• 환경생물
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

유기주석화합물은 농업과 산업분야에서 많이 쓰이고, 이들은 수계환경으로 유입되어 물이나 저질 중의 세균들에 의해 분해되어 최종적으로는 무기주석으로 된다. Trialkyltin 화합물이 해양생물에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 많은 연구가 있지만, 해양생태계에서 기초적인 생산을 담당하는 플랑크톤류에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 TBT와 TPT의 분해물인 DBT, MBT, DPT, MPT를 비롯하여 trimethyltin(TMT)과 그분해물인 dimethyltin (DMT)이 기수산 rotifer의 생존에 미치는 독성(96hr-$LC_{50}$)을 조사.비교하였다. 그 결과, DPT(13.8ppb)가 가장 강했으며 TMT(42.9), DBT(80.6), MPT(262.2), MBT와 DMT(>1,000)의 순으로 나타났다. 즉, trialkyltin과 dialkyltin에서는 페닐주석, 부칠주석, 메칠주석의 순으로 독성이 약해지며, mo-noalkyltin에서도 페닐주석화합물이 메칠주석화합물에 비해 독성이 강하다는 것을 확인할 수가 있었다. 이렇듯 독성이 서로 다른 것은 유기주석화합물의 소수성(lipo-philicity)과도 높은 상관이 있었다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2012

Plecoglossus altivelis (ayu) is an amphidromous fish widely distributed in Northeastern Asia from the East China Sea to the northern Japanese coastal waters, encompassing the Korean Peninsula within its range. The shore lines of northeastern region in Asia have severely fluctuated following glaciations in the Quaternary. In the present study, we investigate the population genetic structure and historical demographic change of P. altivelis at a population level in East Asia. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on 244 mitochondrial control region DNA sequences clearly showed that as the sampling scope extended to a larger geographic area, genetic differentiation began to become significant, particularly among Northeastern populations. A series of hierarchical AMOVA could detect the genetic relationship of three closely located islands between Korea and Japan that might have been tightly connected by the regional Tsushima current. Neutrality and mismatch distribution analyses revealed a strong signature of a recent population expansion of P. altivelis in East Asia, estimated at 126 to 391 thousand years ago during the late Pleistocene. Therefore it suggests that the present population of P. altivelis traces back to its approximate demographic change long before the last glacial maximum. This contrasts our a priori expectation that the most recent glacial event might have the most crucial effect on the present day demography of marine organisms through bottleneck and subsequent increase of effective population size in this region.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

우리나라 남해안에서 플라스틱 붕장어 통발을 사용하는 통발어선이 연간 유실하는 통발의 개수는 통상 조업시 시용하는 통발의 2~4배인 것으로 나 타났다. 이러한 통발의 유실은 보통 조업중에 발생되므로 어구의 유실과 함께 어획물의 손실도 발생하게 된다. 어획불과 미끼가 들어있는 유실된 통발 은 붕장어뿐만 아니라 다른 해양 생물을 유인하여 어획할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 유실된 붕장어 통발에는 어류, 갑각류, 두족류 등이 들어있었고, 이들 가운데는 붕장어의 먹이가 되는 베도라치, 청보리멸, 양태, 붉은메기와 새우류 등이 어획되어 있었다. 따라서 조업시 어획된 붕장어 이외에도 붕장어가 이들 통발 속에 들어있는 어획물을 섭이하기 위해 통발에 들어가므로서 추가적인 Ghost fishing의 가능성은 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.669-674
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• 2017

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are produced by marine dinoflagellate phytoplankton Alexandrium spp. and Gymnodinium spp. These toxins accumulate in filter feeding organisms such as bivalves and the ingestion of contaminated shellfish can cause illness in humans. The mouse bioassay (MBA) has been the preferred PST testing method worldwide for more than 50 years. However, this assay has several disadvantages, such as detection limits, non-toxic-profiles, and the ethical issues of using animals. The aim of this study was to establish an alternative to the MBA method for testing for PSTs. We optimized the analysis conditions of a post-column oxidation-high performance liquid chromatography (PCOX-HPLC) method and the Scotia Rapid Test Kit, and then compared the accuracy of these methods to the MBA method. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between the PCOX-HPLC method and the MBA, although the PCOX-HPLC method required expensive equipment and standard material, and was time consuming. The Scotia Rapid Test Kit promises to be a useful tool, as it provided rapid and qualitative results, although the method sometimes gave a false positive result that could not be explained by toxin profiles.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2010

항균제 및 자외선 차단물질, 유기인계 난연제 등과 같은 personal care products는 개인이 일상생활에서 광범위하게 사용하는 비누, 화장품, 치약 등에 포함된 합성유기화합물로 하 폐수 처리시설에서 완벽하게 제거되지 않고 생활하수에 포함된 상당수의 양이 환경 중으로 배출되고 있다. 외국사례의 경우 하천, 해양, 토양, 저질, 생물상 등 다양한 환경매체에서 검출되고 있으며, 잔류성 생물농축성이 있어 지속적으로 노출시 생태계 및 인간의 건강에 심각한 영향을 끼칠 우려가 있다. 본 연구에서는 수질환경시료 중 15종의 personal care products를 액-액추출하여 GC/MS로 분석하였으며, 방법검출한계는 $0.004\sim0.273\;{\mu}g/L$의 범위를 나타내었다. 하천수에서는 TCEP, TCPP 등 2종이 검출되었으며, 하수처리장 시료에서는 triclosan, 4-MBC, EHMC, BP-3, TCEP, TPP, TBEP 등 7종이 검출되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 톳 양식에서 pH 및 염분농도의 조절에 의한, 환경친화적인 해적생물 구제 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 톳의 내성범위를 구하고, 친환경적인 해적생물 구제법을 확립하고자 하였다. 톳에는 생리적 영향을 미치지 않는 친환경적인 해적동물 구제법으로서, pH 4 이하 조건과 pH 10 이상의 조건, 염분농도 10 psu 이하의 조건 및 44 psu 조건에서 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2005

These experiments investigated the conditioning pattern and the nitrification efficiency of a fluidized sand biofilter (FSB) for seawater application. The FSB fed artificial nutrient was fully conditioned within 22 weeks. The maximum nitrification efficiency of the FSB was achieved at a superficial water velocity (SWV) of 1.0 cm/sec. After fixing the superficial water velocity at 1.0 cm/sec, the nitrification rates of the FSB were assessed at 3 total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) loading rates (250, 500, 1,000 g TAN/$m^3$/day) and 3 water temperatures (12, 16, $20^{\circ}C$). The TAN concentration in the simulated culture tank ranged from 2.87 to 9.72 mg/L at TAN loading rate of 1,000 g TAN/$m^3$/day, while that ranged from 0.45 to 1.26 mg/L at TAN loading rate of 500 g TAN/$m^3$/day. The ranges of TAN concentration in the former were too high for aquatic organisms and those in the latter were acceptable. Therefore, the safe TAN loading rate for the FSB in seawater conditions was decided as 500 g TA/$m^3$/day. From these results, daily TAN removal rates (g TAN/$m^3$/day) of FSB under conditions of inlet TAN concentration (C, mg/L) and water temperature (T, $^{\circ}C$) were calculated by the following non-linear multi-regression equation: TAN removal rate: f(z)=-1,311.295+655.714LnT+225.775LnC ($r^2=0.962$).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1226-1232
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• 2004

Extracts from seventeen seaweeds were determined for tyrosinase inhibitory activity using mushroom tyrosinase with L-tyrosine as a substrate. Only one of them, Ecklonia stolonifera OKAMURA (Laminariaceae) belonging to brown algae, showed high tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction from the methanolic extract of E. stolonifera, led us to the isolation of phloroglucinol derivatives [phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5)]. Compounds 1~5 were found to inhibit the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with $IC_{50}$ values of 92.8, 126, 33.2, 177, and 2.16 ${\mu}g$ /mL, respectively. It was compared with those of kojic acid and arbutin, well-known tyrosinase inhibitors, with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.32 and 112 ${\mu}g$ / mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics analyzed from Lineweaver-Burk plots, showed compounds 1 and 2 to be competitive inhibitors with $K_i$ of $2.3{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;3.1{times}10^{-4}$ M, and compounds 3~5 to be noncompetitive inhibitors with $K_i$ of $1.9{\times}10^{-5},\;1.4{\times}10^{-3}\;and\;1.5{\times}10^{-5}$ M, respectively. This work showed that phloroglucinol derivatives, natural compounds found in brown algae, could be involved in the control of pigmentation in plants and other organisms through inhibition of tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as a substrate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2007

Oil spill caused severe effects on the marine fauna and flora due to direct contact of organisms with the oil and even in regions not directly affected by the spill. This study was conducted to understand the effects of the oil spill accidents and the use of dispersant on the red tide of Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Crude oil produced in Kuwait, bunker-C, kerosene and diesel oil, and a chemical dispersant produced in Korea, were added with a series of 10 ppb to 100 ppm in the f/2-Si medium at $20^{\circ}C$ under a photon flux from cool white fluorescent tubes of $100\;mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ in a 14: 10 h L:D cycle for the culture of C. polykrikoides. In low concentrations of ${\leq}$ 1 ppm of examined oils no impact on the growth of C. polykrikoides was recorded, while in high concentration of ${\geq}$ 10 ppm, cell density was significantly decreased with the range of 10 to 80% in comparison with the control. The growth of C. polykrikoides after the addition of the dispersant and the mixtures combined with oils and a dispersant of ${\geq}$ 10 ppm appeared to decrease, whereas the growth of C. polykrikoides exposed to ${\leq}$ 100 ppb showed little serious impact. However, almost all the C. polykrikoides cells were died regardless of a dispersant and combined mixtures within a few days after the addition of high concentrations.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The genus Dendronephthya, generally known as soft corals, is reported as an abundant and variable taxon. They mostly distribute in warmer waters of the Undo-Pacific Ocean region including Korea. In spite of their abundance and ecological importance as habitats of marine organisms, there are difficulties in the study of their identification and systematics because they have morphological variabilities and limited taxonomec characters. To resolve the problems, we attempted to elucidate the genetic relationships in the genus Dendronephthya by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. This study was based on eight dendronephthian species and one Alcyoniidae species, Alcyonium gracillimum, as an outgroup. The results from all analysis suggest that they could be classified into four groups by the growth form and the anthocodial grades as follows: the first one,D. putteri and D. suensoni with the divaricate form and VI grade; the second one,D. sp.1 and D. sp.2 with the divaricate form and III or IV grade; the third one, D. gigantea and D. aurea being closer than D. spinifera with the glomerate form and III grade; the last one, D. castanea related to D. gigantea rather than D. putteri with the umbellate form and IV grade. Moreover, the divaricate form was separated from the group of the glomerate and umbellate form. At the intraspecies level, the types of the D. castanea, D. gigantea and D. spinifera were separated depending on the feature of spicules in the polyp head, and the coloration could not influence genetic variation. From this study, we can confirm that their morphological characters are compatible with the genetic variation, also RAPD analysis is a very useful method for resolving the systematic relationships of den-deonephthians.