• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.110-123
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• 2019

Traffic data is the most basic element necessary for transportation planning and traffic system operation. Recently, a method of estimating traffic flow characteristics using distance to a leading vehicle measured by an ADAS camera has been attempted. This study investigated the feasibility of the ADAS vehicle reflecting the distance error of image-based vehicle identification technology as a means to estimate the traffic flow through the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) based on the number of lanes, traffic demand, penetration rate of probe vehicle, and time-space estimation area by employing the microscopic simulation model, VISSIM. As a result, the estimate of low density traffic flow (i.e., LOS A, LOS B) is unreliable due to the limitation of the maximum identification distance of ADAS camera. Although the reliability of the estimates can be improved if multiple lanes, high traffic demands, and high penetration rates are implemented, artificially raising the penetration rates is unrealistic. Their reliability can be improved by extending the time dimension of the estimation area as well, but the most influential one is the driving behavior of the ADAS vehicle. In conclusion, although it is not possible to accurately estimate the traffic flow with the ADAS camera, its applicability will be expanded by improving its performance and functions.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

Recently, there was an increasing demand for an integrated access control system which is capable of user recognition, door control, and facility operations control for smart buildings automation. The market available door lock access control solutions need to be improved from the current level security of door locks operations where security is compromised when a password or digital keys are exposed to the strangers. At present, the access control system solution providers focusing on developing an automatic access control system using (RF) based technologies like bluetooth, WiFi, etc. All the existing automatic door access control technologies required an additional hardware interface and always vulnerable security threads. This paper proposes the user identification and authentication solution for automatic door lock control operations using camera based visible light communication (VLC) technology. This proposed approach use the cameras installed in building facility, user smart devices and IoT open source controller based LED light sensors installed in buildings infrastructure. The building facility installed IoT LED light sensors transmit the authorized user and facility information color grid code and the smart device camera decode the user informations and verify with stored user information then indicate the authentication status to the user and send authentication acknowledgement to facility door lock integrated camera to control the door lock operations. The camera based VLC receiver uses the artificial intelligence (AI) methods to decode VLC data to improve the VLC performance. This paper implements the testbed model using IoT open-source based LED light sensor with CCTV camera and user smartphone devices. The experiment results are verified with custom made convolutional neural network (CNN) based AI techniques for VLC deciding method on smart devices and PC based CCTV monitoring solutions. The archived experiment results confirm that proposed door access control solution is effective and robust for automatic door access control.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2016

Korean government is promoting "K-Smart City" to overseas market which is an integrated solution of construction industry with ICT(Information and Communciations Technologies) industry. Due to nature of Smart City, construction quality and the development quality of the facilities need to be established to improve the overall quality. However, guidelines and regulations to initiate quality control for Smart City are behind the actual demand. This deficiency is bringing quality control for construction and ICT to be controlled separately causing lack of synergy and resulting in overall quality degradation. This research is designed to improve the construction quality of Smart City during its establishment stage by integrating ICT system with on-site construction (Integrated control center and on-site equipment). The adoption of this research to a real Smart City case had resulted in 22% reduction of construction inspection failure (Audit), and also allowed Construction Company to pre-align quality control of all purchased items of ICT Infra that resulted in 18% reduction of nonconformity, thus contributing to an overall quality improvement. This research is expected to be used widely among all construction industry of Smart City.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Today, Korean medical community faces rapid changes in medical environment due to opening of medical market, more emphasis on making profit and introduction of private medical insurance. Therefore, it is apparent that around, major university hospitals, efforts are being made to adapt to such changes by establishing mid to long range strategic plans. We want to keep pace with changing times and diverse demand of patients by introducing state of the art system, utilizing Ubiquitous technologies for improvements. In doing so, we want to distinguish our hospital services from others. However, Hospital Information System that integrates ubiquitous technologies are introduced in limited basis due to problems like standardization and limits on medical use etc. Particularly, problems like absence of tag design suitable for medical environment, compatibility and extension issue with RFID system need to be addressed on application of RFID technologies. In order to solve such problems, this paper implemented RFID tag system, RFID-SIP UA program, location tracking program. This paper provides a comprehensive basic review of RFID and SIP model suggests the evolution direction of further advanced RFID application service. The design of RFID-SIP application offers advance RFID system with drawback and reduction search time of medical object. so there is a improvement of hospital information system in ubiquitous environment.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 2020

The rapid demand for electric vehicles and energy storage systems has increased interest in energy storage devices worldwide. New technological alternatives are needed to reliably supply energy storage mineral resources such as lithium and vanadium, which are key materials for energy storage devices. Already, research and development activities are taking place in various countries on technologies that can directly secure lithium and vanadium. Accordingly, it is very important to analyze each country's technological trends through patent and paper analysis to establish effective research and development strategies and to set future technological development directions. This study analyzed trends in the development of new technologies and the current status of research and development at home and abroad through patent data from Korea, the United States, Europe, and Japan that were disclosed or registered from 1970 to October 2019, and the data searched for papers from January 2000 to October 2019. According to the analysis, the current growth stage of the technology related to energy storage minerals is in the beginning stage. Therefore, it is believed that a strategy to rapidly upgrade technology by combining the development of new technologies and demonstration of developed technologies is needed in order to lead the technology market and strengthen the competitiveness of technologies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2014

As the occupancy rate of the flash memory increases in the storage media market for the embedded system and the semi-conductor industry grows, the demand and supply of flash memory is increasing by a big margin. They are especially used in large quantity in the smart phones, tablets, PC, SSD and Soc(System on Chip) etc. The flash memory is divided into the NOR type and NAND type according to the cell arrangement structure and the NAND type is divided into the SLC(Single Level Cell) and MLC(Multi Level Cell) according to the number of bits that can be stored in each cell. Many tests have been performed on NOR type such as BIST(Bulit-In Self Test) and BIRA(Bulit-In Redundancy Analysis) etc, but there is little study on the NAND type. For the case of the existing BIST, the test can be proceeded using external equipments like ATE of high price. However, this paper is an attempt for the improvement of credibility and harvest rate of the system by proposing the BIST for the MLC NAND type flash memory of Finite State Machine structure on which the pattern test can be performed without external equipment since the necessary patterns are embedded in the interior and which uses the MLC NAND March(x) algorithm and pattern which had been proposed for the MLC NAND type flash memory.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

Types of agricultural policy can be catagorized into two general cases: price and income supports. Income supports are any government program designed to provide farmers with higher incomes than they would receive otherwise. These direct cash payments to farmers are known as "deficiency payment" or "direct payment" because they compensate the farmer for the failure of the market to provide farmers with adequate prices. The direct payment to environment-friendly agriculture is a form of income supports for the agriculture production using less pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Because no significant regulation exists on the use of fertilizers substituting chemical fertilizers for crop, the role of the payment on reducing environmental impacts of agriculture is not entirely clear. This uncertainty is likely to be particularly severe in the case that farmers with low-quality land showing greater demand for fertiliser have an incentive to transition to environment-friendly agriculture. The paper shows the case of the current payment system in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1973

This article has an aim to study what kind of housing system our ancestors lived with during the Yi-Dynasty by analyzing the house-plan of upper-class society of that period since the house of lower-class was very insignificant as it has always been while the house of upper-class represented the period. With this study we can clearly see how we ought to go in the right direction toward the development of our Korean genuine housing by renovating and renewing those unreasonable points in our traditional housing system. It is firmly believed that we should-keep our own unique traditional lovely housing system for being destroyed by the whirl-wind of modernization and the demand of rationalism and efficiency-centered idea of the western mind. From this view point we think it is very urgent to see this matter correctly and find out the real way how we should do in order to keep our own good things for ourselves and make them preserved. This essay is divided into three parts as follows : 1. Thoughts on selecting the good housing area. 2. The aspect of housing reflected upon composing the house-plan. 3. The characteristic sentiments reflected upon the interior construction and decoration. We can find several characteristic points in the housing system of the Yi-Dynasty as follows : 1. In Korea, the thought of natural geography (Poongsu-seul), apart fro scientific view, which seems rather superstitious to us, modern young people, has been highly recommended by the people of our country from old days connected with the prosperity of our life. They also neglected about the social circumstances such as, market, transportation, and education, which are now considered as very important. They only put their concern on this natural environment which they called Poongsu. 2. In construction of house-plan, the house was not built for living with reasonable convenience, but for showing prestige of the upper-class people reflecting its social organization under the feudalism of the period. Furthermore, the most of the housework was done actually by those servants and maids of the house, and not the family themselves. The only concern for the upper-class people was to show off their authority, and so this sense of authority was revealed in the housing as well. 3. Both the outside appearance of the house and the interior decoration or the furniture are all very artistic and lovely. They were so refined and beautiful with their delicate taste which truly seem against our modern rationalism and uniformity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.726-737
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• 2017

Carotenoids are isoprenoids with a long polyene chain containing 3 to 15 conjugated double bonds, which determines their absorption spectrum. They typically consist of a $C_{40}$ hydrocarbon backbone often modified by different oxygen-containing functional groups, to yield cyclic or acyclic xanthophylls. Much work has also been focused on the identification, production, and utilization of natural sources of carotenoid (plants, microorganisms and crustacean by-products) as an alternative to the synthetic pigment which currently covers most of the world markets. Nevertheless, only a few carotenoids (${\beta}-carotene$, lycopene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and lutein) can be produced commercially by fermentation or isolation from the small number of abundant natural sources. The market and demand for carotenoids is anticipated to increase dramatically with the discovery that carotenoids exhibit significant anti-carcinogenic activities and play an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases. The increasing importance of carotenoids in the feed, nutraceutical food and pharmaceutical markets has renewed by efforts to find ways of producing additional carotenoid structures in useful quantities. Because microorganisms and plants synthesize hundreds of different complex chemical carotenoid structures and a number of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways have been elucidated on a molecular level, metabolic and genetic engineering of microorganisms can provide a means towards economic production of carotenoid structures that are otherwise inaccessible. The aim of this article is to review our current understanding of carotenoid formation, to explain the perceived benefits of carotenoid in the diet and review the efforts that have been made to increase carotenoid in certain microorganisms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

Although the global coffee market is growing every year and the demand for coffee wrapping paper is increasing accordingly, research on the effect of PE material and PP material on the coffee aroma used in the sealant layer, which will directly contact the product, is lacking. In this study, we studied the change of aroma patterns and flavor materials by adding coffee to PP and PE pouches. In addition, we observed changes in aroma patterns depending on the temperature and the presence of the deoxidizer. As a result, it was found that the PP type packaging material was slightly better than the PE type packaging material, but the performance was hardly changed by the material. Rather, the change in the aroma pattern due to temperature was dominant rather than the material. It is ideal that refrigerated distribution ($4^{\circ}C$) is the best storage temperature and sales are done within a short period of time. Among the indicators, pyridine was the most suitable material to study and there are many data about pyridine. Therefore, it is expected that the results can be derived by using pyridine.