• 제목/요약/키워드: Marine pollution control

검색결과 142건 처리시간 0.026초

해양환경관리 관련 각종 국제협약의 국내 수용 현황 (Domestic Status for Acceptance of Various International Conventions relating to Marine Environment Management)

  • 김광수
    • 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.221-237
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    • 2006
  • 각종 국제협약의 채결 및 개정안에 따라서, 특히 73/78 국제해양오염방지협약에 의하여 제정되고 개정되어 온 해양오염방지 협약과 같은 국내법들을 살펴보고 국제협약들의 주요 내용과 비교하였다. 그리고 현존의 국제협약 또는 새로운 국제협약의 새로운 내용 및 최근의 개정내용에 따라서 해양오염방지법과 같은 현행 국내법을 개정하거나 새로운 국내법을 제정하는 몇 가지 대안을 제시하였다. 73/78 국제해양오염방지협약의 부속서 6장을 최근에 대기환경보전법으로 수용하지 않고 해양오염방지법으로 수용하였다. 선박 밸러스트수 배출을 통한 외래유해생물종의 침입을 방지하고 국내 해양생태계와 연안환경을 보호하기 위하여 선박밸러스트수침전물관리협약을 해양오염방지법으로 수용하거나 새로운 법을 제정하여 수용하여야 한다. 선박의 유해한 방오시스템 통제를 위한 국제협약을 유해화학물질관리법으로 수용하기보다는 해양오염방지법으로 수용하여야 한다. 선상 잔유 유성혼합물의 빌지수를 함유한 해철유조선을 선진국에서 개발도상국이나 후진국으로 국가 간 이동하는 것을 방지하기 위하여 유해화학물질의 국가간 이동을 규제하고 금지하는 바젤협약올 해양오염방지법으로 수용함으로써 종국적으로는 세계의 해양환경보전에 기여하여야 한다.

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지방정부 해안방제능력의 개선방안에 관한 연구 - 중앙정부의 지원방안을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Improvement of the Marine Pollution Management Capacity of Local Governments - Focucing on Support by the Central Government -)

  • 정재헌;김상구
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.354-364
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 국내 외적으로 해양오염사고 예방에 관한 관심과 중요성이 날로 증대되는 가운데, 지방정부 중심의 해안방제체계를 구축하기 위한 정책방향 설계에 그 목적이 있다. 따라서 지방정부의 해안방제능력을 진단하고 해안방제 실행력 강화를 위해 필요한 중앙정부의 정책적 지원방안이 무엇인지를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 국내외에서 일어났던 대규모 해양오염사고 사례분석을 통해 지방정부가 해안방제를 어떻게 수행했는지를 분석하고, 해안방제에 관한 지방정부의 문제점을 찾아내어, 향후 발생가능한 대형 해양오염사고의 해안방제 대비에 필요한 사항을 중심으로 단계별 대응체제 구축, 교육훈련 강화, 인적 네트워크 활성화, 방제자원 확보근거 마련, 전담부서 신설 등 지방정부의 해안방제능력 개선방안을 제시하였다. 그러나 아직까지 지방정부의 해안방제관리능력에 관한 연구가 일천한 상황에서 본 연구는 시험적 연구라고 판단되며, 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 시험적 연구로서 다음의 후속 연구에 큰 도움이 되었으면 한다.

해양 IT시스템용 적응형 모니터링 센서의 개발 및 성능 평가 (The Development and Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Monitoring sensor for the Marine IT System)

  • 조정환;노희정
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.90-95
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    • 2015
  • This paper proposes the new adaptive gain control monitoring sensor for the marine IT system. The marine IT system sensors make it possible to conduct search missions, record climate changes, provide pollution control, study marine life, conduct survey missions, tactical surveillance, and predict natural disturbances in the ocean. In this paper, the adaptive gain control circuit which changes its parameters according to the ambient noise situation for obtaining the precise location information of marine IT system sensor is developed and analyzed. The performance characteristics for ensuring the precise location information of marine system sensor is presented and analyzed. The theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out. The presented results from the above investigation show considerably excellent performance for the monitoring of the marine system.

액체화물특화 항만의 해양환경사고 안전항만 구축방안 연구 -사고 시나리오 및 위험도 분석을 중심으로- (Establishment Strategics for Making a Port Specialized in Liquid Cargoes Safer - Focusing on Accident Scenario and Risk Analysis -)

  • 정원조;임상섭;박남기
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 국내 액체화물량이 가장 많은 울산항에서 발생한 해양사고 통계자료를 토대로 해양사고 위험도와 취약성을 분석했다. 울산항에서 발생된 해양사고 발생 위험성, 환경피해도, 환경오염사고 취약성에서 상당히 취약한 것으로 드러났으며 분석결과를 바탕으로 향후 울산항에서 발생할 가능성이 높은 해상사고 시나리오와 사고대응전략을 마련하였다. 또한 울산항에서 발생한 대형 해양오염 사고에 대비하기 위한 대응전략으로서 제어장비와 기반인프라를 구축하고 제어센터를 설립하여 해양사고안전 기능을 통합하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다. 특히, 울산항과 같이 액체화물특화 항만의 경우 물동량의 규모나 해양오염사고의 빈도를 볼 때, 안전관리 상설기관의 유치가 절실하며 안전항만을 구축하는데 필수적으로 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

동북아 해역 권원중첩수역 공동개발합의와 공동환경보호합의 도출 방안 (A Study on the Ways to Joint Marine Development and Joint Marine Environmental Protection in Northeast Asia)

  • 김기순
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권37호
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    • pp.193-241
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    • 2015
  • China, Japan and Korea are the world's top 10 energy consumers, and so very interested in the development of seabed hydrocarbon resources in order to meet their energy demands. The East China Sea is the tri-junction area where three countries' entitlements on the maritime boundaries are overlapped. There are abundant oil reserves in the East China Sea, and therefore competitions among countries are growing to get control of them. Although these countries have concluded the bilateral agreements to jointly develop resources in the East China Sea, they do not function as well. Because joint development and management of seabed petroleum resources can lead to stable development system, and to lower possibility of legal and political disputes, the needs for joint development agreement among three countries are urgent. Meanwhile, Northeast Asian seas are semi-closed seas, which are geographically closed and vulnerable to marine pollution. Moreover there are a lot of nuclear power plants in coastal area, and seabed petroleum resources are being developed. So it is likely to occur nuclear and oil spill accidents. Fukushima nuclear disaster and Bohai Bay oil spill accident in 2011 are the cases to exhibit the potential of major marine pollution accidents in this area. It is anticipated that the risks become higher because power plants and offshore oil platforms are extending gradually. Therefore, the ways to seek the joint marine environmental protection agreement focused on regulation of nuclear power plant and offshore oil platform have to be considered. In this paper, we try to find the way to make joint development and joint environmental protection agreement in Northeast Asian seas. We concentrate on the measure to drive joint development of seabed petroleum deposits in East China Sea's overlap area, despite of maritime delimitation and territorial disputes, and we try to drive joint marine environmental protection system to respond to marine pollution and accidents due to offshore oil platform and nuclear power plants. Through these consideration, we seek solutions to deal with lack of energy, disputes of maritime territorial and boundary delimitation, and marine pollution in Northeast Asia.

Occurrence Characteristics of Marine Accidents Caused by Typhoons around Korean Peninsula

  • Yang Han Su;Kim Yeon Gyu
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2005
  • During the period of every summer to early autumn seasons, ships have been wrecked or grounded from effect of a typhoon in the water areas around Korean Peninsula Typhoon Rusa killed more than 100 people in September 2002. Super Typhoon Maemi passed southeast of South Korea in September 12-13, 2003, with a strong gale blowing at a record 60 m/s and caused much ship groundings, collisions and sinkings over 3000 in dockyards, harbors and places of refuge. These are things that could have been prevented had there merely been prior warning. This study outlines the occurrence characteristics of maritime accidents caused by a typhoon in South Korea for the period from 1962 to 2002. The distribution of the accident records is also compared with the trajectories, winds, central pressures of typhoons, passed during the 1990-2003. It is shown that attack frequency of typhoon and number of marine accidents is the highest in August and the marine accidents due to typhoon have a close relation to the distribution of accumulated wind and pressure fields.

국제법상 동북아해저환경보존에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Marine Environmental Protection of Northeast Asian Seas in International Law)

  • 이윤철
    • 한국항해학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.77-97
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    • 1995
  • The protection of the marine environment is one of the main international legal problems in recent years. In parallel with the industrial development, a great quantity of chemical materials were used and in consequence, mass transportation of oil and other dangerous materials was required on the one hand, and discharge of industrial wasters drew also the attention on the other hand. Furthermore, oil tankers accidents, mass use of nuclear materials, sea-bed exploration and exploitation stimulated further deep human concern on the marine environment. The expansion of international concern to new and more dangerous sources of marine pollution regarded more strict and legal control on the Oil Tanker(DWT 95, 000tons, Cb=0.805) model. Calculation results are compared to the international, especially regional level. In particular, this study is concerned with the preservation of the Northeast Asian Seas surrounded by Japan, the Russian Far East, South Korea, North Korea, China and Taiwan. These adjacent countries must intensify cooperation regarding the prevention, reduction and control of the contamination of the sea. And this cooperation between the States concerned should, as much as possible, be aimed at maximizing the effectiveness of measures to prevent or abate transboundary environmental pollution. To achieve this purpose, States concerned should be imposed upon duties such as duty to assess the environmental impact, duty to inform, duty to consult and duty to assist on the basis of general principle of international law, international customary law and other various resolutions of international bodies. Depending on the nature and extent of actual or potential transboundary pollution with the use of a natural resource or the environment in general the establishment of some form of institutionalized cooperation between the States concerned may become useful or indispensable. The functions of this Organization are, inter alia, to keep the implementation of the Convention and the protocals under continuous observation, to make recommendations on regional or sub-regional rules and standards to be elaborated and on measures to be taken by the Contracting Parties, to be notified of any grave and imminent danger from pollution or threat of pollution by the Contracting Parties and to promote in close cooperation with appropriate governmental bodies additional measures to protect the marine environment of the Northeast Asian Seas, and so on. Above mentioned countries, first of all, are located within the Northeast Asian Seas geographically and, therefore, take responsibilities of preserving the clean sea against marine interferences regardless of any difference of the social, political and economic systems. They must be followed under the UNCLOS and other marine conventions. Under the present circumstances, Northeast Asian Seas will become dead seas in case that there is no instant and prompt action against pollution. Hence we have an absolute obligation to promote the development of the mandatory international environmental law, which in turn can faciliate more effective implementation of the regional cooperation by the neighbouring states within this area.

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Some Universal Characteristics of Intertidal Bacterial Diversity as Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene-Based PCR Clone Analysis

  • Shuang, J.L.;Liu, C.H.;An, S.Q.;Xing, Y.;Zheng, G.Q.;Shen, Y.F.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권12호
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    • pp.1882-1889
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    • 2006
  • A 16S rDNA clone library was generated to investigate the bacterial diversity in intertidal sediment from the coast of the Yellow Sea, P. R. China. A total of 102 clones were sequenced and grouped into 73 OTUs using a phylogenetic approach. The sequenced clones fell into 11 bacterial lineages: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and candidate divisions of BRCl, OP3, and OP1l. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of these bacteria, together with the ten most closely related sequences deposited in the GenBank, it was concluded that intertidal bacteria are most likely derived from marine bacteria with a remarkable diversity, and some are particularly abundant in intertidal sediment.

Air Pollution Protection onboard by Seawater and Electrolyte

  • An Suk-Heon
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2006
  • This research makes a new attempt to apply the activated seawater by electrolysis in the development of two-stage wet scrubber system to control the exhaust gas of large marine diesel engines. First, with using only seawater that is naturally alkaline (pH typically around 8.1). the $SO_2\;and\;SO_3$ are absorbed by relatively high solubility compared to other components of exhaust pollutants, and PM (Particulate Matter) is removed through direct contact with sprayed seawater droplets. Besides, the electrolyzed alkaline seawater by electrolysis, which contains mainly NaOH together with alkali metal ions $(i.e.\;Na^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+})$, is used as the absorption medium of NOx and $CO_2$. Especially, to increase NOx absorption rate into the alkaline seawater. nitric oxide (NO) is adequately oxidized to nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ in the acidic seawater, which means both volume fractions are adjusted to identical proportion. The results found that the strong acidic seawater was a valid oxidizer from NO to $NO_2$ and the strong alkaline seawater was effective in $CO_2$ absorption In the scrubber test, the SOx reduction of nearly $100\%$ could be achieved and also led to a sufficientPM reduction. Hence, the author believes that applying seawater and its electrolyte would bring the marine air pollution control system to an economical measure. Additionally it is well known that NOx and SOx concentration has a considerable influence on the $N_2O$ emission of green house gas. Although the $N_2O$ concentration exhausted from diesel engines is not as high, the green house gas effect is around 300 times greater than an equivalent volume of $CO_2$. Therefore, we investigated the $N_2O$ removal efficiency with using the electrolyzed seawater too. Finally this research would also plan to treat the effluent by applying electro-dialysis and electro-flotation technique s in the future.