• Title/Summary/Keyword: Marine Microorganism

Search Result 102, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria tenuissima on Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) in Korea

  • Wee, Jung-In;Park, Jong-Han;Back, Chang-Gi;You, Young-Hyun;Chang, Taehyun
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.187-190
    • /
    • 2016
  • In July 2015, diseased leaves of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) were observed in Danyang and Gochang, Korea. The symptoms appeared as circular or irregular brown leaf spots, from which Alternaria tenuissima was isolated. The isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar, and their morphological characteristics were observed under a light microscope. The colonies were whitish to ash colored. The pathogenicity test on healthy black chokeberry leaves produced circular brown spots, in line with the original symptoms. Molecular analyses of the ITS, GPD, RPB2, and TEF genes were conducted to confirm the identity of the pathogen. The phylogeny of the multi-gene sequences indicated that the causal agent was A. tenuissima. This study is the first report of A. tenuissima leaf spot on black chokeberry (A. melanocarpa).

Development of Microbe Carrier for Bioremediation of Zn, As by using Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans and Zeolite in Artificial Sea Water (Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans과 제올라이트를 이용한 해양 내의 Zn, As 제거용 미생물 담체 개발)

  • Kim, In Hwa;Choi, Jin-Ha;Joo, Jeong Ock;Oh, Byung-Keun
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.30 no.3
    • /
    • pp.114-118
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this study, we have developed a microbe-carrier that combined Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and zeolite for removal of Zn and As in contaminated seawater. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, one of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) microorganism was exhibited stable growth characteristics in highly salted water and strong resistance to Zn and As contaminated seawater. Moreover, zeolites are one of the most useful carrier to remove heavy metals from wastewaters. The results showed that SRB immobilized zeolite carrier can enhance removal ratio of Zn and As. In addition, heavy metals tended to be better removed in medium at conditions of $37^{\circ}C$. In case of heavy metal concentration, they were effectively removed ranging from 50 to 100 ppm. These results show that SRB-zeolite carriers hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater in marine environment.

Species-Specific Duplex PCR for Detecting the Important Fish Pathogens Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda

  • Jo, Geon-A;Kwon, Sae-Bom;Kim, Na-Kyeong;Hossain, Muhammad Tofazzal;Kim, Yu-Ri;Kim, Eun-Young;Kong, In-Soo
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.16 no.4
    • /
    • pp.273-277
    • /
    • 2013
  • Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum and edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda are septicemic diseases of many commercially important freshwater and marine fishes, and threaten the aquaculture industry in Korea. Early diagnosis and accurate identification of these two bacterial species could help to prevent these diseases and minimize the damage to cultured marine species. This study designed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the simultaneous detection of two major fish pathogens: V. anguillarum and E. tarda. Each pair of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the target groEL gene of the specific microorganism. Twenty-two Vibrio and ten non-Vibrio enteric species were used to check the specificity of the primers, which were found to be highly specific for the target species, even among closely related species. The detection limit was 400 pg for V. anguillarum and 4 ng for E. tarda when mixed purified DNA was used as the template. This assay showed high specificity and sensitivity in the simultaneous detection of V. anguillarum and E. tarda from artificially inoculated seawater and fish.

PCR-based Identification of Microorganisms in a Kefir Grain

  • Koo, Won Hoe;Seo, Min-Gook;Ahn, Jung Hoon
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.2 no.4
    • /
    • pp.238-244
    • /
    • 2007
  • Nowadays many people are concerned about being healthy, and many dairy products are taken as health supplementary foods. Among dairy products, kefir, also called as Tibet mushroom, is a yogurt fermented by kefir grain, which is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Although there are many empirical evidences that kefir is very influential for human body, the exact reason is not definitively discovered. Therefore, it would be useful to understand characteristics of a kefir grain and to categorize bacteria in a kefir grain. In this paper, molecular biological apparatus such as PCR, electrophoresis, PCR purification, DNA sequencing were used to identify and classify the species of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a kefir grain. We used PCR-based identification method using 16S rRNA primer and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) primer. We identified 6 different species which were selected on different medium. In addition, observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM) enabled us to grasp an external shape of the kefir grain. Although we found a limited number of microbial species, more intensive research are needed for extensive identification of microorganism species in Korean kefir grain.

  • PDF

Identification and Cultural Characterization of Lipase Production Bacteria Isolated from Pond Effluent Sedimentary Layer (양식장 배출수 퇴적층에서 분리된 리파아제 생산 박테리아의 동정 및 배양학적 특성)

  • Kim, Man-Chul;Jang, Tae-Won;Harikrishnan, Ramasamy;Jang, Ik-Soo;Yeo, In-Kyu;Jeong, Joon-Bum;Heo, Moon-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
    • /
    • v.45 no.1
    • /
    • pp.58-62
    • /
    • 2009
  • From the course of screening of useful enzyme producing microorganism from marine sedimentary layer, we isolated 2 lipase producing strains and their lipase producing activities were tested. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that they were Gram-positive bacteria grouped on Janibacter sp. An excellent lipase producing strain, Janibacter sp. LI-68 and J. sp. LI-80 identified by 16S rDNA analysis and biochemical methods (BIOLOG), was further studied its lipase producing characteristics. The optimum initial pH, temperature and the optimum cultral time for the enzyme production on MA medium were 8, $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ and 96 h, respectively.

Study on the distribution of marine bacteria and the consumption of oxygen in Wonmun bay (원문만의 해양세균분포와 산소소모량에 관한 연구)

  • PARK Young-Tae;LEE Won-Jae;PARK Joo-Suck;LEE Pil_Yong;KIM Hak-Gyoon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.24 no.5
    • /
    • pp.303-314
    • /
    • 1991
  • Hypoxic bottom $(\leq2.0ml/l),\;40\%\;oxygen\;saturation)$ is formed in the semi-closed Wonmun bay during summer and autumn early. This study was carried out to know seasonal distribution of marine bacteria and the role of marine bacteria for forming the hypoxic bottom at Wonmun bay during summer and autumn early, 1990. During the study periods, 170 bacterial strains were isolated from sea water and sediment. Viable cell counts were ranged between $10^5-10^7\;cells/ml$. The dominant species were Acinetobacter spp. in spring, Flavobacerium spp. in summer, Pseudomonas spp. in autumn, Serratia spp. in winter. Because ETSA(Electron Transport System Activity) reveals potential consumption of oxygen in the aquatic microorganisms, the ETSA was used as potential consumption of oxygen in this study. The potential consumption of oxygen was in the range of $232.4-637.5{\mu}l/O_2/l/day$ by marine organism and $142.6-432.4{\mu}l/O_2/l/day$ by marine bacteria during the study periods. The ratio of potential oxygen consumption of marine bacteria to total marine microorganism was 0.54. The potential consumption of oxygen by marine bacteria closely related with the number of viable cells. Consequently, bacteria play an important role to form Hypoxic bottom at marine environment.

  • PDF

Identification of the Marine Microorganisms Producing Bioactives -I. Isolation and Cultural Conditions of the Marine Actinomycetes No. 101 Producing Antimicrobial compounds- (생리활성물질을 생성하는 해양미생물의 동정 -I. 항미생물 물질을 생산하는 해양방선균 분리균주 No. 101의 분리 및 배양조건-)

  • CHOI Jong-Duck;PARK Uk-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.305-311
    • /
    • 1993
  • Marine organisms were investigated to identify the marine actinomycetes that produced noble bioactive compounds. Microorganism counts range from $2.1{\times}10^3\;to\;1.2{\times}10\;CFU/g$ of marine organisms. Actinomycetes constituted 0.01 to $0.5\%$ of culturable microbial community. We identified the marine actinomycetes that produced novel bioactive compounds. During the course of screening for bioactives from the marine microorganisms, we found that the strain in sponge had antimicrobial activities. From the morphological, cultural and various physiological characteristics, this strain was identified for Actinomycetes No. 101. The optimal compositions of culture medium for Actinomycetes No. 101 were starch 30g/l as carbon source, casamino acid 10g/l as nitrogen source. The optimal pH of medium and fermentation temperature were $6.5{\sim}7.0$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Fermentation has been conducted in the marine broth at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hour. The yield of fermentation got about 3g as dry weight(per liter of broth). The distribution of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes No. 101 was screened by paper disc. The extract of cultured cell and broth inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but the inhibition action was week against yeast and mold.

  • PDF

Retort Processing of Packaged Foods (포장식품의 레토르트 공정)

  • Chung, Dong-Hwa
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.59-65
    • /
    • 2007
  • Packaged food products often undergo retort processing, a thermal processing in a pressurized vessel called a retort, to ensure their microbiological safety or shelf-stability under normal non-refrigerated conditions of storage and distribution. Retort processing is generally aimed to accomplish commercial sterility of packaged foods with acceptable nutritional and sensorial qualities. Fundamental principles on retort processing, such as thermal resistance kinetics of target microorganism, heat penetration theory, and methods for evaluating process sterility and food quality loss, were reviewed. Factors affecting process severity, heat transfer mechanism, and heat penetration efficiency were summarized. General features of retortable packaging formats including metal cans, glass jars, and plastic packages were also briefly reviewed.

  • PDF