• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.290-303
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• 1996

There is a need to define the concept of suffering more appropriate in the context of Korean culture. This research is an attempt to analyze and develop the concept of suffering by applying the Hybrid Model suggested by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. The data were collected from March 20, 1995 to September 17,1995. The subjects of the study were eight persons including in-patients and out-patients of a general hospital who were diagnosed as having cancer and those resting in sanatoria for natural treatment of cancer. Qualitative research methods of in-depth interview and participant observation were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were recorded on tape. Data-analysis progressed according to the 3 phases suggested by the Hybrid Model. For each case, in-depth interview data and participant observation data were included and the attributes of suffering revealed in these data were analyzed. Finally, by summarizing the results from each case, the attributes of suffering, its dimensions, definition, and processes observed in the field were suggested. According to the results of the study, the followlng new definition of suffering is suggested : Suffering is a fundamental and inevitable experience of all human beings. When each individual experiences loss, damage, and pain which threaten one's personal integrity, suffering is perceived differently among each individual depending on their personal inner factors, one's significant others, exterior circumstances and stimuli, and the ultimate meaning of life. Suffering brings severe and unendurable distress which accompany despair, powerlessness, anxiety, bitterness, fear, anguish, guilt, depression, withdrawal and anger. The results of this study suggest that the more responsibility and burden a cancer patient felt, the more suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be more relevant to one's significant others and exterior circumstances and stimuli : the less responsibility and burden a cancer patient had, the less suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be related to one's inner factors. These findings have implications for nursing profession. When caring for patients who experience suffering, nurses need to consider the influence of responsibility, burden, and each dimension of suffering. Moreover, appropriate nursing interventions aimed at relieving pain and satisfying the spiritual need of patients experiencing loss need to be developed and implemented more widely.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables such as communication with mother and depression with regard to headache in headache-suffering children. The study subjects consisted of 315 in 5th&6th grade elementary school children in T city, headache-suffering children mean children experiencing twice or more march, 2. 2000 - July. 20, 2000. The data were analyzed by SAS computer program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score for communication with mother was 73.74 in headache-free group and 70.42 in headache-suffering group and difference had statistical significance. 2. The mean score for depression was 39.43 in headache-free group and 43.03 in headache-suffering group and difference had statistical significance. This study in relation to nursing implies that there is a need to teach mothers to encourage positive communication with children and that to develop depression-reducing program to prevent headache attack in children.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment on an infant with burn injury. Methods We treated the infant suffering from burn injury by Korean medical treatment such as acupuncture, Hwangryunhaedoktang extract, Jaungo dressing from March 15th, 2016 to March 26th, 2016. This efficacy of treatment was evaluated with observation. Results After this treatment, burn wound size was reduced and skin tissue regeneration was accelerated. As time passes, pigmentation was faded. Conclusions This case report showed that the Korean medical treatment is effective in the treatment of pediatric burn. However further case studies are still required to confirm these findings.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study the effects of forgiveness therapy on the resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality of wives of men suffering from alcohol abuse was examined. Methods: The study design was a quasi-experimental design. Forgiveness therapy was conducted once a week for 12 weeks. Data were obtained from March 2012 to December 2013. Participants were chosen from women in two Alcohol Counseling Centers. Of the 29 participants, 16 were assigned to the experimental group and 13 to the control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: There were statistically significantly differences for resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality between the experimental and control groups. Forgiveness therapy improved the resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<.05). In follow-up tests, the experimental group had a statistically significantly increase only in self-esteem. Conclusion: This study results show that forgiveness therapy is effective in improving resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality in wives of men suffering from alcohol abuse. Therefore, forgiveness therapy can be considered a useful nursing intervention to promote improvements in emotional stability and provide pain relief for these wives.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine Bone Marrow Density (BMD) of women suffering from general pain after childbirth. Methods: We studied 18 patients visiting $\bigcirc\bigcirc$hospital from March 2007 to May 2010. The subjects were categorized in two groups, symptom group(n=12) and no symptom group(n=6). We measured BMD using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and studied the difference of BMD between two groups by Student T-test using SPSS for windows(version 13.0). Results: The general characteristics such as age, days of postpartum, primiparity, cesarean section, breast-feeding of two groups were not different statistically. BMD, T-score and Z-score of symptom group were statistically lower than no symptom group. Conclusion: The results suggest that women suffering from general pain after childbirth shows low BMD, T-score and Z-score. It seems to be due to the kidney deficiency after childbirth.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.45-79
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국사회의 대리모 여성의 심리사회적 고통 체험의 구조를 심층적으로 이해하기 위하여 실행되었다. 자료는 미디어를 통해 수집된 질적 2차 자료를 상호주관적 삶으로서의 역동성과 의미를 잘 나타내주는 파시(Parse)의 현상학적-해석학적 연구방법에 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 대리모 여성의 체험은 경제적 고통으로 선택한 최선의 대안이었으나 출산과 양육이 분리된 모성은 일방적 관계로의 위험에 노출되나 보상과 입양의 맞물림으로 잊혀 질 모성의 현실을 수용하는 과정이라는 구조로 나타났다. 그러한 구조를 전환시키면 대리모 여성의 체험은 생의 마지막 선택이라 여기나 죄책감과 혼란스러움으로 드러낼 수 없는 존재로서 모성을 도구화하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 해석은 파시의 추상성 높은 개념으로 통합하여 대리모 여성의 체험은 가치화를 가능-제한, 노출-은폐하여 독특성을 강화하고 변형시켜가는 과정으로 재해석 되었다. 대리모 여성에 대한 경제적·의료적·법적 차원에서의 논의와 함의를 다루었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.435-446
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of the study were to describe outcomes of CHP activities, and to evaluate the economic validity of CHP through a cost-benefit analysis. Method : The sample size was 272. Data were collected using a researcher developed questionnaire from November 1999 to March, 2000. Result : The mean age of CHPs was 39.6 (SD-36). In regard to marital status, 90.8% of the respondents were married. 72% of the CHPs had associate degree. Among CHP activities, providing medical services was 50%, followed by home care visits 20% and health promotion services 20%, preventive services 10%. Total costs per month incurred to CHP activities was \3,053,437($2,442.7). Total benefits per month was \6,711,525($5,369.2). Hence, net benefit was calculated as \3,658,089($2,926). Conclusion : Cost-benefit ratio was 2.20, which provides the evidence of the economic viability of CHP program. The result of cost-benefit analysis, however, would more strongly support the economic value of CHP if intangible benefits of CHP activities such as decreases in pain and suffering and increased quality of life, could be counted.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.267-282
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• 2015

Objectives: Tremor is a common disorder causing abnormal movements, it is defined as, "rhythmic, involuntary movements of a part of the body against ones own volition.". The purpose of this study is to report the effects of Korean Medicine (Acupuncture and herbal-medication) for oromandibular tremor resulting from Deficiency Syndrome. Methods: We treated 6 patients suffering from oromandibular tremor who received hospital treatment in DongEui Medical Center from March to June in 2015. Results: After the treatments, oromandibular tremor decreased or disappeared. And some other accompanying symptoms were improved. Conclusions: These results suggests that Korean medical treatments (Acupuncture and herb-medication) might be effective for treating oromandibular tremor resulting from Deficiency Syndrome.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1968

Monthly mean values for EDTA hardness in the Han River water were determined for March 1966 through May 1967. The hardness was retained a range of 22-59 mg/L the maximum value of 59 mg/L was approached in the months of mid-winter, indicating a seasonal variation. The annual ranges of Ca and Mg were 3.7-9.1 mg/L, 1.5-10.4 mg/L, respectively. The annual range of Mg:Ca ratio was 0.18-2.60. And the hardness correlated closely with Mg volume. In Korea, fortunately, most river waters are not yet suffering from damaging pollution. We must try to establish our water quality criteria based on scientific data, and make research recommendations for the following water uses; public water supplies, aquatic life and wildlife, industry, recreation and aesthetics.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

Background: Atopic dermatitis starts as an early childhood type I hypersensitivity to environmental allergens and is often the first step in the atopic march to develop into asthma and allergic rhinitis. Despite progress that has been achieved in management, this health problem remains poorly controlled and cause great pain and suffering for many children and their parents To introduce nurses to recent progress in pathophysiology, management and preventive measure of atopic disease. Search method: Systemic search was done using the PubMed and CINAHL from 1980 to 2005. In addition, historical references were taken from standard medical textbook. Results: In total, 30 relevant publications were located including primary research and review articles that cover the pathophysiology, management, and preventive measure of atopy. The evidence emerging from literature indicate that non-medical approaches such as breastfeeding and probiotics would improve management outcomes. Conclusion: The review suggests that breastfeeding and probiotic approaches would be the most effective preventive measures for children with atopic diseases.