• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2000

To investigate the practical assessing method of pork quality, 302 carcasses were selected randomly to represent commercial conditions and were probed at 24 hr postmortem (PM) by Danish Meat Quality Marbling (MQM), Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP), Sensoptic Resistance Probe (SRP) and NWK pH-K21 meter (NpH). Also, filter paper wetness (FPW), lightness (L*), ultimate pH (pHu), subjective color (SC), firmness/wetness (SF) and marbling scores (SM) were recorded. Each carcass was categorized as either PSE (pale, soft and exudative), RSE (Reddish-pink, soft and exudative), RFN (reddish-pink, firm and non-exudative) or DFD (dark, firm and dry). When discriminant analysis was used to sort carcasses into four quality groups the highest proportion of correct classes was 65% by HGP, 60% by MQM, 52% by NpH and 32% by SRP. When independent variables were combined to sort carcasses into groups the success was only 67%. When RSE and RFN groups were merged so that there were only three groups (PSE, RSE+RFN, DFD) differentiating by color MQM was able to sort the same set of data into the new set of three groups with 80% accuracy. The proportions of correct classifications for HGP, NpH and SRP were 75%, 61% and 35% respectively. There was a decline in predication accuracy when only two groups, exudative (PSE and RES) and non exudative (RFN and DFD) were sorted. However, when two groups designated PSE and non-PSE (RSE, RFN and DFD) were sorted then the proportion of correct classification by MQM, HGP, SRP and NpH were 87%, 81%, 71% and 66% respectively. Combinations of variables only increased the prediction accuracy by 1 or 2% over prediction by MQM alone. When the data was sorted into three marbling groups based on SM this was not well predicted by any of the probe measurements. The best prediction accuracy was 72% by a combination of MQM and NpH.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2009

본 시험은 초음파 진단장치를 이용한 한우 번식우의 산차 및 지역별 산육특성에 관한 연구에 대하여 알아보고자 실시하였다. 강원도 6개시 군 한우 번식우 1,386두를 공시하여 초음파 진단장치(HS-2000, Japan)를 이용하여 배최장근단면적(LMAU; Longissimus Muscle Area Ultrasound), 등지방두께(BFTU; Back Fat Thickness Ultrasound), 근내지방도(MSU; Marbling Score Ultrasound), 둔근지방두께(P8 FTU; P8 Fat Thickness Ultrasound)를 측정하였다. 성적 조사 및 자료의 조정 후 각 한우의 출생년도-계절, 지역 및 산차별 산육특성을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산차별 산육특성을 비교했을 때 산차가 증가할수록 산육 형질은 6산까지 증가하다가 7산차 이후에는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 지역별 산육특성을 비교하면 모든 지역에서 고도의 유의적(p<0.01)인 차이를 보였으며 화천지역의 암소에서 배최장근단면적과 근내지방도가 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 양구지역의 경우 등지방두께, 둔근지방두께가 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 출생년도와 계절에 따른 산육형질에서는 2000년 가을철 태생의 개체의 배최장근단면적과 근내지방도, 2005년과 2006년 가을철 태생에서 각각 등지방두께 및 둔근지방두께가 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 산육특성관련 형질간의 상관관계에서는 상호간 상관이 어느 정도 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 등지방두께와 둔근지방두께의 상관계수가 가장 높았고, 반대로 배최장근단면적과 둔근지방두께의 상관계수가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 6산차까지의 산육형질이 우수한 것으로 분석되었고, 지역 차이에 따른 산육형질의 특징이 나타났으며, 등지방두께와 둔근지방두께의 상관관계가 가장 높은 것으로 분석되어, 본 시험결과는 앞으로 한우 번식우 개량 및 사양관리에 적절하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.775-782
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• 2008

본 연구는 한우의 근내지방도와 연관된 SNP를 규명하고자 Cattle QTLdb와 BcSNPdb를 이용하였다. 먼저 Cattle QTLdb에서 근내지방도에 관련된 QTL 영역을 탐색한 후 BcSNPdb에 적용하여 총 3605개의 SNP를 발굴하였고 이 중에서 347개의 nonsynonymous SNP를 선정하여 PCR 반응이 확인된 160개의 SNP를 확인하였다. 확인된 160개의 SNP를 30차에서 35차 국가후대검정우(n=476)에서 혈연관계가 없으며 근내지방도 성적을 근거로 정규분포상에서 평균±2SD 범위 밖의 성적이 높은 집단 50두와 낮은 집단 50두에 적용한 결과 6개의 근내지방도 관련 SNP(BTS_003888, BTS_012665, BTS_ 018201, BTS_025951, BTS_009454, BTS_052584)를 확인하였다. 확인된 6개의 SNP를 30차에서 35차 국가후대검정우 집단(n=476)에 적용한 결과 BTS_003888, BTS_009454, BTS_052584의 SNP에서 근내지방도와 유의적인 차이를 나타내었고 BTS_025951의 SNP에서는 등지방두께와 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 밝혀진 BTS_003888, BTS_ 009454, BTS_052584, BTS_025951 SNP들은 한우의 근내지방도와 등지방두께의 선발개량모형에 포함하여 진일보하는 보탬의 기틀이기를 기대한다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2012

The bovine fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and 5) is a major positional and physiological candidate gene for the bovine marbling and carcass weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between economic traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and genetic variation in fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and 5) genes within carcass/meat quality traits and the before/after of fatting in breed Hanwoo. Here, we characterized the nucleotide polymorphism of FABP4 and 5 in 86 cattle. We were detected the variability of three types (GG, AG, and AA) by PCR, and economic traits were analyzed by the mixed regression model implemented in the ASReml program. As the result of statistical and supersonic analysis, FABP4 gene was highly showed significant effect (p<0.006) on marbling score (MS), in contrast FABP5 gene was lowed (p<0.084) on MS before fatting. But, FABP4 gene was highly showed significant effect (p<0.0054) on MS, in contrast FABP5 gene lowest (p<0.0899) on MS in the after of fatting. Compare to supersonic result before fatting in FABP4 gene, it was detected type GG: (p<7.18), AG: (p<8.50), and AA: (p<10.50) (n=50), showed type GG: (p<4.88), AG: (p<2.33), and AA: (p<0.00) after weed out (n=20). Futhermore, it was detected type GG: (p<9.30), AG: (p<7.95), and AA: (p<7.40) (n=50) before fatting in the FABP5 gene. It was shown type GG: (p<2.67), AG: (p<3.50), and AA: (p<5.00) after weed out (n=50). Our results indicate that FABP4 and 5 gene transcription is regulated by the environment of feeding and management, and suggest that feeding and management could be potential key in determining FABP4 and 5 genes transcription for carcass/meat quality traits in breed Hanwoo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1013-1021
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of amino acid-enriched ruminally protected fatty acid (AARPFA) on plasma fatty acids and amino acids, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Korean native steers (Hanwoo) by simultaneous supply of fatty acids and limiting amino acids (methionine and lysine). Eighteen finishing Hanwoo steers, 18 months of age and weighing an average of $459.0{\pm}38.9\;kg$, were used for studies of the metabolism of plasma fatty acids and amino acids during supplementation of AARPFA. Also, 45 finishing Hanwoo steers, 16 months of age and weighing an average of $408.6{\pm}26.5\;kg$, were used for growth performance and carcass characteristics during supplemention of AARPFA. There were three treatments which comprised a basal diet supplemented with AARPFA at 0 g (T1), 50 g (T2) or 100 g (T3), respectively. Concentrations of saturated, unsaturated and total fatty acids in plasma were increased in T3 compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Concentrations of methionine and lysine in plasma were linearly increased with increasing levels of AARPFA (p<0.01). Average daily gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio were not different among the treatments. Marbling score measured by ultra-sound scanning was higher in T3 than in T1 at 24 months of age (p<0.05). Rib eye area, back fat thickness, yield index and yield grade score were similar across the treatments. Marbling score and quality grade score were higher in T3 compared with other treatments (p<0.01). Thus, plasma fatty acids, methionine and lysine metabolism were affected by supplementing with 100 g of AARPFA which also had positive effects on marbling score and meat quality grade of finishing Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2006

본 연구는 Gibbs sampler와 MTDFREML 방법에 의해서 한우 도체형질의 유전력 및 유전(공)분산을 단형질 및 다형질 개체모형을 가지고 추정하고 비교 하였다. 배장근단면적(longissimus dorsi area), 등지방 두께(backfat thickness), 상강도(marbling score)의 유전 모수를 추정하였으며, 분석에 이용된 자료는 총 1,941두 이고, 혈연계수를 구하기 위한 혈통 자료는 23,058두를 이용하였다. 도체형질에 대한 유전력 추정 시 단형질과 다형질 개체모형에 의한 편차는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 단형질 개체모형에서 Gibbs sampler 방법을 이용한 추정에서는 LDA, BF 및 MS에서 각각 0.52, 0.59 및 0.42로서 고도의 유전력을 보였다. MTDFREML 방법을 통한 추정 시에는 LDA 0.41, BF 0.52로서 고도의 유전력을 보였으며, MS는 0.32로서 중도의 유전력을 보였다. 분석 방법에 의한 유전력 추정은 Gibbs sampler에 의한 방법이 MTDFREML에 의한 방법에 비해서 0.1정도 높게 추정되었다. MTDFREML 방법과 Gibbs Sampler 방법에 의한 도체 형질간의 유전상관은 LDA와 BF, MS 간에는 모두 부의 상관을 보였고, BF과 MS에서는 정의 상관을 보였다. MTDFREML과 Gibbs Sampler에서 이들의 분석 방법 간에 육종가 추정치에 대한 상관계수는 LDA와 BF에서는 0.989 이상의 높은 추정치를 보였으나, MS에 대해서는 이보다 다소 낮은 0.985를 나타내었다. 그리하여, 상강도(marbling score)와 같은 범주형 자료에 대한 유전분석은 기존의 선형의 정규분포를 가정한 REML방법에 의한 것 보다 범주형 모형을 설정하여 Gibbs sampling algorithm을 응용한 분석방법이 더 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1923-1932
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• 2019

Objective: We investigated visual marbling level (VML) influence on pork loin physicochemical traits, consumer palatability responses, VML liking, purchase intent, and their relationships. Methods: For each of five slaughtering dates, at 24-h postmortem, nine paired Duroc castrated male boneless Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were categorized into low (LM, score 1 to 2, n = 3), medium (MM, score 3 to 4, n = 3), and high (HM, score 5 to 6, n = 3) VML. Meat physicochemical quality traits and consumer responses (n = 389) on palatability and VML liking, and purchase intent were evaluated. The experiment was in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple mean comparisons, and correlation coefficients were determined. Results: VML correspond to crude fat (r = 0.91, p<0.01), but both were reversely related to moisture content (r = -0.75 and -0.91, p<0.01, respectively). As VML increased, ash (p<0.05) and protein (p = 0.072) decreased, pH and $b^{\star}$ increased (p<0.05), but drip, cooking (p<0.05) and thawing (p = 0.088) losses decreased. Among treatments, muscle fiber diameter, sarcomere length, total and insoluble collagen contents, $L^{\star}$, and $a^{\star}$ did not differ (p>0.05). Compared to the others, HM had lower collagen solubility percentage (p<0.05), but similar (p>0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). No differences (p>0.05) were found in juiciness, overall flavor, oiliness, and overall acceptability, but HM was more tender (p<0.05) than the others. Based on VML, consumers preferred MM to HM (p<0.05), while LM was similar to MM and HM (p>0.05). Corresponding to VML preference (r = 0.45, p<0.01), consumers (83%) would (p<0.01) definitely and probably buy MM, over LM (74%), and HM (68%), respectively. Conclusion: Increasing VML in pork LD altered its chemical composition, slightly increased pH, and improved water holding capacity, thereby improving its tenderness acceptability. Marbling might reduce chewing resistance, as lower collagen solubility in HM did not impact tenderness acceptability and WBSF. While HM was rated as most tender, consumers visually preferred and would purchase MM.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to the auction price and total price of carcasses by using squared semi-partial correlation of carcass traits. The data used in this study were the carcass grades assigned to 7,145 head of Hanwoo slaughtered from 2013 to 2018 in Gyeonggi province and 106,779 head of Hanwoo slaughtered from 2013 to 2018 outside of Gyeonggi province. The rankings of the carcass traits contributing to the auction price were in the order of marbling score (86.70%), backfat thickness (10.42%), eye muscle area (1.40%), and carcass weight (0.92%) in Gyeonggi province. In Hanwoo slaughtered outside of Gyeonggi province, the rankings were in the order of marbling score (88.53%), backfat thickness (9.06%), eye muscle area (1.24%), and carcass weight (0.99%). The rankings of carcass traits contributing to the total price were in the order of marbling score (45.95%), carcass weight (45.60%), backfat thickness (6.49%) and eye muscle area (0.77%) in Gyeonggi province. In Hanwoo slaughtered outside Gyeonggi province, the rankings were in the order of marbling score (49.64%), carcass weight (43%), backfat thickness (5.86%), and eye muscle area (0.66%). Gyeonggi province Hanwoo had thinner backfat thickness than Hanwoo outside Gyeonggi, and it had a higher contribution to auction price and total price. Collectively, Hanwoo in Gyeonggi province showed higher contribution scores for backfat thickness. This study aimed to provide basic information to guide Hanwoo breeding and increase profits for Hanwoo farms through the analysis of each traits according to environmental factors.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.46-47
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• 2019

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.810-814
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• 1999

The influence of dietary vitamin E supplementation on meat color and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations in plasma, longissimus thoracis muscle and subcutaneous fat was investigated. Ten Japanese $Black{\times}Holstein$ crossbred steers were placed in three experimental groups receiving different supplements of vitamin E. Four steers (control) were fed no supplemental vitamin E. Two groups of three steers each, were supplemented with 500 mg dl-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate per animal daily for 175 days and 1,000 mg for 100 days, respectively, before slaughter. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration in plasma increased, as vitamin E were fed, and were related to the length of time and the amount of supplement. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations in the muscle and the fat from the two supplemental groups did not differ significantly and were three or more times greater than those in the control group. Vitamin E supplementation did not affect the quantity of marbling of beef. Supplemental vitamin E stabilized the color of displayed beef around wavelengths of 500 nm and 640 nm. The two methods of vitamin E supplementation had similar effects on meat color. The effect of supplemental vitamin E on the color of beef with marbling was observed 2-3 days after slaughter and was followed for another two weeks.