• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

The recent progress od DNA technologies including DNA fingerprinting (DFP) and random amplified DNA polymorphism (RAPD) analysis make it possible to identify the specific genetic trits of animals and to analyze the genetic diversity and relatedness between or withinspecies or populations. Using those techniquse, some efforts to identify and develop the specific DNA markers based on DNA polymorphism, which are related with economic traits for Korean native animals, Hanwoo(Korean native cattle),Korean native pig and Korean native chicken, have been made in Korea for recent a few years. The developed specific DNA markers successfully characterize the Korean native animals as the unique Korean genetic sources, distinctively from other imported breeds. Some of these DNA markers have been related to some important economic traits for domestic animals, for example, growth rate and marbling for Honwoo, growth rate and back fat thinkness fornative pig, and growth rate, agg weight and agg productivity for native chicken. This means that those markers can be used in important marker-assised selection (MAS) of Korean native domestic animals and further contribute to genetically improve and breed them.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Studies on the genetic and environmental effects on M.longissimus thoracis area (MLTA), fat thickness (SFT), rib thickness (RT) and marbling score (MS) were conducted on 21,086 steers and 7,151 heifers of Japanese Brown breed. All carcass traits were affected significantly (p<0.01) by sire, sex and initial year effects. Both of the MLTA and MS of steers were greater than heifers. Their differences were $1.4cm^2$ for MLTA and 0.05 for MS, respectively. Cattle started for fattening in winter tend to have higher of MLTA and MS and thicker of SFT and RT than those in other seasons. MLTA increase from 1987 to 1989 (about $1.9cm^2$) and decrease until 1994 (about $2.4cm^2$) and then increase again up to 1995 (about $1.5cm^2$). MS were nearly equal from 1987 to 1991 (about "1") and then decrease up to 1995 (about "1"). Heritability estimates of MLTA, RT, SFT and MS were ranged from 0.22 to 0.36. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of MLTA, RT, SFT and MS were positive and ranged from 0.05 to 0.62 and from 0.03 to 0.32 except SFT with MLTA was negative (-0.14 and -0.03).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2013

Knowledge regarding lipid catabolism has been of great interest in the field of animal sciences. In the livestock industry, excess fat accretion in meat is costly to the producer and undesirable to the consumer. However, intramuscular fat (marbling) is desirable to enhance carcass and product quality. The manipulation of lipid content to meet the goals of animal production requires an understanding of the detailed mechanisms of lipid catabolism to help meticulously design nutritional, pharmacological, and physiological approaches to regulate fat accretion. The concept of a basic system of lipases and their co-regulators has been identified. The major lipases cleave triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in lipid droplets in a sequential manner. In adipose tissue, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) performs the first and rate-limiting step of TAG breakdown through hydrolysis at the sn-1 position of TAG to release a non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Subsequently, cleavage of DAG occurs via the rate-limiting enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) for DAG catabolism, which is followed by monoglyceride lipase (MGL) for monoacylglycerol (MAG) hydrolysis. Recent identification of the co-activator (Comparative Gene Identification-58) and inhibitor [G(0)/G(1) Switch Gene 2] of ATGL have helped elucidate this important initial step of TAG breakdown, while also generating more questions. Additionally, the roles of these lipolysis-related enzymes in muscle, liver and skin tissue have also been found to be of great importance for the investigation of systemic lipolytic regulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.506-510
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• 1999

A study was made of the effects of genetic and environmental factors on ultrasonic estimates of carcass traits of Japanese Brown cows. The M. longissimus thoracis area (MLTA), Subcutaneous (SFT) and Inter Muscular (IMFT) Fat Thickness, Rib Thickness (RT) and Beef Marbling Score (BMS) were scanned at the $7^th$ rib by ultrasound. Significant differences between sires, raising place, birth year and season were found for all traits. The heritabilities estimates for sire or Maternal Grand Sire (MGS) on ultrasonic estimates of carcass traits ranged from 0.05~0.14. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the ultrasonic estimates were positive (0.13~0.88 and 0.24~0.75). Raising place effects were significant for all traits and the differences were between $30.8{\sim}33.5cm^2$ for MLTA and 0.46~0.67 for BMS. Cows born in 1988 tended to have high MLTA, SFT, IMFT and RT but low BMS. Cows born in spring tended to have high MLTA. Cows born in winter or autumn tended to have high BMS. The interaction effects of birth year with birth season were significant for both. MLTA and BMS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.257-260
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• 2003

A total of 135 F2 finishing pigs (65 barrows and 69 gilts) from resource population (Large White${\times}$Meishan) were slaughtered at about 87.8 kg BW. Contents of inosine acid (IMP) and carnine (HR) in muscle were assayed by HLPC and genetic parameters for IMP content and HR content were estimated using full sibs model. There was significant sex effect on IMP content(p<0.05), $3.561{\pm}0.077mg/g$ for gilt and $3.287{\pm}0.085mg/g$ for barrow. Heritability estimates for IMP and HR content were 0.127 and 0.357, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between IMP content and HR was 0.335, pH (A) 0.024, water lose rate (WLR) -0.069, intramuscular fat (IMF) -0.214, average marbling score (MARB) -0.143, average backfat measurements (AVBF) -0.084 and average color value (CV) -0.156, respectively. The result indicated that inosine acid content in meat might be retained or slightly improved by reducing backfat depth in pig breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.455-459
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• 1992

Five type of formulated diet from agricultural by-products (ABP) were fed to four breedtype of cattle in feedlot. The ABP used are palm kernel cake (PKC), palm press fibre (PPF), palm oil mill effluent (POME), cocoa pod (COP), coffee pulp (COF) and pineapple waste (PAP). The formulated diets are PS (52% PKC, 15% PPF and 30% POME), PF (57% PKC, 20% PPF and 20% POME), PA (2% PKC and 55% PAP), CO (42% PKC and 55% COP) and CF (67% PKC and 30% COF) with 1% urea, 1% NaCl and 1% vitamins premix. The cattle breedtypes are Kedah-Kelantan (KK), Brahman-KK (BK), Hereford-KK (HK) and Sahiwal-Friesian (SF). The result showed that breedtype significantly affect all the carcass characteristic except dressing percentage. Each breedtype has it's specific carcass characteristics. HK cattle gave high marbling, BK has high % of carcass bone, KK has high % of carcass meat and low % of carcass fat (lean meat type) and SF has high % of carcass fat. Diet-type significantly affect the deposition of fat in the carcass. High moisture diets (PA and CO) produced significantly higher % carcass bone, the lowest % carcass fat and the highest % carcass meat (65.3%). PF, CF, PA and CO diets produced 63.4%, 59.9%, 55.3% and 54.1% carcass meat respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Leptin is the hormone product of the obese gene and is synthesized and secreted predominantly by white adipocytes and relates to the feedback system that regulates long-term body fat weight and composition. Therefore, the leptin gene could be an excellent candidate gene controlling fat deposition, carcass traits and meat quality in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of 3 SNPs (A1127T and C1180T in exon 2 and C3100T in exon 3) in the bovine leptin gene with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. The C1180T SNP was associated with backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) (p<0.05). Animals with the genotype CC had higher BF than animals with TT genotype and higher MS compared with CT and TT genotypes. No significant associations were observed between the C3100T SNP and any carcass and meat quality traits analyzed. The effect of the A1127T SNP was not analyzed because the TT genotype was not detected and the AT genotype showed only 1.0% frequency. These results suggest that the C1180T SNP of the leptin gene may be useful as a genetic marker for carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

The calpain I (CAPN1) gene is an important marker for meat tenderness and marbling score in the bovine, but there were no studies to determine whether the CAPN1 gene had an association with other meat quality traits. In this study, we examined the relation between genetic polymorphisms of the CAPN1 gene and some meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle of China. By PCRSSCP and gene sequencing in 321 unrelated Yanbian yellow cattle, twenty seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in CAPN1, two existed SNPs in exon 8 and exon 17 resulted in the change of AA at F311S and M599V, respectively, and the otherpolymorphisms were at intron 7, 8, 14, 16 and 17. There were different preponderant genotypes at the corresponding gene locus and all genotypes were not associated with tenderness but other meat traits. This is the first study of the relationship between CAPN1 and meat quality besides tenderness in Yanbian yellow cattle of China.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 2006

Real time ultrasound data was generated on 10,596 live Hanwoo cows to study genetic variation on ultrasonic beef quality traits and to assess the best model to estimate genetic parameters on these traits. Pedigree stacking and data validation was done using the SAS statistical software and the genetic parameter estimates were obtained by EM-REML algorithm. Out of the five different multi-trait mixed animal models constructed, the optimal model included fixed effects of herd, year-season-appraisal, body condition score, linear and quadratic covariates for chest girth, the linear covariate effect of age and the random animal and residual effect of the five models studied. The heritability of longissimus muscle area (LMA), $12^{th}$ rib measurement of back fat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) was 0.11, 0.17 and 0.15, respectively. Genetic correlation of LMA vs. BF, LMA vs. MS and BF vs. MS was -0.15, 0.06 and 0.61, respectively. The results showed presence of genetic variation in these ultrasonic beef quality traits in Hanwoo cows and suggest that the selection of Hanwoo cows may be possible by performing ultrasonic scans on live animals, which will ultimately be helpful in reducing the generation interval and the cost of selection procedure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.765-772
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• 2017

Objective: This study examines the genetic factors influencing the phenotypes (four economic traits:oleic acid [C18:1], monounsaturated fatty acids, carcass weight, and marbling score) of Hanwoo. Methods: To enhance the accuracy of the genetic analysis, the study proposes a new statistical model that excludes environmental factors. A statistically adjusted, analysis of covariance model of environmental and genetic factors was developed, and estimated environmental effects (covariate effects of age and effects of calving farms) were excluded from the model. Results: The accuracy was compared before and after adjustment. The accuracy of the best single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in C18:1 increased from 60.16% to 74.26%, and that of the two-factor interaction increased from 58.69% to 87.19%. Also, superior SNPs and SNP interactions were identified using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method in Table 1 to 4. Finally, high- and low-risk genotypes were compared based on their mean scores for each trait. Conclusion: The proposed method significantly improved the analysis accuracy and identified superior gene-gene interactions and genotypes for each of the four economic traits of Hanwoo.