• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.352-366
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• 2021

To decrease Europe's harmful emissions, the European Union aims to substantially increase its offshore wind energy capacity. To further develop offshore wind energy, investment in ever-larger construction vessels is necessary. However, this market is characterised by seemingly unpredictable growth of market demand, turbine capacity and distance from shore. Currently it is difficult to deal with such market uncertainty within the ship design process. This research aims to develop a method that is able to deal with market uncertainty in early ship design by increasing knowledge when design freedom is still high. The method uses uncertainty modelling prior to the requirement definition stage by performing global research into the market, and during the concept design stage by iteratively co-evolving the vessel design and business case in parallel. The method consists of three parts; simulating an expected market from data, modelling multiple vessel designs, and an uncertainty model that evaluates the performance of the vessels in the market. The case study into offshore wind foundation installation vessels showed that the method can provide valuable insight into the effect of ship parameters like main dimensions, crane size and ship speed on the performance in an uncertain market. These results were used to create a value robust design, which is capable of handling uncertainty without changes to the vessel. The developed method thus provides a way to deal with market uncertainty in the early ship design process.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2019

Purpose - The major aim of this article is to advance understanding of the relationship between market orientation and speed-to-market. Specifically, this study examines the different impacts of component of market orientation on commitment to R&D and speed-to-market and explores whether market uncertainty plays a role of moderating in speed-to-market for market-oriented firms. Research design, data, and methodology - This study collected a survey data from Korean exporting firms. The Final sample size was 196. The measure of market orientation was conceptualized with second order constructs. All items were measured on five-point scale. To confirm hypotheses, this study conducted a hierarchical regression. Results - As sub-constructs of market orientation, customer orientation, competitor orientation and interfunctional coordination foster speed-to-market, and the relationship between only customer orientation and speed-to-market might be weakened when the extent of market uncertainty is high. Conclusions - This study confirmed the relationship between market orientation and speed-to-market, with three components of market orientation respectively, and whether market uncertainty plays a role of moderating which weaken the link between market orientation and speed-to-market. It could be useful to take a component approach to the market orientation construct, because the roles of different market orientation components might vary, contingent on uncertainty in the environment.

• 경제분석
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.70-99
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• 2019

본 연구는 주가지수, 원달러 환율, 국채수익률 및 신용스프레드로 구성된 Stochastic volatility-in-mean VAR 모형을 이용하여 금융시장 불확실성이 금융시장에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 첫째, 불확실성 증가충격의 효과는 경기후퇴적(recessionary)이며, 특히 주가 하락효과와 원달러 환율 상승효과가 강력한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 금융시장 스트레스에 따른 국면전환(regime shift) 효과에 대한 분석에서는 금융시장 위기 기간 중 불확실성의 효과가 평상시에 비해 더욱 강력해진다는 결과를 얻었다. 마지막으로 금융시장 불확실성 증가는 금융부문을 넘어 실물부문까지 영향을 미치는 실질효과 가능성에 대한 증거가 제시되었다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2001

Many markets are forecast to see significant changes due to the growth of electronic commerce made possible by the internet. The way of doing business with internet affects the market mechanism. It is now over 10 years since Malone et al(1987) set out their hypothesis on electronic markets, and electronic hierarchies. An electronic market is an interorganizational information system through which multiple buyers and sellers interact to accomplish one or more of the following market-making activities. And they predicted that markets evolve toward electronic markets, by reducing search cost, which may result in significantly. higher price competition among sellers and therefore lower prices for buyers. And the degree of two factors; asset specificity and uncertainty, affect the market mechanism. Products with low asset specificity and low uncertainty are compatible with a market relationship while the greater the asset specificity and uncertainty, the more likely it is to favour a hierarchical structure. Based on the these researches, we observed and analyzed a case study of market mechanism in Internet business. We found the fact that even though Internet could make the business environment in which lots of buyers and suppliers participate, electronic market will evolve market mechanism. 1 analyzed two factors, which affected market evolution. First, When Asset specificity is low in electronic commerce, market structure should be preferred to hierarchical structure. Second, When transaction uncertainty is low in electronic commerce, market structure should be preferred In hierarchical structure. This research covers conceptual and empirical aspects on electronic market structure. Future research should be variously done about the influential factors of electronic market mechanism.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.145-170
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• 2020

본 연구는 에너지(석유, 천연가스, 석탄) 가격과 경제적(실물 및 금융) 불확실성 사이의 의존성 구조를 분석하였다. Copula 모형을 이용해 얻은 의존구조 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 에너지 가격과 실물·금융 불확실성 조합의 적합한 모형을 살펴보면, 원유가격과 실물·금융 불확실성 조합은 BB7 copula 모형, 천연가스 가격과 실물·금융 불확실성 조합은 Joe copula 모형, 석탄 가격과 실물·금융 불확실성 조합은 Clayton copula 모형이 각각 가장 적합한 모형으로 선정되었다. 둘째, 전체적인 의존성 구조를 살펴보면, 원유가격, 천연가스 가격, 석탄 가격과 실물 불확실성은 양(+)의 의존성을 보였다. 그렇지만 금융 불확실성과 원유가격은 양(+)의 의존성을 갖지만, 천연가스 가격과 석탄 가격은 금융 불확성과 음(-)의 의존성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 보면, 에너지원 중 원유가격이 실물·금융 불확실성과 가장 높은 의존성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 극단적인 사건을 나타내는 꼬리 의존성을 분석한 결과, 실물 불확실성과 원유, 천연가스 가격은 위 꼬리 의존성만 보이는 비대칭 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 금융 불확실성과 원유가격은 위 꼬리 의존성만 보이는 비대칭 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 비대칭 관계를 갖는 에너지 가격은 부정적인 극단사건이 발생하는 경우 불확실성 변수와 강한 의존관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 경제적 불확실성과 석탄 가격은 꼬리 의존성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.175-194
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• 2019

In order to overcome the limitation of market orientation concept, Narver et al. (2004) have extended the original concept into two dimensions, responsive market orientation (RMO) and proactive market orientation (PMO), respectively. Yet, there has been very limited empirical studies that analyzed the differential effects of each market orientation on firm outcomes, especially in the Korean context. We analyze the impact of RMO and PMO on the new product performance in the perspective of SMEs and examine the moderating effect of external factors such as environmental uncertainty and market similarity. The results of this study show that both RMO and PMO have a significant positive effect on the new product performance of SMEs. Also, environment uncertainty shows a negative moderating effect on the relationship between RMO and new product performance, whereas it has positive moderation with PMO. This suggests that focusing on potential customers' needs rather than current needs helps improve firm performance as the competitive environment surrounding the firm becomes more uncertain. Lastly, market similarity showed a positive moderating effect on the relationship between RMO and new product performance, but not on PMO.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.178-189
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze structural relationships with regard to the effect of customer integration, which is a type of integration in the supply chain, and market orientation of supply chain on the resulting change in the supply chain and management performance. The results of analysis in this study are as follows: First, customer integration and market orientation had a positive effect on reducing the flexibility and uncertainty of SCM. The decreased flexibility and uncertainty of SCM had a positive effect on non-financial performance, which also had a positive effect on financial performance. Second, customer integration and market orientation had a positive effect on financial and non-financial performance indirectly by decreasing the flexibility and uncertainty of SCM. Third, the effect of customer integration and uncertainty of SCM on the flexibility of SCM changed depending on the position in the supply chain; the effect was larger in the distribution group. The implications based on the analysis results are as follows: It is expected that the ability to deal with market changes in the overall supply chain is improved by laying the foundation for cooperation through establishing information infrastructure, including sharing information with trade partners and integrating systems, and implementing customer integration based on these achievements. It is also necessary to consider the business types and characteristics of individual companies in establishing information infrastructure.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate risk price implied from the pricing kernel of Korean stock distribution market. Recently, it is considered that the quantitative easing programs of major developed countries are contributing to a reduction in global uncertainty caused by the 2007~2009 financial crisis. If true, the risk premium as compensation for global systemic risk or economic uncertainty should show a decrease. We examine whether the risk price in the Korean stock distribution market has declined in recent years, and attempt to provide practical implications for investors to manage their portfolios more efficiently, as well as academic implications. Research design, data and methodology - To estimate the risk price, we adopt a non-parametric method; the minimum norm pricing kernel method under the LOP (Law of One Price) constraint. For the estimation, we use 17 industry sorted portfolios provided by the KRX (Korea Exchange). Additionally, the monthly returns of the 17 industry sorted portfolios, from July 2000 to June 2014, are utilized as data samples. We set 120 months (10 years) as the estimation window, and estimate the risk prices from July 2010 to June 2014 by month. Moreover, we analyze correlation between any of the two industry portfolios within the 17 industry portfolios to suggest further economic implications of the risk price we estimate. Results - According to our results, the risk price in the Korean stock distribution market shows a decline over the period of July 2010 to June 2014 with statistical significance. During the period of the declining risk price, the average correlation level between any of the two industry portfolios also shows a decrease, whereas the standard deviation of the average correlation shows an increase. The results imply that the amount of systematic risk in the Korea stock distribution market has decreased, whereas the amount of industry-specific risk has increased. It is one of the well known empirical results that correlation and uncertainty are positively correlated, therefore, the declining correlation may be the result of decreased global economic uncertainty. Meanwhile, less asset correlation enables investors to build portfolios with less systematic risk, therefore the investors require lower risk premiums for the efficient portfolio, resulting in the declining risk price. Conclusions - Our results may provide evidence of reduction in global systemic risk or economic uncertainty in the Korean stock distribution market. However, to defend the argument, further analysis should be done. For instance, the change of global uncertainty could be measured with funding costs in the global money market; subsequently, the relation between global uncertainty and the price of risk might be directly observable. In addition, as time goes by, observations of the risk price could be extended, enabling us to confirm the relation between the global uncertainty and the effect of quantitative easing. These topics are beyond our scope here, therefore we reserve them for future research.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2003

In recent decades, many countries have introduced competition in the electricity industry. Now, unit commitment becomes not a problem to be solved by a monopoly company but the one to be tackled by each generation company(GENCO). Its aim has been altered from the global cost minimization to the each GENCO's profit maximization. In this paper, the author proposes the scheme of unit commitment of a GENCO to maximize profit considering the uncertainty of market clearing price. The type of the assumed market is a uniform price market. A genetic algorithm is used for the maximization of the profit.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.843-845
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• 2005

The uncertainty of long term electricity plan consists of the uncertainty of demand forecast and additional generating capacity. Demand forecast is clearly improved the accuracy than the past through improving forecasting methods. However, the uncertainty of additional generating capacity is increased due to the change of market environment. In an operation by a sole utility, additional generating capacity would be possible by the regulation of government. Currently the generation companies have spined off from KEPCO and some IPPs participate the electricity market. It increases the uncertainty due to weakened regulation. Also the environment movement by NGOs and occurrence of civil affairs cause the increase of uncertainty. This research would analyze the current situation on the uncertainty of additional generating capacity and construction delays. Furthermore this research would present the plan to reflecting it in long term electricity plan.