• Title/Summary/Keyword: Marine Contents

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Antioxidant and Anti-Cholesterol Activities of Standardized Ecklonia Stolonifera Extract (표준화된 곰피추출물의 항산화 활성 및 콜레스테롤 개선 효과)

  • Han, Xionggao;Kim, Woo-Hyeok;Choi, Sun-Il;Men, Xiao;Lee, Se-jeong;Jin, Heegu;Oh, Hyun-Ji;Kang, Dahye;Kim, HyungBin;Lee, Boo-Yong;Lee, Ok-Hwan
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.353-362
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    • 2021
  • Ecklonia stolonifera, which belongs to the family Laminariaceae, is an edible perennial brown marine alga that is widely distributed, and is rich in polyphenols, including dieckol. Here, we investigated the radical scavenging activities of E. stolonifera extract (ESE) using various in vitro models. We further evaluated the effect of ESE on the cholesterol secretion inhibition activity in HepG2 cells, as well as the hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. Our results showed that the total phenol, total flavonoid, and dieckol contents of ESE were 9.64±0.04 mg GAE/g, 2.72±0.08 mg RE/g and 27.42±0.66 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ESE increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ESE inhibited cholesterol secretion from HepG2 cells with anti-HMG-CoA reductase activity. These results suggested that ESE possesses antioxidant and anti-cholesterol activities, and can therefore be used as a preclinical bioresource for development of health functional foods.

Does supplementing laying hen diets with a herb mixture mitigate the negative impacts of excessive inclusion of extruded flaxseed?

  • Hossein Hosseini;Noah Esmaeili;Aref Sepehr;Mahyar Zare;Artur Rombenso;Raied Badierah;Elrashdy M. Redwan
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.629-641
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.

Uncertainty Estimation of Single-Channel Temperature Estimation Algorithm for Atmospheric Conditions in the Seas around the Korean Peninsula (한반도 주변해역 대기환경에 대한 싱글채널 온도추정 알고리즘의 불확도 추정)

  • Jong Hyuk Lee;Kyung Woong Kang;Seungil Baek;Wonkook Kim
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2023
  • Temperature of the Earth's surface is a crucial physical variable in understanding weather and atmospheric dynamics and in coping with extreme heat events that have a great impact on living organismsincluding humans. Thermalsensors on satellites have been a useful meansfor acquiring surface temperature information for wide areas on the globe, and thus characterization of its estimation uncertainty is of central importance for the utilization of the data. Among various factors that affect the estimation, the uncertainty caused by the algorithm itself has not been tested for the atmospheric environment of Korean vicinity. Thisstudy derivesthe uncertainty of the single-channel algorithm under the local atmospheric and oceanic conditions by using reanalysis data and buoy temperature data collected around Korea. Atmospheric profiles were retrieved from two types of reanalysis data, the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis of the global climate and weather (ERA5) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA-2) to investigate the effect of reanalysis data. MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) was used as a radiative transfer code for simulating top of atmosphere radiance and the atmospheric correction for the temperature estimation. Water temperatures used for MODTRAN simulations and uncertainty estimation for the single-channel algorithm were obtained from marine weather buoyslocated in seas around the Korean Peninsula. Experiment results showed that the uncertainty of the algorithm varies by the water vapor contents in the atmosphere and is around 0.35K in the driest atmosphere and 0.46K in overall, regardless of the reanalysis data type. The uncertainty increased roughly in a linear manner as total precipitable water increased.

A Study on Early Childhood Teachers' Perceptions of ESD-Oriented Ecological Art Activities (지속가능발전교육(ESD) 지향 생태미술활동에 관한 유아교사의 인식연구)

  • Young-Ran, Jung;Hee-Jung, Kim
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.291-301
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of early childhood teachers on ecological art activities oriented to education for sustainable development. The research results are as follows. First, Early childhood teachers recognized the visual art of natural media, the pursuit of community values, and the participation and communication of social members as educational significance of ecological art activities. And difficulties in practicing ecological art were recognized as lack of educational environment, lack of ecological art teaching materials and specific examples, and teachers' lack of understanding of ecological art. Also, they recognized that ecological art activities foster core competencies in art experience area, such as nature-friendly communication skills, eco-friendly sensibility, and creative convergence skills. Second, regarding ecological art activities and sustainable development education, early childhood teachers considered the difficulties in practice as lack of awareness about sustainable development, lack of play meia and materials, lack of educational policies and support, and insufficient teacher training programs. Also, regarding the SDGs that can be practiced in ecological art activities, teachers were found to be highly aware of 'grow affordable and clean energy', 'improve clean water and sanitation', 'provide quality education' in the order. In the contents of education for sustainable development that can be practiced in ecological art activities, teachers are given the order of 'climate change response', 'clean energy', 'water and sanitation', 'quality education', 'health and well-being' and 'marine ecosystem'. was highly recognized. If an ecological art activity program is developed, the rate of responding that it will be used is high, so it is considered that the development of an ESD-oriented ecological art activity program is urgent.

The Effect of Engineering Design Based Ocean Clean Up Lesson on STEAM Attitude and Creative Engineering Problem Solving Propensity (공학설계기반 오션클린업(Ocean Clean-up) 수업이 STEAM태도와 창의공학적 문제해결성향에 미치는 효과)

  • DongYoung Lee;Hyojin Yi;Younkyeong Nam
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.79-89
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of engineering design-based ocean cleanup classes on STEAM attitudes and creative engineering problem-solving dispositions. Furthermore, during this process, we tried to determine interesting points that students encountered in engineering design-based classes. For this study, a science class with six lessons based on engineering design was developed and reviewed by a professor who majored in engineering design, along with five engineering design experts with a master's degree or higher. The subject of the class was selected as the design and implementation of scientific and engineering measures to reduce marine pollution based on the method implemented in an actual Ocean Clean-up Project. The engineering design process utilized the engineering design model presented by NGSS (2013), and was configured to experience redesign through the optimization process. To verify effectiveness, the STEAM attitude questionnaire developed by Park et al. (2019) and the creative engineering problemsolving propensity test tool developed by Kang and Nam (2016) were used. A pre and post t-test was used for statistical analysis for the effectiveness test. In addition, the contents of interesting points experienced by the learners were transcribed after receiving descriptive responses, and were analyzed and visualized through degree centrality analysis. Results confirmed that engineering design in science classes had a positive effect on both STEAM attitude and creative engineering problem-solving disposition (p< .05). In addition, as a result of unstructured data analysis, science and engineering knowledge, engineering experience, and cooperation and collaboration appeared as factors in which learners were interested in learning, confirming that engineering experience was the main factor.

Optimal extraction conditions of Chaetomorpha torta by ethanol concentration and inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines (에탄올 농도별 꼬불염주말의 최적추출조건 및 전염증성 사이토카인 억제 효과)

  • Jin Eui Song;Tae Hyun Shin
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2024
  • In this study, we sought to confirm the potential of the Chaetomorpha torta extract as a raw material for cosmetics. Accordingly, we sought to find the optimal extraction conditions for Chaetomorpha torta by ethanol concentration and to check whether it has an anti-inflammatory effect by confirming the inhibitory effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). The main contents of the experiment results are as follows. First, when DPPH radical scavenging ability and polyphenol yield were used as the criteria for optimal extraction conditions of Chaetomorpha torta, 70% concentration ethanol extract was most suitable. Second, as a result of cytotoxicity evaluation using Raw 264.7, no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 100 ㎍/mL. Third, as a result of measuring the inhibitory effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells, the production of all cytokines decreased in proportion to the concentration, and 100 ㎍/mL It was confirmed that the concentrations were 73.76±2.6%, 84.8±2.42%, and 91.91±0.47%, respectively, showing excellent anti-inflammatory properties. According to these research results, it appears that the extract of the Chaetomorpha torta can be valuable as a raw material for cosmetics with anti-inflammatory properties, and if research on antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities related to green algae is conducted more actively, marine resources can be used as useful basic data. It is believed that it will be.

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Particulate Organic Matter in the Southeastern Coastal Bays of Korea (한반도 남동 연안내만 입자유기물질의 시$\cdot$공간 변동 특성)

  • LEE Pil-Yong;KANG Chang-Keun;CHOI Woo-Jeung;LEE Won-Chan;YANG Han-Soeb
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.57-69
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    • 2001
  • The chemical, elemental and biochemical components of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) were investigated in order to quantify particulate organic matter (POM) and assess diet quality for suspension feeders in the southern coastal bay systems of Korea where the marine farming of the suspension feeders are most active, The intense field observation program was carried out seasonally in the three coastal bay systems of Chinhae, Gosung and Kangjin bays, The SPM was characterized as collective properties of organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON), phosphorus (PP) and more refined collective properties of protein (PPr), carbohydrate (PCHO) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) compound. Although the three coastal bays are regarded as phytoplankton based ecosystem, the SPM is not composed entirely with phytoplankton cells. Due to the shallow water depth, resuspension of bottom sediment contributes significantly to some of the regions. Therefore, concentration of SPM in the surface water did not co-vary with Chl a or PPr, PCHO. In general, temporal variation of POC, PON and Chl a contents in seawater were closely associated with phytoplankton biomass in the three coastal bays, However, PPr and PCHO contents in seawater were higher in Chinhae bay than in Gosung and Kangjin bays and Chl a PPr-N ratio was higher in Chinhae bay than in Kosung and Kangjin bays, since Chinhae bay is more eutrophicated than other bays. Average C : N ratios from regressions of POC and PON of SPM were 6.6, 6.6 and 5.0 in Chinhae, Gosung and Kangjin bays, respectively. SPM in Chinhae and Gosung bays appears to be made of largely phytoplankton cells and SPM in Kangjin bay appears to be contributed from the bacterial biomass due to the shallow water depth. N : P ratios from regressions of PON and PP of SPM were 10.8 and 14.7 in spring, and 18.2 and 24.6 in Chinhae and Gosung bays, respectively. With respect to the hypothetical Redfield molecule, phytoplankton appears to be limited by the lack of N and f in spring and summer, respectively, in the two bays, In Kangjin bay, N : P ratios from regressions of PON and PP of SPM were varied from 6.3 to 12.8 throughout the year. The low N : P ratio with resepct to the hypothetical Redfield molecule, phytoplankton growth appears to be limited by the lack of N-nutrients.

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Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation (옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究))

  • Lee, Dai Sung;Yun, Suckew;Lee, Jong Hyeog;Kim, Jeong Taeg
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.19 no.spc
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

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Effects of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Peel Extract in Namhae Korea on the Bioactivity Compounds and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Activity (남해산 치자(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus) 껍질의 생리활성 및 지질과산화 저해 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, Dong-Hyeok;Oh, Da-Young;Kang, Dong-Soo;Lee, Young-Geun;Kim, Han-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.263-272
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    • 2018
  • The object of this study was to measure the bioactivity and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of peel from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE) in Namhae Korea. The amount of phytic acid was also determined. Extraction was performed using three solvents, CM (choloform:methanol, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol and 70% ethanol. To investigate by the solvent extract of total phenol content and value as a functional food ingredient of GJE peel through nitrogen oxide scavenging activity, antioxidant activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition were performed. The bioactivities of the extract solvents increased significantly with increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL, p<0.05). The total phenol contents of GJE peel extracts were highest in CM ($39.74{\pm}0.15mg\;CAE/g$) extract. The order of total phenol contents, antioxidant activity and reducing power of the solvents in the GJE peel were the same, in the analysis of nitrogen oxides scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition, it was confirmed the results were inconsistent. As a result, the GJE peel showed excellent bioactivities. Considering the extraction yield and various physiological activities, it is considered that efficiency is better when extracted from CM and 70% ethanol extracts.

Effect of Cryoprotectants on Quality Properties of Chicken Breast Surimi (냉동변성방지제의 종류가 닭가슴살 수리미의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, S.K.;Kim, I.S.;Kim, S.J.;Jeong, K.J.;Lee, J.R.;Choi, Y.J.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.847-856
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of cryoprotectants(sugar, sorbitol, polyphosphate) on quality properties of chicken breast surimi manufactured by pH adjustment(pH 11.0) during frozen storage. Final surimi was divided into experimental units to which the following treatments were randomly assigned: C(Alaska pollack surimi, two times washing, 4% sugar+5% sorbitol+0.3% polyphosphate additive); T1(chicken breast surimi, 0.3% polyphosphate additive); T2(chicken breast surimi, 5% sorbitol +0.3% polyphosphate additive); T3(chicken breast surimi, 4% sugar+5% sorbitol+0.3% polyphosphate additive). All amino acid contents of control were higher than those of all treatments, while T2 was higher in amino acid contents among the treatments. Shear force of all treatments were higher than that of control, but the breaking force, deformation and gel strength were lower. The TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) values of all treatments were lower than those of control, The TBARS values of all treatments were increased with increased storage period. In sensory evaluation, the score of appearance, meat color and overall acceptability of control were higher than those of all treatments, but aroma, juiciness and tenderness were lower than those for all treatments.