• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2021

The demand for natural substances with anti-melanogenic activity is increasing due to the recent interest in skin whitening. Intensive investigation on the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SCO-736, a marine bacterium from the Antarctica coast, has led to the isolation of a new natural product named antaroide (1). The chemical structure was established through the interpretation of MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data. Antaroide is a nine-membered macrolide with lactone and lactam moieties. To investigate its applicability in skin whitening cosmetics, its anti-melanogenic activity in B16F10 murine melanoma cells was examined. As a result, antaroide displayed strong inhibitory activities against melanin synthesis and also attenuated the dendrite formation induced by the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Antaroide suppressed the mRNA expression of the melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2. This suggests that it may serve as a transcriptional regulator of melanogenesis. Collectively, the discovery of this novel natural nine-membered macrolide and its anti-melanogenic activity could give new insights for the development of skin whitening agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1862-1867
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• 2008

Streptochlorin is a small molecule isolated from marine Streptomyces sp. that is known to have antiangiogenic and anticancer properties. In this study, we examined the effects of this compound on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic tumor cell death, using a human hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cell line. The results of this study demonstrated that streptochlorin mediates ROS production, and that this mediation is followed by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ${\Delta}{\Psi}_m$), activation of caspase-3, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine administration, a scavenger of ROS, reversed the streptochlorin-induced apoptosis effects via inhibition of ROS production, MMP collapse, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. These observations clearly indicate that ROS are involved in the early molecular events in the streptochlorin-induced apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our data imply that streptochlorin-induced ROS is a key mediator of MMP collapse, which leads to the caspase-3 activation, culminating in apoptosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1425-1428
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• 2015

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is found in most cell types and catalyzes the oxidation of monoamines. Three anithiactins (A-C, modified 2-phenylthiazoles) isolated from Streptomyces sp. were tested for inhibitory activity of two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B. Anithiactin A was effective and selective for the inhibition of MAO-A, with an IC₅₀ value of 13.0 μM; however, it was not effective for the inhibition of MAO-B. Anithiactins B and C were weaker inhibitors for MAO-A and MAO-B. Anithiactin A was a reversible and competitive inhibitor for MAO-A with a K_i value of 1.84 μM. The hydrophobic methyl substituent in anithiactin A may play an important role in the inhibition of MAO-A. It is suggested that anithiactin A is a selective reversible inhibitor for MAO-A, with moderate potency, and can be considered a new potential lead compound for further development of novel reversible inhibitors for MAO-A.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.516-522
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• 1998

검정해면 (Halichondlia okadai)에 공생하는 것으로 추정되는 항균성을 가진 방선균주를 분리하여 SEM, 형태학적, 화학 분류학적 방법에 의하여 균주를 동정하였으며, 이 균주를 marin broth 2216 배지에서 대량 b배양하여 균사체로부터 항균물질을 각종 HPLC에 의하여 분리하고 X선 결정 구조 해석. MS, NMR spectrum에 의하여 구조를 확인하였다. ISP 2 배지에서 $30^{\circ}C$, 7일간 배양 결과, 기질균사는 갈색을 띄었고 그 위로 ivory색의 기중균사를 형성하였다. spore chain은 flexibilis로서 10개 이상의 oval 형의 포자가 사슬을 형성하고 있었으며 표면은 smooth하였다. 한편. 화학적 특성으로는 L-form의 DAP를 가지며 특징적인 당이 없는 cell wall type I 이었고. 인지질은 PII형 이었으며, 주요 지방산은 iso-14 : 0, anteiso-15 : 0, iso-16 : 0, 16 : 0 및 iso-17:0 이었다. 이들 결과와 Bergey's Manual에 의해 이 균주는 Strptomyces sp.로 동정하였다. 대량 배양한 동결 건조 균체 70g으로 부터 10mg의 연한 노란색의 항균 물질을 분리 정제하였다. 질량 분석에서 이 물질의 분자량은 466으로 확인되었고, 이를 benzene-acetone 용매중에서 결정화하여 X선 결정 구조 해석을 행한 결과 indolo[2,3-a]carbazole alkaloid의 staurosporine 으로 판명되었으며 proton 및 carbon NMR data도 이와 잘 일치하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1998

In the course of screening for new antitumor substances, a novel cytotoxic agent inducing apoptotic cell death was isolated from the culture broth of marine bacterial strain SCRC A-20. Strain SCRC A-20 was separated from a mollusk and was chemotaxonomically identified as a Streptomyces sp. The cytotoxic substance was purified by organic solvent extraction followed by silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. HRFAB-MS determined its molecular formula to be $C_{30}H_{40}N_2O_5$ (MW 508). The 1D and 2D NMR spectral data demonstrated that the substance has a novel lactam structure of a 20-membered macrocycle coupled with a unique acyl tetramine and bicyclo［3.3.0］ octane, which includes three methyl groups, six olefinic protons, five carbonyl groups, a conjugated diene and a dienone. The substance, named aburatubolactam C, appeared to be cytotoxic for various continuously proliferating tumor cells of human and murine origins. The $IC_{50}$ values determined by MIT assay were in the range of 0.3 to $5.8\mug/ml$. When Jurkat T cells were treated with $3\mug/ml$. of aburatubolactam C, the apoptotic DNA fragmentation was detectable within 3 h, indicating that the cytotoxic effect of aburatubolactam C on tumor cells is attributable to the induced apoptosis.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.109-111
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• 2010

다환 방향족 탄화수소(PAH; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)는 발암성, 돌연변이 유발성, 유전독성을 지니기 때문에 인체위해성이 큰 물질로 알려져 있다. 기존 PAH 분해 미생물 탐색 방법중 독성이 강한 유기용매에 PAH를 용해시켜 미생물에 직접 분무하는 분무법, 미생물과 직접 혼합하는 한천중층법은 미생물 생장에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 특히 많이 쓰이는 분무법의 경우 분무되는 PAH의 양을 조절하기가 어렵고 멸균상태를 유지하기가 힘들다는 단점이 있다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 단점을 보완한 방법으로 승화법(Alley, Jeremy F. and Lewis R. Brown. 2000. Use of sublimation to prepare solid microbial media with water-insoluble substrates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 439-442)을 도입하여 적용하였다. 그 결과 상용휘발유 및 태안유류유출지 시료로부터 분리한 350분리균주 중에서 7균주가 단일 PAH 또는 복수의 PAH 분해에 관여했다. 특히 Corynebacterium sp. SK20, Rhodococcus sp. TA24, Streptomyces sp. TA27은 시험한 pyene, phenanthrene, naphthalene에, Gordonia sp. H37는 pyrene, naphthalene에, Arthrobacter sp. S49는, naphthalene, phenanthrene에 활성이 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.835-842
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• 2014

Haloperoxidase (HPO, E.C.1.11.1.7) is a metal-containing enzyme oxidizing halonium species, which can be used in the synthesis of halogenated organic compounds, for instance in the production of antimicrobial agents, cosmetics, etc., in the presence of halides and $H_2O_2$. To isolate and evaluate a novel non-metal HPO using a culture-independent method, a cassette PCR library was constructed from marine seawater in Japan. We first isolated a novel HPO gene from Pseudomonas putida ATCC11172 by PCR for constructing the chimeric HPO library (HPO11172). HPO11172 showed each single open-reading frame of 828 base pairs coding for 276 amino acids, respectively, and showed 87% similarity with P. putida IF-3 sequences. Approximately 600 transformants screened for chimeric genes between P. putida ATCC11173 and HPO central fragments were able to identify 113 active clones. Among them, we finally isolated 20 novel HPO genes. Sequence analyses of the obtained 20 clones showed higher homology genes with P. putida or Sinorhizobium or Streptomyces strains. Although the HPO A9 clone showed the lowest homology with HPO11172, clones in group B, including CS19, showed a relatively higher homology of 80%, with 70% identy. E. coli cells expressing these HPO chimeric genes were able to successfully bioconvert chlorodimedone with KBr or KCl as substrate.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.136-149
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• 2023

우리나라 여러 해양환경 지역으로부터 확보한 370주의 해양세균, 균류, 미세조류로부터 기초생리활성(항산화, 항염, 항균, 항암, 항바이러스)을 조사하여 채집지, 분리원, 종(種) 수준에서의 활성결과를 비교하였다. 해양세균의 경우, 일반적으로 유용성이 많이 알려진 Streptomyces 속과 Bacillus 속에 속하는 균주들이 두드러진 강한 효능이 관찰되었고, 주로 해양퇴적물로부터 유용한 자원을 분리할 수 있었다. 해양균류와 미세조류의 경우에도 종 특이적으로 활성이 강하게 나타나는 결과를 확인할 수 있었고, 효능 특이적으로 활성을 보이는 결과도 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 추후 특정질병에 선택적으로 효능을 보이는 화학물질 연구 또는 자원 기반 연구 수행 시 유용성을 전제로 한 자원 확보 전략 수립과 산업 활성화를 위한 전략소재로 우선적 접근이 용이할 수 있는 연구결과라 생각된다. 또한, 이들 결과를 해양바이오 뱅크를 통한 분양소재로 활용함으로써 학계, 산업계에서 활용하여 해양바이오산업 활성화에 좀 더 빠른 접근을 도울 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2010

제주도 연안해역 4개 지역(한림, 애월, 신촌, 함덕) 해수의 온도, 염분농도, 용존산소량(DO), 화학적 산소요구량(COD), 부유물질(SS), 암모니아성 질소($NH_3-N$), 질산성 질소($NO_3-N$) 및 아질산성 질소($NO_2-N$)와 같이 다양한 이화학적 특성을 확인하였다. 해수의 평균 온도는 $26.23{\sim}28.6^{\circ}C$, 염분농도는 31.4~32.88‰, pH는 8.15~8.35, COD는 0.48~0.91 mg $L^{-1}$, DO는 6.78~6.87 mg $L^{-1}$로 나타났다. 해수에서 분리된 해양방선균은 총 52종으로 제주시 동부지역(A, B)에서는 24균주, 서부지역(C, D)은 28균주가 분리되었다. 분리된 해양방선균은 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 이용하여 최종적으로 동정되었으며, 염기서열 정보를 기초로하여 유사도(similarity)를 조사하였다. 분리된 방선균의 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통하여 계통 분류학적으로 어떤 division에 속하는지를 확인하여 본 결과 제주도 제주시 동부지역(Site A, B) 해양에서 분리된 방선균 24균주는 Gram positive bacteria (division)/Actinobacteria (class)/Actinomycetales (order)/Streptomy-cineae (suborder)/Streptomycataceae (family)/Streptomyces(genus)에 22 균주, Actinomycetales (order)/Streptosporangineae (suborder)/Nocardiopsaceae (family)/Nocardiopsis (genus)에 2 균주가 분리되었다. 제주시 서부지역(Site C, D) 해양에서 분리된 방선균 28균주는 Gram positive bacteria (division)/Actinobacteria (class)/Actinomycetales (order)/Streptomycineae (suborder)/Streptomycataceae (family)/Streptomyces (genus)에 27균주, Actinomycetales (order)/Streptosporangineae (suborder)/Nocardiopsaceae (family)/Nocardiopsis (genus)에 1균주가 분리되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1912-1918
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• 2006

Marine bacterium Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 simultaneously produced red antibiotic prodigiosin and undecylprodiginine. A complete set of the prodigiosin biosynthetic gene cluster has been cloned, sequenced, and successfully expressed in a heterologous host. Sequence analysis of the gene cluster revealed 14 ORFs showing high similarity to pig and red genes from Serratia spp. and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), respectively, and the gene organization was almost: similar to that of pig genes. These genes were named hap for Hahella prodigiosin, and determined to be transcribed as a single operon, by RT-PCR experiment. Based on the hap gene mutagenesis experiments and comparative analysis with pig and red genes, we propose a prodigiosin-biosynthetic pathway in KCTC 2396.