• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.514-520
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a novel shore-to-sea maritime data transmission system based on time-code diversity, using visible light in maritime environments to overcome the limitations of conventional maritime wireless communications. The proposed system is primarily comprised of existing LED-based lighthouses and maritime transceivers (marine beacons, buoys, etc.), and thus is considered cost-effective in terms of implementation. We first analyze maritime visible-light communications on the basis of the unique properties of a maritime environment, i.e. sea states (wave height, wind speed, etc.), plus atmospheric turbulence, using the Pierson-Moskowitz (PM) and JONSWAP (JS) spectrum models. It is found that the JS model outperforms the PM model, and that the coverage distance depends on the LED power and sea states. To combat maritime fading conditions that significantly degrade performance and coverage distance, we propose a time-code diversity (TCD) scheme in which the delayed versions of the original data are retransmitted using orthogonal Walsh codes. This TCD scheme is found to be superior, in that it offers three orders of magnitude in terms of BER performance, compared to a conventional (non-TCD) transmission scheme. The proposed scheme is robust and efficient in overcoming the effect of impairments present in maritime environments with a BER of approximately $10^{-5}$and a data rate of 100 Kbps at a distance of 1 km.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제39권10호
• /
• pp.1049-1053
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes to include engine information in Maritime Service Portfolio (MSP) for effective implementation of e-Navigation. Even though engine information is one of most important element to e-Navigation, MSP consists of mainly about navigation and communication information not included engine information. Furthermore, in reality, engine information sent from ship side such as mainly noon report and Planned Maintenance System (PMS) is too limited to make e-Navigation possibly. Therefore, Remote diagnostic structure receiving and sending data of engine information must be included in MSP for implementation of e-Navigation. Also, it has to be designed, and developed by Software Quality Assurance (SQA).

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.2249-2260
• /
• 2017

해상통신은 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, IMO)에서 세계 해상 조난 및 안전제도(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, GMDSS)를 마련하고, SOLAS 규약에 따라 조난 및 안전 시스템을 탑재하도록 의무화하고 있다. Digital-HF(High-Frequency) 해안국 통신 시스템은 선박과 해안기지국 사이에 상호 운용성을 유지하며, 기존 아날로그 기반의 음성통신을 디지털화하여 해상이동업무에서 디지털 데이터 교환을 하기 위한 시스템이다. 본 논문은 디지털 HF통신을 위해 ITU에서 제정한 ITU-R M.1798-1을 분석하고, 기존 Annex 2와 Annex4의 문제점을 개선하여 Advanced annex2와 새로운 부속서인 Annex 5를 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 OFDM 프로토콜은 기본적으로 정보 송신측(ISS)과 정보 수신측(IRS)간의 반이중화 방식으로 에러발생시 재전송을 하는 ARQ(Automatic Retransmission Request)방식을 취하고 있으며, 이에 상응하는 구현 및 성능향상에 관한 기술적 개발을 하여 기존에 제시된 ITU-R M.1798-1보다 안정성과 우수성을 확보한 디지털 HF 통신시스템을 제안하고자 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.922-937
• /
• 2024

Maritime activities are on the rise, there is a growing demand for high-quality communication services that can cover larger areas. However, the transmission of high data rates to maritime users is challenging due to path loss from land base stations, which limits the transmission power. To overcome this challenge, researchers have been exploring the use of buoys in a marine environment as relays for communication technology. This paper proposes a simulation-based approach to investigate the impact of various beamwidths on communication performance when using a buoy as a relay. The objective is to determine the optimal beamwidth that yields the highest data rate for the target location. The approach is based on an offshore wave model where the direction of the buoy changes according to the height of the wave. The study investigates the performance of the relay in the downlink situation using receive beamforming, and the capacity at the user in the three-hop situation is verified using an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay that uses transmit beamforming to the user. The simulation results suggest that the beamwidth of the relay should be adjusted according to the wave conditions to optimize the data rate and relay position that satisfies a data rate superior to the direct path to the target position. Using a buoy as a relay can be a promising solution for enhancing maritime communications, and the simulation-based approach proposed in this paper can provide insights into how to optimize beamwidth for effective communication system design and implementation. In conclusion, the study results suggest that the use of buoys as relays for maritime communication is a feasible solution for expanding coverage and enhancing communication quality. The proposed simulation-based approach provides a useful tool for identifying relay beamwidths for achieving higher data rates in different wave conditions. These findings have significant implications for the design and deployment of communication systems in maritime environments.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.292-299
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 비선형 소자 탐지기용 다중 공진 원편파 안테나의 설계를 제안한 것이다. 광대역으로 설계하기 위해, CPW 급전 방법이 고려되었다. 원편파를 구현하기 위해, 축비는 방사 소자에 $45^{\circ}$ 기울어진 슬롯과 방사 패치 가장자리의 커팅 크기에 의해 제어되었다. 관심 대역인 2.4~2.44 GHz, 4.84~4.92 GHz, 7.28~7.36 GHz에서 측정된 반사 손실, 대역폭, 축비, 편파 패턴과 이득은 시뮬레이션 값과 잘 일치하였다

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2009

유비쿼터스 네트워크의 실현을 위한 4세대 통신방식의 유력한 후보로 부상하는 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 통신방식이 육상에서 주목받고 있으며, 고속 데이터 전송을 위한 Wireless LAN의 표준기술로 확정되어 있다. 해상통신의 경우에서도 OFDM 통신방식은 VHF 대역을 이용한 데이터 전송방식으로 제안되고 있으며 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)는 해상통신에서 32-point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)를 사용하도록 권고하고 있다. 해상 통신에서는 해양사고 및 조난 시에도 통신이 이루어져야 하는 한계상황을 고려하면 OFDM 통신시스템의 중요 디바이스인 FFT는 저전력으로 동작되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 OFDM 방식의 중요 디바이스인 32-point FFT를 저전력으로 동작시키기 위해 radix-2와 radix-4를 이용하여 저전력 32-point FFT 알고리즘을 제안한다. 최적화된 설계로 32-point FFT를 저전력 동작이 가능하도록 설계하였으며, 제안한 알고리즘은 VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language)로 구현하고 FPGA (field-programmable gate array) Spartan3 board에 장착하여 Matlab의 이론값과 비교, 검증하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.29-32
• /
• 2019

정보통신기술의 발전으로 인하여 선박 내 시스템 간 또는 선박과 육상 시설 간의 정보 교환 및 통신이 용이하게 되어 업무 효율이 향상되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 회사와 선박의 업무 환경의 변화는 회사 및 선박의 시스템으로의 비인가된 접근 또는 악성코드 감염과 같은 사이버보안 사고 발생 가능성을 높이는 요인이 되어 안전, 환경 및 상업적으로 중대한 피해를 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 증가하는 사이버위헙을 식별하고 대응하기 위하여 사이버 리스크 기반 접근법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 해사 사이버보안 동향을 분석하고 해상 사이버보안 시스템 구축을 위한 가이드라인을 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.353-357
• /
• 2008

One objective in developing the next generation of wireless communication systems is to increase data rates and reliability. A promising way to achieve this is to combine multiple-input and multiple-output signal processing with a space-time coding scheme, which offers higher coding and diversity gains and improves the spectrum efficiency and reliability of a wireless communication system. It is noted, however, that time delay differences and phase differences among different channels increase symbol interference and degrade system performance. In this letter, we investigate phase differences and their effects on multiple-input and multiple-output systems, and propose a compensation algorithm for the Rayleigh fading model to minimize their effects.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.347-352
• /
• 2004

We generated blocks from the direction-extracted fingerprint during the pre-process of the fingerprint recognition algorithm and performed training by using the direction minutiae of each block as the input pattern of the neural network, so that we extracted the core points to use in the matching. Based on this, we designed the fingerprint recognition embedded system and tested it by using the control board and the serial communication to utilize it for a variety of application systems. As a result, we can verify the reliance satisfactorily.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2020

Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) has been developed over the years. But, there are many unresolved problems. To overcome these problems, this study proposes connected ship navigation system. The system comprises a slave ship and a master ship that leads the slave ship. To implement this system, communication network, route planning algorithms, and controllers are designed. The communication network is built using the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) socket communication method to exchange data between ships. The route planning algorithms calculate the course and distance of the slave ship using the middle latitude sailing method. Nomoto model is used as the mathematical model of the slave ship maneuvering motion. Then, the autoregressive with exogenous variables (ARX) model is used to estimate the parameters of Nomoto model. Based on the above model, the automatic steering controller is designed using a proportional-derivative (PD) control. Also, the speed controller is designed for the slave ship to maintain constant distance from the master ship. Sea experiments are conducted to verify the proposed system with two remodeled boats.