• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

Though stringent guidelines are in place to protect the harbor environment, pollution from ships, from the ports terminals. Discharge from the ballast tanks of ships, though illegal, does occur. Such vessels, arriving from distant ports of call, can introduce exotic species of plants and animals, causing disruption of the local food web. Discharges rich in nitrogen can generate the rapid growth of plankton, eventually leading to a condition known as red tide that is lethal to some coastal organisms. In addition to the harbor's negative effects on marine organisms, the diesel engines of the ships and the trucks that haul cargo to and from the ports release large volumes of diesel exhaust into the atmosphere. IMO(International Maritime Organization) is strongly proceeding with adoption of a new maritime environment convention and coming into effect for regulation enhancement about the pollutants which are happened in a ship recently. Study about the conventions that our country currently comes into effect, and there is during forwarding and correspondence must be performed effectively. In this paper, International convention on the control of harmful Anti-Fouling system on ship, Ballast water management, Prevention of air pollution from ships, treat a main pending problem in ocean related environmental regulation convention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.454-465
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• 2020

Fire simulations were performed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software to examine the vent flow and temperature in the engine room of a small ship. A diesel fire with a heat release rate of 10 kW was targeted, and the effects of the ceiling duct location, side vent existence and nonexistence, and side vent size were investigated. The existence or nonexistence of the side vent and its size considerably affected the smoke behavior, mass flow rate through the vent, and temperature. When the side vent was not installed or was small, the smoke layer reached the floor in the engine room. In addition, as the side vent size increased, the mass flow rate through the vent increased with decreasing temperature value. However, the effects of the ceiling duct location on the smoke behavior, mass flow rate through the vent, and temperature seemed to be relatively minor compared to those of the side vent size. Therefore, to improve the fire safety of the engine room in a small ship, the side vent size is considered to be a more important design factor than the ceiling duct location.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.836-847
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• 2016

Water soluble oil was obtained by pyrolysis of biomass. The characteristics of emulsified fuel by mixing water soluble oil and MDO(marine diesel oil) and engine emissions were studied with engine dynamometer. Saw dust was used as biomass. Water soluble oil was obtained by condensing of water and carbon content with pyrolysis of saw dust at $500^{\circ}C$. Emulsion fuel was obtained by emulsifying MDO and water soluble oil by the water soluble oil mixing ratio of 10 to 20% of MDO. Exhaust gas detection was performed with engine dynamometer. While combustion, micro-explosion took place in the combustion chamber by water in the emulsion fuel, emulsion fuel scattered to micro particles and it caused to smoke reduction. The heat produced from water vapour reduce the temperature of internal combustion chamber and it caused to inhibition of NOx production. It can be verified by the lower exhaust temperature of each ND-13 mode using emulsion fuel than that of MDO fuel. The NOx and smoke concentration were reduced by increasing water soluble oil content in the emulsion fuel. The power also decreased according to the increment of water soluble oil content of emulsion fuel because emulsion fuel has low calorific value due to high water content than MDO. As a result of ND-13 mode test with 20% bio oil content, it was achieved 25% reduction in NOx production, 60% reduction in smoke density, and 15% reduction in power loss.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2009

The shipbuilder's requirement for a higher power output rating has led to the development of a super large two stroke low speed diesel engines. Usually a large-sized bore engine ranging from $8{\sim}14$ cylinders, this engine group is capable of delivering power output of more than 100,000 bhp at maximum continuous rating(mcr). Other positive aspects of this engine type include higher thermal efficiency, reliability, durability and mobility. This plays a vital role in meeting the propulsion requirement of vessels, specifically for large container ships, of which speed is a primary concern to become more competitive. Consequently, this also resulted in the modification of engine parameters and new component designs to meet the consequential higher mean effective pressure and higher maximum combustion pressure. Even though the fundamental excitation mechanisms unchanged, torsional vibration stresses in the propulsion shafting are subsequently perceived to be higher. As such, one important viewpoint in the initial engine design is the resulting vibration characteristic expected to prevail on the propulsion shafting system(PSS). This paper investigated the torsional vibration characteristics of these super large engines. For the two node torsional vibration with a nodal point on the crankshaft, a tuning damper is necessary to reduce the torsional stresses on the crankshaft. Hence, the tuning torsional vibration damper design and compatibility to the shafting system was similarly reviewed and analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.549-557
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• 2017

Numerical studies have been carried out on scrubbers, which are after-treatment devices to satisfy strengthened emission regulations for sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. We investigated the problems with existing scrubbers through numerical analysis and designed and analyzed a new swirl-type scrubber that could solve these problems. As a result, with the swirl-type scrubber, exhaust gas formed a vortex in the lower part of the device, and some of this gas was released along the guide vane through the bottom surface. In this case, the pressure gradient in the vertical direction was not large, but a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the baffle was generated. The shape of the exhaust gas stream was investigated, and when water was not sprayed, the exhaust gas flowed constantly to the outlet along the guide vane, in contrast to when water was sprayed. It was confirmed that the shape of the flow was influenced by the guide vane, nozzle arrangement and water pressure. In the case of the swirl-type scrubber, impact on engine back-pressure was minimal, because differential pressure at the inlet and outlet was less than half of that with a conventional scrubber.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.542-547
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• 2015

Since the oil price has been significantly jumped for several years, a heavy oil of low quality has been mainly used in the diesel engine of the merchant ship. Thus, a combustion chamber of the engine has been often exposed to severely corrosive environment more and more because temperature of the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber has been getting higher and higher with increasing of using the heavy oil of low quality. As a result, wear and corrosion of the engine parts such as exhaust valve, piston crown and cylinder head surrounded with combustion chamber are more serious compared to the other parts of the engine. Therefore, an optimum repair welding for these engine parts is very important to prolong their lifetime in a economical point of view. In this study, Inconel 625 filler metal were welded with GTAW method in the cast steel which would be generally used with piston crown material. And the corrosion properties of weld metal, heat affected and base metal zones were investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and impedance etc. in 35% $H_2SO_4$ solution. The weld metal and base metal zones exhibited the highest and lowest values of hardness respectively. Furthermore, the corrosion current density of the weld metal zone revealed the lowest value, having the highest value of hardness. The corrosive products with red color and local corrosion like as a pitting corrosion were considerably observed at the base metal zone, while these morphologies were not wholly observed in the weld metal zone. In particular, the polarization characteristics such as impedance, polarization curve and cyclic voltammogran associated with corrosion resistance property were well in good agreement with each other. Consequently, it is suggested that the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of the piston crown can be predominantly improved by repair welding method using the Inconel 625 electrode.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2000

The studies on the electronic control fuel injection system for a DI diesel engine have done for reducing the exhaust emission and improving fuel consumption. The electronic control fuel injection system is classified into a common rail system, a unit injector system and a high pressure injection system. The characteristics of these systems are largely depends on the operating characteristics of its solenoid that have high speed on-off operation. In order to improve these characteristics of fuel injection system, it is necessary to design the optimal shape of solenoid and select the input method of its power source. It was proposed HELENOID, COLENOID, DISOLE, and Multipole Solenoid in the studies of design for the optimal shape of solenoid. The studies on the energizing method, input method for power of solenoid were dealt with the conventional energizing method, the chopping method and the pre-energizing method. In order to find out the high response characteristics of solenoid, it is necessary to test the performance of optimally designed solenoid with a new energizing method. In this paper, the solenoid of multi-pole type with plat armature and its power control unit to control input current by the chopping method designed, and its response tests were performed according to its energizing conditions. As a result, the maximum input current for solenoid was controlled by the period of first stage exciting current and chopping duty ratio of control stage exciting current, and the fastest "on" time was able to get 0.46ms. The conditions of fastest "on" time was 0.3ms for first stage exciting current, 0.16ms for control exciting current and 75% for chopping duty ratio.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1997

전 세계의 대형 저속 디젤 엔진을 설계.제작하는 회사는 1980년대에 들어오면서 MAN - B&W, SULZER, MITSUBISHI의 3파전 양상을 띠고 있으며, 세계 시장점유율에서는 MAN - B&W가 50%이상을 차지하고 있다. 한국은 현재 한국중공업, 현대중공업, 쌍용중공업 및 삼성중공업에서 대형 저속 디젤 엔진을 생산하고 있다. 국내에서 생산되고 있는 대형 저속 디젤 엔진은 대부분이 MAN - B&W형이고 SULZER형이 약 20%를 차지하고 있다. 기술력은 위의 3사에 거의 의존하고 있으며, 설계보다는 생산에 치중하고 있는 실정이다. 선박용 엔진 구조물은 베드 플레이드(bed plate), 실린더 프레임(cylinder frame), 프레임 박스(frame box)등이 주 스테이 볼트(long stay bolt)에 의하여 체결되어 한 개의 대형 수직 구조물을 이루고 있으며, 프레임 박스의 안내면(guide plate)과 베드 플레이트의 베어링 지지부(bearing support)등은 엔진의 폭발력과 선박의 추진력을 직접적으로 받으므로 구조적 결함과 하자 보수의 문제들이 발생하고 있다. 이와 같은 사용상 및 제작상의 제문제를 해결하기 위해서는 유한요소 구조 해석 능력을 자체 보유하여 구조 설계상의 문제점을 분석하고 엔진 구조물의 취약 부위를 집중 검토하여야하며, 이를 통해 선박의 운항 중에 일어날 수 있는 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 이러한 대형 엔진 구조물의 설계/해석 기술이 거의 없고 구조적 문제점이 발생할 경우에는 모든 사항을 설계사(licensor)에 전적으로 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 한편, 설계 기술을 보유하고 있는 MAN - B&W, NEW SULZER DIESEL사 등은 정밀 구조 해석을 통하여 기존 엔진 구조물에 대한 안전성 및 신뢰성을 높임과 동시에 신 모델 개발에 박차를 가하고 있으나, 기술 이전은 회피하고 있어 대형 엔진 구조물에 대한 구조 해석 기술의 개발이 시급하다고 할 수 있다. 본 해설에서는 CAD/CAE(Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Engineering)를 이용하여 위에서 제시된 대형 엔진 구조물의 구조해석 절차와 방법에 대해 간략히 설명하고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2011

Research and development of LP EGR system for the performance improvement and emission reduction on diesel engine is proceeding at a good pace. LP EGR system seems to be helpful method to further reduce$NO_x$ emissions while maintaining PM emissions at a low level because the boost pressure is unchanged while varying EGR rate. This study is experimentally conducted on a 2.0L common rail DI engine at the medium load condition (2000 rpm, BMEP 1.0 MPa, boost pressure 181.3 kPa) that difficult to use large amount of EGR gas because of deteriorations of performance and fuel consumption. And we investigated the characteristics of performance and fuel consumption while varying EGR systems. The overall results using LP EGR system equipped with ETC identified benefits on reduction of PM and improvement of fuel consumption and thermal efficiency while keep the $NO_x$ level compared to HP EGR and LP EGR with back pressure valve.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.52-66
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• 2003

Generally we have difficulty in removing oil using mechanical devices because recovery rate and recovery efficiency decrease remarkably when operating in thin oil films or in oils of very high viscosity In the Present study a series of experiments were carried out to study the effect of operating conditions on the rate of recovery for the spilled oil using a drum type skimmer. For each set of experiments depth of immersion, oil film thickness and the circumferential speeds were varied systematically to find the effects on the recovery rate. The results shows that recovery rate is dependent on the contact angle for the depth of immersion and the highest rate of oil recovery shows in the case of a contact angle of 45°(h/d=0.15). For the removal of spilled oil the optimal circumferential speed can be found as the critical value to reach the saturated recovery rate for a given oil film thickness and depth of immersion. Even in thin oil thickness we have enough recovery rate and recovery efficiency within critical circumferential speed this way.