• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

We present a droplet-manipulation method using opto-thermal flows in oils. The flows are originated from Marangoni and buoyancy effects due to temperature gradient, generated by the adsorption of light on an amorphous silicon thin film. Using this method, we can transport, merge and mix droplets in an extremely simple system. Since the temperature rise during the operation is small, this method can be used for biological applications without the damage on cell viability.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1111-1118
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• 2005

In this study, a unified numerical investigation has been performed on the evolution of weld pool and key-hole geometry during low-power and high-power density laser welding. Unsteady phase-change heat transfer and fluid flow with the surface tension are examined. The one-dimensional vaporization model is introduced to model the overheated surface temperature and recoil pressure during high-power density laser welding. It is shown that Marangoni convection in the weld pool is dominant at low-power density laser welding, and the keyhole with thin liquid layer and the hump are visible at high-power density laser welding. It is also shown that the transition from conduction welding to penetration welding fur iron plate exists when the laser power density is about $10^6W/Cm^2$.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 1994

균일한 자장이 Czochralski도가니에 가하여졌을 때의 유동장, 온도장 및 boron의 농도장이 수치적으로 연구되었다.이러한 Czochralski 도가니에 가하여졌을 때의 유동장, 온도장 및 boron의 농도 장이 수치적으로 연구되어 . 이러한 Caochralski 유동장을 지배하는 인자로는 온도차이에 의한 부력, 자유표면에서의 반경방향으로의 온도 구배로 인한 thermocapillarity, 도가니와 결정의 회전으로 인한 원심력, 외부에서 걸어준 자장에 의한 자성력, boron의 확산계수 및 segregation coefficient 등이 있다. 여기에서 boron의 농도가 매우 낮으므로 농도차이에 의한 부력의 효가 무시되므로 boron의 농도장은 유동장 및 온도장에 영향을 미치지 못한다. 희전방향으로의 대칭성으로 부터 먼저 정상 상태에 대한 자오평면(mericional plane)에서의 속도성분과 회전방향의 속도 성분이 구하여졌으며 온도장도 해석되었다. 이러한 정상상태에서의 유동장 및 온도장으로부터 boron의 농도에 관한 비정상상태에서의 농도구배가 Marangoni convection을 야기하고 있다. 또 비정상 상태의 boron의 농도장의 전달현상은 주로 대류작용에 의존하고 있다.존하고 있다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2248-2253
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• 2008

A numerical study on oscillatory thermocapillary flow in half-zone has performed to understand the effect of axial rotation. 2d unsteady code is developed to observe the onset of oscillation. 2cs Silicone oil with Prandtl number of 26.5 is used as a working fluid. The critical temperature difference at onset of oscillation is investigated under the different aspect ratios and rotation modes. It is shown that the onset of oscillation is delayed when aspect ratio reduces and rotating speed increases. The oscillatory flow is strongly reduced under top rotation and co-rotation modes, while it is augmented under bottom rotation and counter-rotation modes. It is thought that interaction between return flow and bottom wall is important to explain the oscillatory flow.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2000

약한 cusp 자장이 가하여진 Czochralski실리콘 단결정 성장에서 유동장의 종횡비에 따라 부력과 열모세관 현상이 용융물질의 유동과 물질(산소)전달에 미치는 영향이 수치적인 방법으로 연구되었다. 실리콘 단결정 성장이 진행됨에 따라 도가니안의 용융물질의 깊이가 즐어들어 유동장의 종횡비가 감소하고, 이에 따라 현존하는 유동장에 작용하는 자장의 상대적인 형태가 변화하므로 유동의 형태가 계속 변화한다. 유동장 내부에서 자유표면으로 접근하여 Marangoni 대류를 구성하는 용융물질의 흐름(열모세관 현상)과 함께 도가니 벽 근처의 자유표면 바로 아래에서 순환류가 발생하는데, 이 순환류의 존재로 인하여 부력의 효과가 “전반적으로”나타나지 않고 도리어 “국소적으로”나타나는 특성을 갖는다. 종횡비가 작아질수록 유동장의 대부분에서 자장의 반경방향 성분이 축방향 성분보다 우세하여 용융물질의 유동은 횡방향 성분(수평성분)이 현저해지므로 자오면에서의 온도분포는 점차 반경방향에 의존하는 특성을 갖게 된다 종횡비가 작아질수록 결정의 가장자리에서 온도구배가 작아지며 따라서 열모세관 현상포 약화된다 또 이때 결정주위의 산소의 농도가 작아지며 따라서 흡수되는 산소의 양도 작아진다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.921-930
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• 2001

A new theoretical critical heat flux (CHF) model was developed for the forced convective flow boiling at high pressure, high mass velocity, and low quality. The present model for an intermittent vapor blanket was basically derived from the sublayer dryout theory without including any empirical constant. The vapor blanket velocity was estimated by an axial force balance, and the thickness of vapor blanket was determined by a radial force balance for the Marangoni force and lift force. Based on the comparison of the predicted CHF with the experimental data taken from previous studies, the present CHF model showed satisfactory results with reasonable accuracy.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.484-490
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• 2002

The formation and stability of stationary laser weld keyholes were investigated using a numerical simulation. The effect of multiple reflections in the keyhole was estimated using the ray tracing method, and the free surface profile, flow velocity and temperature distribution were calculated numerically. In the simulation, the keyhole was formed by the displacement of the melt induced by evaporation recoil pressure, while surface tension and hydrostatic pressure opposed cavity formation. A transition mode having the geometry of the conduction mode with keyhole formation occurred between the conduction and keyhole modes. At laser powers of 500W and greater, the protrusion occurred on the keyhole wall, which resulted in keyhole collapse and void formation at the bottom. Initiation of the protrusion was caused mainly by collision of upward and downward flows due to the pressure components, and Marangoni flow had minor effects on the flow patterns and keyhole stability.bility.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2000

Melt flow, heat and mass transfer of oxygen have been analyzed numerically in the process of Czochralski single crystal growth of silicon under the influence of misaligned cusp magnetic fields. Since the silicon melt in a crucible for crystal growth is of high temperature and of highly electrical-conducting, experimentation method has difficulty in analyzing the behavior of the melt flow. A set of simultaneous nonlinear equations including Navier-Stokes and Maxwell equations has been used for the modelling of the melt flow which can be regarded as a liquid metal. Together with the melt flow which forms the Marangoni convection, a flow circulation is observed near the comer close both to the crucible wall and the free surface. The melt flow tends to follow the magnetic lines instead of traversing the lines. These flow characteristics helps the flow circulation exist. Mass transfer characteristics influenced by the melt flow has been analyzed and the oxygen absorption rate to the crystal has been calculated and turned out to be rather uniform than in the case of an aligned magnetic field.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.76-81
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• 2002

The dramatic increase in the depth of a weld bead penetration has been demonstrated by welding a stainless steel in GTA (Gas-Tungsten-Arc) process with activating flux which consists of oxides and halides. However, there is no commonly agreed mechanism fer the effect of flux on the process. In order to make clear the mechanism, each behavior of the arc md the weld pool in GTA process with activating flux is observed in comparison with a conventional GTA process. A constricted anode root is shown in GTA process with the activating flux, whereas a diffuse anode root is shown in the conventional process. These anode roots are related strongly to metal vapor from the weld pool and the metal vapor is also related to temperature distributions on the weld pool surface. Furthermore, it is suggested that a balance between the Marangoni force and the drag force of the cathode jet should dominate the direction of re-circulatory flow in the weld pool. The electromagnetic force encourages the inward re-circulatory flow due to the constricted anode root in the case with flux. The difference in flow direction in the weld pool changes the geometry or depth/width ratio of weld bead penetration.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2012

Although the motion of the three-phase contact line on a solid substrate has been extensively studied thus far, the understanding of the dynamics of the contact line of liquid/liquid/gas phases is far from complete. Here we deposit a drop of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on water and HFE-7100 whose free surfaces are exposed to air to observe the flow field around the contact line. By combining the shadowgraph and high-speed imaging techniques, we find that vortices are spontaneously generated at the contact line, which grow in size with time. The flow is attributed to the Marangoni stress that pulls a liquid of lower-surface tension toward a liquid surface having a higher surface tension. However, it is not still clear why the entrained lower-surface-tension liquid should whirl rapidly beneath the contact line. We also visualize the flow by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) to find out that the rotational velocity reaches the order of 1 mm/s near the free surface.