• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2011

Nationally and internationally reported statistics on marine accidents show that 80% or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or in part by human error. According to the statistics of marine accident causes from Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal(KMST), operating errors are implicated in 78.7% of all marine accidents that occurred from 2002 to 2006. In the case of the collision accidents, about 95% of all collision accidents are caused by operating errors, and those human error related collision accidents are mostly caused by failure of maintaining proper lookout and breach of the regulations for preventing collision. One way of reducing the probability of occurrence of the human error related marine accidents effectively is by investigating and understanding the role of the human elements in accident causation. In this paper, causal factors/root causes classification systems for marine accident investigation were reviewed and some typical human error analysis methods used in shipping industry were described in detail. This paper also proposed a human error analysis method that contains a cognitive process model, a human error analysis technique(Maritime HFACS) and a marine accident causal chains, and then its application to the actual marine accident was provided as a case study in order to demonstrate the framework of the method.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.24-38
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• 2007

It is a very challenging work to design large Arctic LNG carrier, since LNG carrier requires high reliability for the structural safety and the environment of Arctic region is known to be very severe. Therefore, special attention should be paid for the verifying the structural safety of LNG career particularly with regard to LNG leakage. In this paper, the safety of the hull structure and cargo containment system of 208K MK $III^{TM}$ type LNG carriers with Arc4 is investigated based on the direct calculation of ice loads as well as wave loads. From the whole investigation, it is clear that the developed vessel - 208K MK $III^{TM}$ type LNG carrier with RMRS Ice class Arc4 - has enough strength and is safe to be operated in Arctic region.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Government is willing to abolish half of whole administration regulations and put emphasis to improve them. There was criticism that taper by bureaucracies' form and interest group's repulsion does not reach here upon in spite of these result. Therefore, need to ready diversified regulation adaptation administration countermeasure so that can observe because propel regulation innovation until now continuously and people, corporation, public official understand definitely contents of regulation. Contents of question regulation awareness about regulation adaptation and degree. On the basis of Question investigation about persons concerned of leisure safety law and wish to grasp observance degree, and produce synthetic Contents and field conformity degree, and draw solution plan of reformable item in leisure safety law and present development direction of leisure safety law.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-31
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• 1997

This work aims at examining the navigational safety of the entrance channels of Masan harbour and suggesting the way to improve ships' navigational safety through the channels. It has been found, from the on-scene investigation of the navigational safety at Masan, that the depth of the Budo-Sudo channel is not deep enough to cater for the largest vessel visiting the harbour, and that the No.2 navigational channel is not wide enough for the vessel. An additional new waterway, therefore, has been recommended to be established in the south of the Budo-Sudo channel so that the deep draft vessel can detour. The No.2 navigational channel has been recommended to be widen. The width of the channel was suggested to be 280 meters. A waterway design simulation methodology has been applied to examine the safety of the newly suggested channels. New channels have been proved to be safe from the experiment.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2018년도 공동국제학술발표회
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• pp.47-47
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• 2018

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.118-118
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• 2017

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

The management of safety at sea is based on a set of internationally accepted regulations and codes, governing or guiding the design and operation of ships. The regulations most directly concerned with human safety and protection of the environment are, in general, agreed internationally through the International Maritime Organization(IMO). IMO has continuously dealt with safety problems and, recognized that the human element is a key factor in both safety and pollution prevention issues(IMO, 2010). This paper proposes a human error analysis methodology which is based on the human error taxonomy and theories (SHELL model, GEMS model and etc.) that were discussed in the IMO guidelines for the investigation of human factors in marine casualties and incidents. In this paper, a cognitive process model, a human error analysis technique and a marine accident causal chains focused on human factors are discussed, and towing vessel collision accidents are analyzed as a case study in order to examine the applicability of the human error analysis technique to marine accidents. Also human errors related to those towing vessel collision accidents and their underlying factors are discussed in detail.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

해양사고에 있어서 사고조사는 선박충돌사고 원인을 알아내는 중요한 절차 중에 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 선박조종 시뮬레이터 기술을 이용한 선박충돌사고 재현 시스템이 해양사고가 해양안전심판정에서 쉽게 시각적으로 표현되는 것을 서문으로 붙인다. 이 시스템에서는 사용자가 선박의 종류와 사고의 위치를 선택하게 되면 선박 충돌 진행 상황이 2D 와 3D Visual 화면으로 제공된다. 이 시스템은 또한 사고의 원인을 알아내는데 유용하게 이용되는 다양한 View Point를 포함하여 안개상황 흑은 주야간 등 시각적인 환경도 제공된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to measure the workload of Korea coastal ship crew members, to investigate whether they are following work-break time regulations and to identify the main causes of their workload. Background: According to the US Coast Guard, about 33% of human casualties are reported to be due to fatigue, and 30% of marine casualties reported by the British Marine Accident Investigation Agency (MAIB) are attributed to crew fatigue. But the coastal ship are not managed for business hours and breaks despite the harsh environment. Method: The workload of duty crew members on the 100 domestic coastal vessels was measured. It was also investigated whether they are following domestic and international work-break time regulations. Finally, the marine accidents resulted from the fatigue of the crew was analyzed. Results: As a result of workload analysis, the workload on the 42~62% of the vessels exceeded the standard of working time on the related regulation. The workload increased with the number of inbound and outbound ports. Especially, in the system where there are two seafarers, the workload exceeded the working time requirement. As a result of the marine accidents analysis on 100 vessels, it was found that collision and grounding occurred due to fatigue, workload and drowsiness in 7 marine accidents out of 30 marine accidents. Conclusion: It is necessary for the shipping companies to introduce an operation management manual for the management of the crews' workload and reasonable crew arrangement. It is also required for crew members to easily record work times and for shipping companies to manage the record. It would be possible to prevent many marine accidents by providing adequate rest to the crews and flexibly adjusting their working hours. Application: The results of this study can be used as fundamental data to manage crews' fatigue and to make job management manuals.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.466-468
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• 2012

선박산업에서의 국내외 해양사고 통계에 의하면, 모든 해양사고의 80% 정도가 직접적 또는 간접적으로 관련된 인적요인(Human Factors)에 의하여 발생한다고 보고되고 있다. 이러한 해양사고의 원인을 규명함으로써 유사 해양사고의 발생을 방지하고, 또한, 해양사고 조사에 있어서 공통적인 접근방법의 이용과 국가 간의 협력을 증진시키기 위한 목적으로, IMO(International Maritime Organization)에서는 해양사고 인적요인 조사지침(Guidelines for the Investigation of Human Factors in Marine Casualties and Incidents)을 포함한 해양사고조사코드(Casualty Investigation Code: Code of the International Standards and Recommended Practices for a Safety Investigation into a Marine Casualty or Marine Incident)를 채택하였으며, 동 코드는 2010년 1월 1일 발효되었다. 이에 따라, 해양안전심판원에서는, 3단계 절차로 구성된 인적요인 조사 및 분석 방법론을 제안하고, "해양사고 인적요인 분석 매뉴얼"을 마련하였다. 본 논문에서는, 해양안전심판원에서 제안한 인적요인 조사 및 분석 방법론을 실제 해양사고에 적용하여 인적요인 조사분석 모델의 적용사례를 마련하고, 분석 모델을 검토 및 보완하고자 한다.