• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.119-134
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• 2019

This study focuses on a recent WTO SPS dispute related to Korea Import Bans and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides (DS495) in order to learn from the case and take proactive measures to prevent potential import restrictions by Japan on Korean seafood. Korean-Radionuclides (Japan) emphasizes the importance of sufficient scientific evidence, especially scientific information from relevant international organizations, in an effort to take preventive measures towards Japan's restrictions on Korean seafood imports. Japan claims that a novel parasite, Kudoa septempuctata, in Korean flatfish causes food poisoning. As food poisoning is a serious concern, there is a low possibility that Japan's enhanced monitoring measures would be more trade restrictive than required as prescribed in Article 5.6 of the WTO SPS Agreement. In addition, Korea is the biggest exporter of olive flounder to Japan. Hence, the possibility that similar conditions could be established is low in relation to non-discriminatory principles under the WTO SPS Agreement. Accordingly, we should collect relevant scientific evidence, improve domestic sanitary management of fishery products, and seek export diversification so that we prepare for potential import restrictions by Japan and minimize implications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2019

This article aims to summarize the recycling status of scrap gold, silver, platinum, and palladium by regions and industries in order to utilize the data for securing raw materials of the domestic urban mining industry. The amount of gold from scrap has shown a tendency to decrease in countries other than China over the last ten years, which is attributed to the increase in scrap containing gold in China. The industry demand for gold is the highest in electronic products, but it is decreasing. The amount of scrap recycling for silver has declined but total silver production has increased by increasing mine products. As production and demand from platinum and palladium scrap are mostly for catalysts, their demand could be affected by the electric vehicle industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.279-289
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• 2023

The United States enforces the seafood import regulations so-called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), and by 2023, all exports of aquatic products and processed fish products by fisheries which have not obtained an "Comparability Finding" from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will be completely banned. Therefore, to respond to the US MMPA, it is critical to identify technologies and methods used in worldwide for reducing bycatch of marine mammals. In particular, marine mammals are frequently caught in five fisheries (trawl, gill net, trap, stow net and set net) in Korea, which is facing a great challenge. This study presented bycatch reduction methods by five fisheries, classified the methods by country, and suggested appropriate reduction methods which can be applied in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-129
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• 2023

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the consumer value of risk management associated with illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing of fishery products imported to Korea. The global regulatory paradigm for IUU fishing has shifted from production-centered to market-centered. As a result, changes in the international fisheries trade environment emphasizing "transparency" and "legality" of the production process are accelerating. Therefore, changes in the management systems of fishery products entering the country are also needed. Accordingly, this study estimated the consumer value for risk management of IUU fishing, targeting major fish species imported to Korea, and derived the feasibility of introducing related policies. Design/methodology - This study used the choice experiment as an analysis model to estimate consumers' willingness to pay for the "possibility to check for IUU fishing." The choice experiment assumes that the value of a good or service is composed of separable attributes and that the sum of the part-worth of these individual attributes becomes the total value. In this study, respondents were presented with profiles comprising three attributes (country of origin, price, and possibility of checking IUU fishing) and the levels of frozen poulp squid, the subject of the analysis. The participants were asked to select their preferred profile. The marginal willingness to pay for each attribute was derived from the results of the respondents' choices using conditional logit model estimates. Findings - There is a marked difference in utility based on the preference of the country of origin of fishery products among consumers. In addition, the utility of fishery products that have undergone IUU fishing verification was observed to be higher, with the utility marked to be higher for lower prices. Originality/value - Estimating the policy value of the risk management in IUU fishing of imported fisheries products in this study is a novel attempt that has never been conducted before. Several studies have been conducted to assess the risk of IUU fishing associated with the import of fishery products internationally. However, such studies are yet to be conducted in Korea. Instead, policies and studies have focused on issues related to complying with trading partners' legal and transparent standards for exporting fishery products. This study should be the beginning of more in-depth empirical and theoretical explorations to establish order in the domestic seafood market and respond to changes in international regulations on IUU fishing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2017

A process-centric simulation modeling method has been proposed to define a shipbuilding simulation model. Existing modeling methods have limitations for expressing various production information for a shipyard. The advanced process-centric modeling method proposed in this paper offers an improvement, effectively representing production information and constraints for a shipyard. To achieve this, a method and diagram components to define a process-centric simulation model in detail have been suggested. The modeling method can assign priorities when multiple products and facilities are assigned to the process. And layer concept was applied to express simulation model with hierarchical structure. To verify the effectiveness of the modeling method, comparative analysis has been performed and the actual shipbuilding process has been modeled using the proposed method. When a single facility was used for various purposes, we found that the proposed method was more advantageous than existing methods. As a result, it was possible to express constraints and flows that were difficult to identify with existing process-centric simulation modeling methods, and the methods were improved for use in shipyard production planning verification simulations.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.542-547
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• 2015

Since the oil price has been significantly jumped for several years, a heavy oil of low quality has been mainly used in the diesel engine of the merchant ship. Thus, a combustion chamber of the engine has been often exposed to severely corrosive environment more and more because temperature of the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber has been getting higher and higher with increasing of using the heavy oil of low quality. As a result, wear and corrosion of the engine parts such as exhaust valve, piston crown and cylinder head surrounded with combustion chamber are more serious compared to the other parts of the engine. Therefore, an optimum repair welding for these engine parts is very important to prolong their lifetime in a economical point of view. In this study, Inconel 625 filler metal were welded with GTAW method in the cast steel which would be generally used with piston crown material. And the corrosion properties of weld metal, heat affected and base metal zones were investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and impedance etc. in 35% $H_2SO_4$ solution. The weld metal and base metal zones exhibited the highest and lowest values of hardness respectively. Furthermore, the corrosion current density of the weld metal zone revealed the lowest value, having the highest value of hardness. The corrosive products with red color and local corrosion like as a pitting corrosion were considerably observed at the base metal zone, while these morphologies were not wholly observed in the weld metal zone. In particular, the polarization characteristics such as impedance, polarization curve and cyclic voltammogran associated with corrosion resistance property were well in good agreement with each other. Consequently, it is suggested that the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of the piston crown can be predominantly improved by repair welding method using the Inconel 625 electrode.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2015

This paper implements a long-term monitoring system (LMS) for ship's engine performance analysis (SEPA) based on the web, for the purpose of the communication speed and engine maintenance. This system is composed of a simulator, monitoring module with a multi channel A/D converter, monitoring computer, network attached storage (NAS), RS485 serial and wireless internet communication system. The existing products monitor the information transmitted from pressure sensors installed in the upper parts of each of engines in the local or web computer, but have a delay in the communication speed and errors in long-term monitoring due to the large volume of sampling pressure data. To improve these problems, the monitoring computer saves the sampling pressure data received from the pressure sensors in NAS, monitors the long-term sampling data generated by the sectional down sampling method on a local computer, and transmits them to the web for long-term monitoring. Because this method has one tenth of the original sampling data, it will use memory with small capacity, save communication cost, monitor the long-term sampling data for 30 days, and as a result, make a great contribution to engine maintenance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1044-1057
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• 2014

This study has seen about a indemnity system of fishery damage by natural disasters such as a problem and improvement methods of government aid system and system on accident insurance for cultured fishery products. Recently, in the situation that the demage of aquaculture industry caused by frequent typhoon resulted from global warming and abnormal changed of weather is nasty, the accident insurance for cultured fishery products is necessary to show its true quality and to protect fishers against natural disasters owing to the limitation of government's aid for them. However, The objects of accident insurance for cultured fishery products which is progress on, is too short to apply, so that it is absolutely insufficient to fulfill the demands of culturing fishermen. Therefore, It could be a certain preparation to magnify the range of object items of it and to convert the trial industry being adjusted to limited area into full scale industry to adjust over all nationally. Furthermore, This insurance is complicated and strict to join rather than other insurances. As it can be seen by examples that got in trouble, despite culturing fishermen applied to join the insurance, they took all demage because the insurance was not realized. So, It is hard to say that causes impute the responsibility of it to the authority of insurance, not culturing fishery. They should simplify the registration process, limit the period each registration process and consider a countermeasure to complete it. Concerning compensation for the loss, agriculture part is easier to investigate the loss due to remained dead crop damaged by natural disaster, meanwhile, in fishing part, especially in case of cultivation of fish, it is difficult to investigate the loss and demage because crops are blown all together with typhoon when it comes plus the facilities of them are also very old. Consequently to solve the problem needs more positive attitude as it is policy insurance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 1996

Photosynthetic pigments and their degradation products in suspended and sinking particles collected from the Gulf of Mexico waters 1987~88, were measured using High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPIC). The short term variations in flux rates of chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as-their degradation products were compared at the mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation features (cold joie rink and warm core ring). Chlorophyll a was the predominant porphyrin of suspended particulate matter at both CCR -and WCR. Among carotenoid pigments, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which is a biomarker of prymnesiophytes, was dominant pigment at both rinds. Phaeophorbide a, which is produced through the Brazing processes of grazers, was the predominant degraded pigment in sinking particles ai the study aiea. Total pigment flux in CCR was an order of magnitude higher than that in WCR. Less than l% of the standing stock of the pigments measured sank out of the upper 200m of the WCR on any given day. Thus, suspended particulate matter in Gulf of Medico was not recycled rapidly.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Purpose - In general, large companies have larger organizations, funds, and systems to provide more effective and efficient services in the market. However, development needs to support the livelihood of ordinary citizens who work for small businesses as well. This research suggests that a new distribution channel, called a "foothold style Kosa mart," that cooperates jointly with a distribution center and a large discount mart can provide direct solutions to small and mid-size distributors. This new distribution channel can achieve a limited type of "Nadle shop (small supermarket) foster project" related to building a joint distribution center and improvement in wholesale supply. Research design, data, and methodology - Data about the Korea distribution situation, the Nadle stores, and the logistics centers were collected from literature, Statistics Korea, journals, and reports. Specifically, we investigated information about Kosa Mart and Nadle stores. We focused on the redesign of the distribution center for the Nadle store. Results - The Kosa Mart distribution center now includes 18 warehouses, and has been handling 2000-3000 items. Most of the warehouses have been simply designed and items loaded and stored without refrigeration; thus, it is possible to store only products of certain manufactured goods. The current logistics center has no wholesale function because it failed to resolve the joint purchasing and product supply issues of competitively priced products. Conclusions - This study aimed to identify ways to strengthen the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized retailers. A Kosa Mart redesign aims to unifying the logistics center, stores, and customers. First, the joint wholesale logistics system, equipped with an integrated ordering system, needs to process customer orders and store orders at the same time. Second, excellent small business product development has to connect with production. Third, the store composition needs to support a shipping hub. Fourth, the Mart differentiates itself from convenience store goods by supplying regional and specialized products to customers. Fifth, a service buying agent and direct transactions between producers and consumers need to be established, and exhibits and displays of goods need to be improved.