the fashion career developmental function on professor adaptation and the moderating effects of mentor competence on the influence of the sensitivity developmental function on professor adaptation. The results of this study provide various guidelines for professors or administrators of fashion related departments who are interested in mentoring systems.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2174-2181
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to highlight the relationships among market orientation, environmental turbulence, marketing capabilities, and organizational performance in railway industry(616 participants). Major findings are: 1) market orientation showed a significant effect on marketing capabilities, and organizational performance, 2) environmental turbulence functioned as a moderator not to organizational performance, but to marketing capabilities, 3) and marketing capabilities showed a strong effect on organizational performance. These findings imply that market orientation, as well as marketing capabilities, are so essential for creating a supreme performance in the railway industry.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2009

This article provides training exercises for executives into interpreting subroutine maps of executives' thinking in processing business and industrial marketing problems and opportunities. This study builds on premises that Schank proposes about learning and teaching including (1) learning occurs by experiencing and the best instruction offers learners opportunities to distill their knowledge and skills from interactive stories in the form of goal.based scenarios, team projects, and understanding stories from experts. Also, (2) telling does not lead to learning because learning requires action-training environments should emphasize active engagement with stories, cases, and projects. Each training case study includes executive exposure to decision system analysis (DSA). The training case requires the executive to write a "Briefing Report" of a DSA map. Instructions to the executive trainee in writing the briefing report include coverage in the briefing report of (1) details of the essence of the DSA map and (2) a statement of warnings and opportunities that the executive map reader interprets within the DSA map. The length maximum for a briefing report is 500 words-an arbitrary rule that works well in executive training programs. Following this introduction, section two of the article briefly summarizes relevant literature on how humans think within contexts in response to problems and opportunities. Section three illustrates the creation and interpreting of DSA maps using a training exercise in pricing a chemical product to different OEM (original equipment manufacturer) customers. Section four presents a training exercise in pricing decisions by a petroleum manufacturing firm. Section five presents a training exercise in marketing strategies by an office furniture distributer along with buying strategies by business customers. Each of the three training exercises is based on research into information processing and decision making of executives operating in marketing contexts. Section six concludes the article with suggestions for use of this training case and for developing additional training cases for honing executives' decision-making skills. Todd and Gigerenzer propose that humans use simple heuristics because they enable adaptive behavior by exploiting the structure of information in natural decision environments. "Simplicity is a virtue, rather than a curse". Bounded rationality theorists emphasize the centrality of Simon's proposition, "Human rational behavior is shaped by a scissors whose blades are the structure of the task environments and the computational capabilities of the actor". Gigerenzer's view is relevant to Simon's environmental blade and to the environmental structures in the three cases in this article, "The term environment, here, does not refer to a description of the total physical and biological environment, but only to that part important to an organism, given its needs and goals." The present article directs attention to research that combines reports on the structure of task environments with the use of adaptive toolbox heuristics of actors. The DSA mapping approach here concerns the match between strategy and an environment-the development and understanding of ecological rationality theory. Aspiration adaptation theory is central to this approach. Aspiration adaptation theory models decision making as a multi-goal problem without aggregation of the goals into a complete preference order over all decision alternatives. The three case studies in this article permit the learner to apply propositions in aspiration level rules in reaching a decision. Aspiration adaptation takes the form of a sequence of adjustment steps. An adjustment step shifts the current aspiration level to a neighboring point on an aspiration grid by a change in only one goal variable. An upward adjustment step is an increase and a downward adjustment step is a decrease of a goal variable. Creating and using aspiration adaptation levels is integral to bounded rationality theory. The present article increases understanding and expertise of both aspiration adaptation and bounded rationality theories by providing learner experiences and practice in using propositions in both theories. Practice in ranking CTSs and writing TOP gists from DSA maps serves to clarify and deepen Selten's view, "Clearly, aspiration adaptation must enter the picture as an integrated part of the search for a solution." The body of "direct research" by Mintzberg, Gladwin's ethnographic decision tree modeling, and Huff's work on mapping strategic thought are suggestions on where to look for research that considers both the structure of the environment and the computational capabilities of the actors making decisions in these environments. Such research on bounded rationality permits both further development of theory in how and why decisions are made in real life and the development of learning exercises in the use of heuristics occurring in natural environments. The exercises in the present article encourage learning skills and principles of using fast and frugal heuristics in contexts of their intended use. The exercises respond to Schank's wisdom, "In a deep sense, education isn't about knowledge or getting students to know what has happened. It is about getting them to feel what has happened. This is not easy to do. Education, as it is in schools today, is emotionless. This is a huge problem." The three cases and accompanying set of exercise questions adhere to Schank's view, "Processes are best taught by actually engaging in them, which can often mean, for mental processing, active discussion."